Lena incazelo emfushane yezinqubo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthola iphepha ngekhulu le-16: enye ihlobene nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwe ukuqala indlela yokwenza iphepha, kanti enye inqubo yokwenza iphepha uqobo. impahla eluhlaza.
Le ncazelo emfushane yezinqubo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthola iphepha ngekhulu le-16: enye ihlobene nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwe ukuqala indlela yokwenza iphepha, kanti enye inqubo yokwenza iphepha uqobo. impahla eluhlaza.
ICulhuacán Paper Mill isukela ngekhulu le-16 futhi iyingxenye yezakhiwo zokwakhiwa kweSan Juan Evangelista Convent kanye neSeminary Seminary.
Lesi sakhiwo sise-Av. Tláhuac, empumalanga yeMexico City, eCerrada 16 de Septiembre, endaweni eyaziwayo yaseCulhuacán.
Lesi sigayo sephepha sasibalulekile ekufezeni ukushunyayelwa kwemiyalo eyenziwayo eyenziwe kuleli dolobha ngekhulu le-16. Lo msebenzi wawuphethe uhlelo luka-Augustinian, okwathi ngo-1530 lwasungula iSeminary of Languages yaseSan Juan Evangelista.
Inhloso enkulu kwakuwukufundisa amaNdiya inkolo yobuKrestu, futhi ngalokhu kwakudingeka ukuthi kube nezikole nezikole zokufundela, kube ngabezenkolo ababephethe lo msebenzi omkhulu. Umsebenzi onjalo wawudinga ukwenziwa kwezincwadi (ojikijelwa, amahubo, ikhathekizimu, njll.) Ezidingekayo ukwenza lula ukuqonda inkolo entsha yabomdabu, nokuthi abaseSpain bafunde isiNahuatl.
Izincwadi zokuqala zazipendwe njengama-codex, emashidini ephepha le-amate, kulandelwa isiko labomdabu; Kepha lo msebenzi wawudinga inani elikhulu lephepha, ngaphezu kokuthi abaphathi abasha be-viceregal bakwenza kwadingeka ukuthi kutholakale amaphepha afana nalawo asetshenziswa eYurophu.
Abase-Augustine basheshe babona ukuthi ukusebenzisa obunye ubuchwepheshe ababazi ukuthi babengaqhuba isigayo esizokhiqiza iphepha elidingekayo ngezinhloso zabo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1580 baqala ukusebenzisa lesi sigayo sephepha, esakhiwa ngezizathu zesigodlo lapho basebenzisa khona impophoma nesiphethu ukusungula isondo, elaziwa ngokuthi isondo lamanzi.
Leli sondo (into engaziwa ngabomdabu njengendlela yokuhudula) laliphakathi nendawo line-eksisi evundlile ekugcineni kwalo eyayinamakhamera amabili ayephakamisa isigaxa sokhuni esinezipikili ekugcineni, umsebenzi waso kwakuwukunciphisa izindwangu zibe uginindela ngosizo lwamanzi.
Lo mshini olula wawumele umnikelo obalulekile eMelika futhi kungekudala waba nezicelo eziningi.
Ukuthi amandla wokubacindezela aqhamuka empophomeni nasentwasahlobo lapho kwakhiwa khona lesi sigayo kukhonjiswe ngokuvubukula okwenziwa ngo-1982, lapho kwembulwa khona ukuthi lo msebenzi wokuqala wokwakhiwa kwamakholoni wawungumphumela wesicelo yolwazi lokuthi kuze kube yileso sikhathi lwalubalwa emkhakheni wezobuchwephesha nobunjiniyela ezwenikazi elidala.
Ukuze kube nokulawulwa okukhulu kwenani lamanzi adingekayo ukuhambisa isondo, kwakhiwa umzila ophakeme kanye nesango, okwathi, libekwe amamitha ambalwa ngaphambi kwalo, lasebenza njengomlawuli wamandla adingekayo ukusheshisa noma ukumisa inqubo. "kokugaya".
Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa amanzi ukuthola amandla, bekubalulekile futhi ngenqubo yokuchoboza amadlavu amadala - izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza iphepha -, ezenziwa ngenqwaba eyodwa noma ngaphezulu zaze zaguqulwa zaba uginindela omuhle kakhulu, isenzo sabagcwalisi, kanye nenqubo "yokuvutshelwa" kwamanikiniki.
Lapho kutholakala unamathisela olufanayo, lwalusatshalaliswa ngozimele ngamagridi ukuhlunga amanzi amaningi. Ngemuva kwalokhu kusebenza, isikhunta sephepha sasuswa, sicindezelwa ukukhipha wonke umswakama futhi sabekwa ezintanjeni zokugqoka. Lapho sezomile, zazibushelelezi futhi zicwebezeliswe ngamatshe, njengetshe lentambo, noma ngeziqhumisi zokhuni, okwakuthi ngezikhathi ezithile zigcotshwe nge-tallow. Lo mkhuba, nokho, wawwenqatshelwe, ngoba lapho kubhalwa endaweni enamafutha uyinki wawungomi noma ugijime kalula.
Umthombo: UMexico ongaziwa uNombolo 295 / Septhemba 2001
