Iwayini lokuqala ngezikhathi zamakholoni, kamuva ubhiya, kancane kancane ukukhiqizwa kukazwelonke kweziphuzo zombili kwakhula kwaze kwaba yilapho kuba yingxenye enkulu yomnotho wethu.
Mayelana newayini
Phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yeColony, zonke izivini ezazichuma futhi zisekhona maphakathi nezwe nengxenye enkulu yeCalifornia zatshalwa. Ngemuva kokuthola ukuthi kukhona izingqinamba zasendle, abanqobi bokuqala baqhubeka benza izingqikithi batshala nezitshalo ezintsha. Ngo-1612, ukuvikela umnotho wedolobha elikhulu, ukutshalwa kwemivini, ukuzalaniswa kwezibungu zikasilika, ukukhiqizwa kwamakhanvasi amahle neminye imikhiqizo eminingi kwavinjelwa. Kamuva, nokungeniswa kwewayini okuvela ePeru naseChile. Ngaphambi kwalokho, uFrancisco de Urdiñola wayesesungule iwayini lakhe lokuqala endaweni yaseSanta María de las Parras. Engutsheni yezingalo zeQuerétaro ezisukela ngonyaka we-1660, singabona izivini ezithile.
Ngemuva kwenkululeko, kwaguqulwa imithethonqubo ukuvikela ukukhiqizwa kukazwelonke futhi ukungeniswa kwewayini nemimoya kwatheliswa kakhulu. UHumboldt, eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, wayencome ikakhulukazi izivini zasePas del del Norte neziFundazwe Zangaphakathi: zachuma, futhi yize kwakukhona iziyaluyalu zalesi sikhathi, zanda.
Ngesikhathi sePorfiriato ukusetshenziswa kwewayini kwakhula, ngoba ngaphezu kokwamukelwa kabanzi kweCoahuila neSan Luis, ukungeniswa kwabo kwanda. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kanye nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ama-81% womkhiqizo wamagilebhisi asetshenziselwa ukwenza iwayini kwathi u-11% wasetshenziswa njengezithelo; Eminyakeni edlule, kuze kufike kuma-24% kwakudalelwe ukuthi kukhiqizwe imimoya, kepha ukuchuma kwale minyaka kwavumela amakilasi wabathengi be-brandy noma i-cognac ukuthi ayizwe kuphela uma ivela eFrance.
Kusukela ezikhathini ezikude kakhulu izivini zase-Aguascalientes, iCoahuila, iBaja California, iDurango, iZacatecas, iSonora, iChihuahua, iQuerétaro, iGuanajuato neSan Luis Potosí bezidumile. Nomaphi lapho isimo sezulu sasivuma khona, izithunywa zevangeli zazihlale zihlwanyela emazweni futhi zinakekele ukusatshalaliswa kwazo. Imboni yethu yamanje yewayini itholakala kulezo zivande zokuqala zama-friars.
Mayelana nobhiya
Ukukhiqizwa kukabhiya kwakuwubuciko futhi kukhawulwe kakhulu kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Kwakunezindawo ezithile zokuphisa utshwala eMexico City naseToluca, kodwa zazikhiqizwa ngezinga elincane. Ngo-1890 kwafakwa ibhiya yokuqala enkulu eMonterrey, ekwaziyo ukukhiqiza imiphongolo eyi-10 000 namabhodlela ayizi-5 000 ngosuku. Eminyakeni emine kamuva kwavulwa enye e-Orizaba, eyayinkudlwana. Impumelelo yayo enkulu iholele ekwakhiweni kwesimanje kwezakhiwo ezindala ezweni lonke.
Ubhiya ubukhiqizwa e-Orizaba kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18; Kamuva, ngo-1896, osomabhizinisi baseJalimane nabaseFrance, oMnumzane uHenry Manthey noGuillermo Hasse, besekelwa yizinhloko-dolobha ezahlukahlukene zaseVeracruz nase-Orizaba, basungula imboni yokuqala kabhiya ngo-1904.
Kuwo wonke ama-20th century, uchungechunge lwezinguquko emaphethini wokusetshenziswa kwabantu lwabonwa: isinkwa esimhlophe sithatha indawo ye-tortilla, i-cigars, ushukela onsundu, nobhiya we-pulque. Ngendlela efanayo, ama-cantina aya kuma-pulquerías nemigoqo eya kumathaveni. Namuhla ubhiya uyingxenye yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke. Umbhali uMarcet uthi kukhona ubhiya we-cantinera: umculo oncibilikayo nomculo ukuthi onesibindi uphenduke umkhumbi-ngwenya one-tequila. Kukhona nobhiya obenziwa ekhaya; lokhu kukhululekile futhi kwezemidlalo, ithelevishini noma komakhelwane nabasekhweni. Kunoma ikuphi, umbhali ukubheka njengegazi lesizwe.
