Indawo enkulu evikelekile ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMexico yiCalakmul Biosphere Reserve, ehlala endaweni engamahektare angama-723,185 eningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe saseCampeche.
Lesi sifunda sinesimo sezulu esomile, nezimvula ehlobo, nalapho amazinga okushisa aphansi aphakathi kuka-22 ° C kanye nobukhulu obungu-30 ° C. Lesi siqiwi sinezindawo ezimbili eziyinhloko ezizungezwe indawo ebanzi yesikhashana; Kungamazwe lapho i-12% yehlathi eliphakeme, eliphakathi nendawo neliphansi njalo eliluhlaza lezwe livikelekile, kanye nama-savanna, imigwaqo yamanzi nezikhukhula zezikhukhula. Le ndawo, yanqunywa ngoMeyi 23, 1989, itholakala kumasipala omusha onegama elifanayo, futhi eningizimu inqamula eGuatemala, endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi “iPetén plain”, lapho kutholakala khona iMaya Biosphere Reserve enkulu.
Ihlathi eliphakeme, elenziwe ngezihlahla ezinkulu ezifana ne-ceiba, sapodilla, pich, mahogany kanye nama-amate, ezindaweni ezinkulu kuhlanganiswe nezimila ezigqamile zehlathi eliphakathi nendawo neliphansi njalo eliluhlaza. emelwe yi-chacáh, dzalam, guara, palo de tinte, jícara, izintende zesit kanye ne-nakax, kanye nama-liana amaningi nezitshalo ezinomsoco. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izici ezicabalele zendawo zivumele ukuthi kube khona iziqiwi zamanzi eziphawulekayo ezinezimila ezinamanzi amancane, njengama-tulares nemibhede yomhlanga; Kukhona nezicucu zemihlabathi ezizimele ezibizwa nge- "akalché", ezijulile nezikhukhulayo, ezakha imithombo emihle kakhulu yamanzi ezilwaneni zasendle.
Ngenxa yesimo esihle sokongiwa kwesembozo semifino kanye nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi yabantu, lokhu kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekubhekaneni nezilwane ezisongelwa kwezinye izindawo; Bahlala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinkukhu zaseMelika ezishisayo ezidinga izindawo ezinkulu zokuzingela ukuze zisinde, njenge-jaguar, i-ocelot, i-tigrillo, i-yaguarundi kanye nekati lasendle; izihlahla ezinde futhi zithanda ukutholakala kwamabutho amakhulu ezinkawu ze-howler kanye nezicabucabu ngaphansi kwezimila kuhlala izilwane ezingavamile, njenge-tapir, i-anteater, inyamazane enesihlathi esimhlophe, ingulube yasendle enamhlathi amhlophe, i-turkey ekhonjiwe kanye ne-Partridge; kuyilapho umpheme wemifino uhlala opholi kanye nama-parakeet, ama-coas, ama-chachalacas nama-calandrias, angamakhulu amaningana. Le fauna, ejwayelekile yesifunda se-neotropical, ezimweni eziningi yakhiwa yizinhlobo ezingandile, ezihlala zikhona kanti ezinye zisengozini yokuqothulwa.
ICalakmul, okusho ukuthi ngolimi lwesiMayan okusho ukuthi “izindunduma ezimbili eziseduze”, yisiza esasihlalwa kakhulu phakathi nezikhathi ze-Middle Preclassic neLate Classic (phakathi kuka-500 BC kuya ku-1000 AD). Isikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke sasemadolobheni asendaweni yamaMaya yesikhathi esijwayelekile sinezinsalela ezingaphezu kwezingama-500 zemivubukulo, ngakho-ke iCalakmul ithathwa njengediphozi enkulu kunayo yonke yemibhalo ebalulekile yamaMayan, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lama-stelae, amaningana atholakala phambi kwamakamelo angaphansi komhlaba nezinye eziningi ezizungezile Izikwele. Ngaphakathi kwendawo evikelwe kunezindawo eziningi zemivubukulo, phakathi kwezaziwa kakhulu yi-El Ramonal, i-Xpujil, iRío Bec, i-El Hormiguero Oxpemul, i-Uxul nezinye, konke okubaluleke kakhulu emlandweni nasemasikweni, lapho iCalakmul ivelela khona ngokuba idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eMayan IMexico, neyesibili kuyo yonke indawo kaMayan, ngemuva kukaTikal.
