I-Oaxaca ingesinye sezifunda ezicebe kakhulu eMexico, ngesimo salo sendawo esimangelengele lapho izintaba iMadre del Sur, iMadre de Oaxaca ne-Atravesada zihlangana khona, ezisingethwe kusukela ngo-1600 BC. Isimo sezulu sawo esihlukahlukene, inhlabathi namahlathi, izimila zawo ezicebile, izimayini zawo, imifula namabhishi, kwakusetshenziswa abantu bomdabu abathuthukisa izici ezithile futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Isifunda sase-Oaxacan sineminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nambili yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kuso sithola ubufakazi bamaqembu abazingeli abaqoqa abazingeli, kanye namasampula esiteji se-lithic ezigodini zaseNochixtlán nase-Oaxaca.
Imizana yokuqala yasungulwa esigodini sase-Etla (1600 BC), namaqembu abantu asezinzile asezinikele kwezolimo, azothuthukisa ulwazi oluningi lwezinkanyezi nolwezenkolo (kufaka phakathi inkolo yabafileyo), ukubhala njengenombolo, phakathi kokunye intuthuko. Isigaba sakudala saqala ngemiphakathi yezakhamizi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa esezivele zihlala kwelinye lamadolobha okuqala eMelika: iMonte Albán, lapho iqembu lamaZapotec lalilawula khona ezombusazwe ezigodini ezimaphakathi. Kamuva, esikhathini sangemva kwesigaba sakudala, amadolobha (ngo-1200-1521 AD) azobuswa yizicukuthwane nezinduna. Izibonelo zezikhungo ezincane zasemadolobheni ngosayizi kanye nenani labahlali yiMitla, Yagul neZaachila.
Elinye iqembu ebeliphethe le ndawo yamasiko aseMesoamerica ngamaMixtec (imvelaphi yawo ingacaci kahle), nawo azongena kule ndawo. Lezi zazigxile ekuqaleni eMixteca Alta futhi zisuka lapho zasakazeka esigodini sase-Oaxaca. Leli qembu lalibonakala ngekhwalithi ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezifana ne-polychrome ceramics, ama-codices kanye nokwenziwa kwegolide. Amandla akhulayo amaMixtecos nokwanda kwawo afinyelela eMixteca Alta nasezigodini ezimaphakathi zase-Oaxaca, ebusa noma edala imifelandawonye. U-Ahuizotl, inkosi yaseMexico ngonyaka we-1486, ngokusho kukaCocojoeza (Mnu. Zaachila), waya eTehuantepec naseSoconusco wasungula imizila yezohwebo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16 kwakukhona imibhikisho yasendaweni ebhekiswe kumhlaseli waseMexico, eyayicindezelwe, futhi ngokuziphindisela labo ababhekene nabo kwakudingeka bakhokhe umthwalo osindayo wokuhlonipha.
Njengamanje, i-Oaxaca iyisimo seRiphabhulikhi lapho kuhlala khona abantu abaningi bomdabu futhi lapho sithola khona amaqembu ezilimi ayi-16 odabuka eMesoamerican, ngokusinda kwemikhuba yamasiko okhokho. Isiza samanje esihlala idolobha lase-Oaxaca (i-Huaxyacac), saqala (1486), indawo yezempi eyasungulwa yinkosi yaseMexico u-Ahuizotl.
Le ndawo enabantu abaningi yagqugquzela abanqobi, ngemuva kokuwa kweMexico Tenochtitlán, ukuba benze umthetho wabo ngokushesha, phakathi kwezinye izizathu, ukuze bathole igolide emifuleni iTuxtepec neMalimaltepec.
Phakathi kwabantu baseSpain bokuqala abangena kule ndawo sinoGonzalo de Sandoval okwathi, ngemuva kokubeka izijeziso ezinzima eMexico eyasala eTuxtepec, yanqoba isifunda saseChinantec ngokuxhaswa ngabomdabu baseMexico nabaseTlaxcalans ababehamba naye. Lapho injongo yakhe isifezekisiwe futhi ngemvume kaCortés, waqhubeka nokusabalalisa amaphasela.
Kuningi okungabhalwa ngokunqotshwa kwamasosha kuleyo ndawo, kepha sizofingqa ngokusho ukuthi, kwezinye izindawo, bekuthula (ngokwesibonelo amaZapotec), kepha kwakukhona amaqembu alwa isikhathi eside, njengeMixtecos neMixes, ngokuphelele ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi. Ukunqotshwa kwalesi sifunda kwabonakala, njenganoma yimuphi omunye, ngonya lwaso, ukweqisa kwaso, ukweba kanye nokuqala kokucekelwa phansi kwezindinganiso zomuntu ezigxile kakhulu emadodeni afana nalawa, wefa elinjalo eliqinile lamasiko.
