Umcimbi wemiphumela emikhulu wenzeka eMesoamerica cishe ngonyaka ka-650 BC.
Umcimbi wemiphumela emikhulu wenzekile eMesoamerica cishe ngonyaka ka-650 BC: ubukhona bezinto zakwamanye amazwe ngaphakathi kohlelo lokumelela i-Olmec, oluhlobene nezinyoni ezidla inyama, izinyoka, amajaguar, namasele noma amaxoxo; kodwa, okubaluleke kakhulu, yizinhlobo zobuso obumomothekayo eziqale ukumiselela uhlobo lwe- “face face” njengommeleli oyingqayizivele womuntu walobu buciko.
E-Chalcatzingo akuseyona i-anthropomorphic ehlanganayo ebonakala ikhululekile ngaphakathi emhumeni futhi yaziwa njenge- "El Rey". Esidongeni esisekungeneni komhume wase-Oxtotitlán, akuyona i-anthropomorph ehleli esithombeni esenziwe isitayela se-zoomorph e-reptilia, kodwa umuntu omelelwe njengenyoni edla inyama enezimpawu ezimhlobanisa ne-zoomorph. E-La Venta, ama-stelae amaningi akhombisa umuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu egqoke ngokucebile ngezitayela ezingaziwa, hhayi ngokwesiko i-Olmec, enezithombe ze-anthropomorphic njengengxenye yesibili ngendlela ye-medallion, insignia noma ezintantayo ezungeze yona, ne-zoomorph njengeplatifomu, noma ibhendi ye-basal. lapho kuhlala khona iNkosi.
Lolu shintsho kubuciko buka-Olmec aluzenzeki, kodwa umkhiqizo wenguquko ehamba kancane futhi ebonakalayo enokuthula, ngoba abukho ubufakazi bemivubukulo yempi noma ukunqoba. Izakhi ezintsha ezingokomfanekiso zifakwe ngqo esakhiweni esikhona sokumelwa kwendabuko kwe-Olmec. Umzamo, kubonakala sengathi bekuwukusebenzisa obekuvele kukhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe futhi kuthuthukiswe imiqondo emisha, kuguqulwe lokho okwakungubuciko benkolo bokuthile okusobala ukuthi kunesizathu esicacile senhlalo nezombusazwe.
Ngo-500 BC, ubuciko be- "Olmec" sebuvele sebunomsebenzi ophindwe kabili: omunye owenzelwa amakhosi awulawulayo, kanti omunye, owokuthinta inkolo kakhulu, ukuthuthukisa isikhundla sabo emphakathini. Enye into eyisisekelo yale nqubo, enkulu kumthelela wayo wamasiko eMesoamerica, kwaba ukubonakala okungenzeka konkulunkulu, njengalabo esibaziyo abavela kuClassic nasePostclassic.
Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi amandla okushintsha aguqula lezi zinguquko ezingavamile aqhamuka eningizimu, evela ezinkangala kanye nasogwini lwasePacific lwaseChiapas naseGuatemala, lapho ijezi livela khona nalapho lapho kuhlangana khona umzila wezohwebo sithola inqwaba yezithombe nama-petroglyphs ngesitayela se-Olmec esishintshiwe njengaleso esise-Abaj Takalik, Ojo de Agua, Pijijiapan nasePadre Piedra, phakathi kwamanye amasayithi. Ngesikhathi sayo (900-700 BC) iLa Venta idle inqwaba ye-jade (kubo ebaluleke kakhulu kunegolide kithi) ezintweni ezinhle eziqoshiwe ezinjengezithombe, amaski, izinto zemikhosi ezisetshenziswayo ezifana nezimbazo nezikebhe ezincane, ezinye ukusetshenziswa kwesiko nemihlobiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ze-jade zazifakwa emangcwabeni noma zisetshenziselwe imicikilisho yokuvota ezindundumeni nasezinkundleni, kanye neminikelo phambi kwamatshe esikhumbuzo.
Lokhu kusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-jade kwaholela ekuthembekeni kwamakhosi ayelawula imithombo yalokhu okubalulekile eGuatemala. Kungakho amathonya aseningizimu abonakala kuma-stelae, ama-altare nakwezinye izikhumbuzo eLa Venta. La mathonya akhona nakwezinye izikhumbuzo zaseSan Lorenzo, naseStela C naseMonument C yaseTres Zapotes. Ngisho namajade okuthiwa "ama-Olmec" atholakala eCosta Rica afana kakhulu nalesi siko lolwandle lwasePacific kunabantu baseGulf.
Lokhu kuguqulwa kobuciko be-Olmec kungumcimbi wamasiko wokuguqula, mhlawumbe obaluleke kakhulu ukwedlula ukwakhiwa kohlelo olubonakalayo lokumelwa olususelwa ezinkolelweni ezingabonakali, njengoba kwakungu-Olmec uqobo. Ngaphezu kwesitayela esiguquliwe, lobu buciko be- "Olmec" sekwephuzile buyisisekelo noma umsuka wobuciko esikhathini esijwayelekile somhlaba waseMesoamerican.
Umthombo: Izindima Zomlando No. 5 Ubukhosi beGulf Coast / Disemba 2000
