Ngokungangabazeki, izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo ezikhona kulesi sifunda esisenkabeni-mpumalanga yeMexico kwakuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kungani ngonyaka ka-1997 uhulumeni waseMexico wamemezela ukuthi "uyindawo yokugcina izinto eziphilayo".
Kepha ukuphathwa okuhlanganisiwe kwendawo enkulu kangaka enabantu abaningi kusho izinselelo ezidlula isimemezelo nje. Ucwaningo ngezitshalo, izilwane nezinye izinsiza zemvelo; ukuhlelwa nokuqeqeshwa kwabantu basezintabeni ukuze babafake ngenkuthalo emsebenzini wokuvikela izinqolobane, kanye nabaphathi abanzima ukuthola izinsiza zokuxhasa yonke le misebenzi, ngezinye zezinselelo ezibhekele ukusimama ezingaphezulu kweminyaka eyishumi ISierra Gorda IAP Ecological Group kanye nomphakathi wezintaba bebelokhu bebhekene.
ISIERRA GORDA: ISIVUMELWANO SENGCEBISO YEBIOTIKI
Ukubaluleka kwemvelo kweSierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve (RBSG) kulele ekumeleleni kwayo okuphezulu kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaseMexico, njengoba kufakazelwa ubukhona bezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo esimweni esihle sokongiwa endaweni encane. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwemvelo kuphendula ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziningana ezihlobene nesimo sendawo yaseSierra Gorda. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indawo ebekwe kuyona ewubeka esiqeshini sendawo yaseMexico lapho izifunda ezimbili ezinkulu zemvelo zezwekazi laseMelika zihlangana khona: i-Nearctic, esukela eNyakatho Pole iye eTropic yeCancer, neNeotropical, esukela ku iTropic Yomdlavuza iye e-Ecuador. I-juxtaposition yazo zombili lezi zifunda inikeza iSierra ngezinto ezihluke kakhulu zezulu, zezimbali nezilwane, ezaziwa ngokuthi yi-Mesoamerican mountain biodiversity.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuma kwayo enyakatho-ningizimu, njengengxenye yezintaba zaseSierra Madre Oriental, kwenza iSierra Gorda ibe yisithiyo esikhulu semvelo esibamba umswakama oqukethwe yimimoya evela eGulf of Mexico. Lo msebenzi umele umthombo oyinhloko wokugcwaliswa kabusha kwe-aquifer yemisinga yomfula nezingubo zangaphansi komhlaba ezihlinzeka ngoketshezi olubalulekile kubo bonke abantu baseSierra nalabo baseHuasteca Potosina. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukuthathwa komswakama obhaliswe ngekhethini le-orographic elimele iSierra kukhiqiza ukwehluka okumangazayo komswakama ngaphakathi kwendawo uqobo lwayo. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi usemthambekeni wasempumalanga, lapho kushayisana khona imimoya yaseGulf, imvula ifinyelela ku-2,000 mm ngonyaka, ikhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi, emthambekeni obhekene nawo kudalwa "isithunzi sesomiso" indawo endaweni eyomile lapho amanani emvula engafinyeleli ku-400 mm ngonyaka.
Ngendlela efanayo, ukuncipha okukhulu kweSierra Gorda nakho kuneqhaza ekushintsheni kwemvelo, ngoba ngenkathi kusengqungqutheleni yayo, engaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-3 000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, sithola amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-12 ° C, emihosheni ejulile ehlangana futhi eyehla kuze kube yi-msnm engama-300, amazinga okushisa angafinyelela ku-40 ° C.
Ngamafuphi, ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke lezi zinto kwenza iSierra Gorda ibe ngesinye sezifunda ezimbalwa zezwekazi lapho kutholakala khona izindawo ezinkulu zezwe: intaba eyomile, enesimo sezulu esiphundu, enamanzi ashisayo kanye nomswakama wasendaweni eshisayo. Njengokungathi lokhu bekunganele, ngalinye lalawa macrozone aqukethe ukuhlukahluka okunothile futhi okulondolozwe kahle kwezemvelo, kanye nokuhlukahluka okukhulu nokuhlukile. Ubufakazi balokhu yizinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1 800 zezitshalo zemithambo ezitholakele kuze kube manje - eziningi zazo zikhona kuphela -, kanye nezinhlobo ezingama-118 zama-macromycetes, izinhlobo ezingama-23 zezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, izinhlobo ezingama-71 zezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinyoni ezingama-360 no-131 ezincelisayo.
Kukho konke okungenhla, iSierra Gorda ithathwa njengendawo ebaluleke kunazo zonke yokugcina izinto eziphilayo ezweni, ngokwezinhlobo zezimila kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwezinto eziphilayo.
IZINSELELE ZOKUQHUBEKA NOKUQINISEKA
Kepha ukuze yonke ingcebo yemvelo yaseSierra Gorda ivikelwe ngokusemthethweni, kwakudingeka inqubo ende yokusebenza ebandakanya imisebenzi eminingi yocwaningo lwesayensi, ukukhushulwa phakathi kwemiphakathi esezintabeni kanye nabaphathi ukuthola izinsiza ngaphambi kwezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene ezizimele kanye kahulumeni. Konke kwaqala ngo-1987, lapho iqembu lamaQueretans elalinesifiso sokuvikela nokutholwa kwengcebo yemvelo yaseSierra lakha iSierra Gorda iap Ecological Group (GESG). Imininingwane eqoqwe ngaphezulu kwale minyaka eyishumi yile nhlangano yomphakathi ibibalulekile kwiziphathimandla zikahulumeni (zombuso kanye nezombusazwe) kanye ne-unesco ukuqaphela isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuvikela isifunda semvelo esibaluleke kangaka. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ngoMeyi 19, 1997, uhulumeni waseMexico wakhipha isimemezelo lapho amahektare ayizinkulungwane ezingama-384 maqondana nomasipala abayisihlanu abasenyakatho yesifundazwe saseQuerétaro nezindawo ezizungezile zaseSan Luis Potosí naseGuanajuato bavikelwa ngaphansi komkhakha weReserve of the ISierra Gorda Biosphere.
Ngemuva kwempumelelo enkulu, inselelo elandelayo ye-GESG kanye nokuphathwa kwesiGodlo kube nokuhlungwa kohlelo lokuphatha oluzosebenza njengomhlahlandlela wokuthuthukiswa kwezenzo namaphrojekthi athile, ngezikhathi ezichazwe kahle nasezindaweni zasendaweni. Ngalo mqondo, i-rbsg Management Programme iqala kulesi simiso sefilosofi esilandelayo: "Ukuvuselelwa nokulondolozwa okuqhubekayo kwemvelo yase-sierra nezinqubo zayo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo kuzotholakala kuphela uma abantu bezintaba bengahlanganiswa nemisebenzi zihunyushelwa kwezinye izindlela zomsebenzi nezemfundo ezizuzisayo ”. Ngokuhambisana nalesi simiso, uhlelo lokuphatha njengamanje lwakha amaphrojekthi amane ayisisekelo:
Iphrojekthi Yezemfundo Yezemvelo
Ukuhlanganisa ukuvakasha nyangazonke kwabagqugquzeli abaqeqeshiwe ezikoleni ezingama-250 zamabanga aphansi nezamabanga aphakeme eSierra ngenhloso yokwakha phakathi kwabancane ukuqwashiswa kwenhlonipho ngoMama Womhlaba; Ngemisebenzi yobumnandi bafunda ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene zemvelo, njengezilwane zasentabeni, umjikelezo wamanzi, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukuvuselelwa kwamahlathi, ukwehlukaniswa kukadoti oqinile, njalo njalo.
Iphrojekthi Yokuthuthukisa Umphakathi
Kuphakanyiswa ukufuna ezinye izindlela zezenhlalo nezomnotho ezilinganisela inzuzo ebonakalayo yezindawo eziphakeme kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Lokhu kutholakala ngokuhlukahluka okukhiqizayo, ukuqwashisa ngemvelo kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sengqondo kubantu abadala bezintaba. Ngalokhu, ukuvakashelwa kwabagqugquzeli emiphakathini kuyadingeka ukuze kuqeqeshwe futhi kusekelwe inhlangano yomphakathi, ukuze kwenziwe lula ukusetshenziswa kwamasu ahlukahlukene e-eco ahlose ukusetshenziswa kahle kwemithombo yemvelo. Lezi zenzo zifaka phakathi: izingadi zomndeni ezingaphezu kwama-300 eziholele ekuthuthukisweni kokudla okunomsoco nezomnotho kwezindawo eziphakeme kanye nokubuyiselwa kwenhlabathi enobizo lwehlathi; izitofu ezingaphezu kwama-500 zasemaphandleni ezisebenzisa umlilo ofanayo ukuze zisetshenziswe ngasikhathi sinye, ikakhulukazi ukunciphisa ukugawulwa kwezihlahla; imikhankaso yokuqeqesha, ukuhlanza, ukwehlukanisa nokugcina imfucumfucu eqinile ukuze isetshenziswe kabusha, kanye nezindlu zangasese ezingama-300 zemvelo uhlelo lwazo oluzigcina zomile, zisiza ukuthuthwa kwendle kwemigudu yemifula.
Iphrojekthi Yezihlahla
Ngokuyisisekelo iqukethe ukuvuselelwa kwezindawo ezinezihlahla nenhlabathi yobizo lwamahlathi, ngokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi ngokhuni, izithelo noma izinhlobo ezingafani, kuya ngezimo zemvelo nezomnotho zomphakathi ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, kube nokwenzeka ukukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwemvelo kanye nemifucumfucu yemvelo emahlathini nasemahlathini elinyazwe yimililo nangokuxhashazwa okungenangqondo kwabagawuli bemithi noma abafuyi, ngenkathi kudalwa imisebenzi esimeme kubantu bezintaba.
Iphrojekthi Yezokuvakasha
Siqukethe ikakhulukazi ukuvakashelwa okuqondiswa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zesiqiwi, ukuze uthande izimbali, izilwane nezindawo zemvelo ezahlukahlukene ezikhona. Inhloso yale phrojekthi ukuthi abantu bezintaba bangazuza ngokulawula ukuthuthwa, ukuholwa, indawo yokuhlala kanye nokudla kwezivakashi, ngenkathi bona bezuza ebangeni lezintaba. Ukuvakasha kungenziwa ngezinyawo, ngokugibela amahhashi, ngamabhayisikili, ngemoto noma ngesikebhe, futhi kungahlala usuku olulodwa noma eziningana.
INSELELE YAMANJE
Njengoba kungabonakala, kunzima ukuqinisekisa inqubo eqinisekisa ukuphathwa okuphelele kule ndawo yokugcina izinto eziphilayo ngaphandle kokuqina, ukuzimisela nokuzibandakanya njalo kwabo bonke abathintekayo. Inkinga yezomnotho ethinta yonke iMexico njengamanje ibukeka izithinta kakhulu izenzo esezenziwe iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi ngenhloso yokusimama kwesiqiwu. Kakade sekuqinisekisiwe esikhathini esidlule ukuthi ngokuhlanganiswa kwemizamo yezimo ezahlukahlukene zikahulumeni, umphakathi wasezintabeni kanye neGesg njengama-ngos, kwenziwa izinyathelo eziningi zokhonkolo ukuvikela, ukuvuselelwa nokuthuthwa kwendle yemithombo yemvelo yaseSierra, kanye nokwenza ngcono okuphelele kwezinga lempilo yezakhamizi zayo. Kodwa-ke, kuningi okusamele kwenziwe; Ngakho-ke, ubizo lwe-Reserve Directorate luphakamisa ukucabangisisa nokuzimisela ngomthwalo omkhulu okumele wonke amaMexico abambisane nawo ekulondolozeni nasekuphatheni okusimeme kwalesi siphephelo semvelo.
