Yize le 1,640 m. Incane kunaleyo ye-Urique, Cobre, Sinforosa noma iBatopilas, eminye yemibono yayo mihle ngoba ukuma nkqo komhosha kungenye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu nobubanzi bayo bungenye yezincane kakhulu.
Ngendlela yokuthi imihosha efuthayo, engaphezulu kwekhilomitha elilodwa lokujula okuqondile, ilandelane ngamamitha angamakhulu ambalwa, okuthi kweminye imihosha kwenzeke ebangeni lamakhilomitha. Kufanele kungezwe ukuthi iningi leBarranca de Candameña lingaphakathi kweBasaseachi National Park.
Ungayithola kanjani
Ukuvakashela lesi sifunda kuyadingeka ukuya emphakathini omncane waseBasaseachi, osendaweni engama-279 km entshonalanga yeChihuahua, kufinyelelwa ngomgwaqo omkhulu oya eHermosillo, eSonora. Ngokuqondiswa kweBasaseachi, amabhasi asuka enhlokodolobha yombuso, yize ingatholakala futhi kusuka edolobheni laseSan Juanito, ngaseCreel, kunamakhilomitha angama-90 emigwaqweni ewubhuqu ezofakwa maduze.
I-Basaseachi, umphakathi wabantu abangaba ngu-300, unezinsizakalo ezinqunyelwe: amahhotela amabili alula, amakamelo okuqasha nezindawo zokudlela, kanye negalaji likaphethiloli. Yize inawo ugesi, ayikho insiza yocingo. Ngaphakathi kwePaki kaZwelonke kunezindawo eziningana zokukhempa, kepha kuphela lezo zePulazi laseSan Lorenzo ezinikezela ngezinsizakalo ezinhle.
Amakhilomitha angamashumi ayisithupha ngaphambi kokufika eBasaseachi yiTomochi, idolobha elinemishini nezinsizakalo ezingcono.
Imibono
Empophomeni yaseBasaseachi, indawo yokubuka etholakala lapho impophoma iwela khona iyahlaba umxhwele, ngoba inikeza amehlo ethu umbono ongajwayelekile ngale mpophoma enkulu futhi, sengathi lokho bekunganele, kulapha lapho kuzalwa khona iBarranca de Candameña uqobo. . Ukusuka lapho kwehla umzila wabavakashi, phakathi kwezindonga eziqondile zomhosha, ofinyelela ezansi kwempophoma.
Maphakathi nawo sithola umbono weLa Ventana, ekhombisa enye indawo ethakazelisayo yale mpophoma. Ukungena ku-Las Estrellas onguthelawayeka, izindawo zokubuka -e-Rancho San Lorenzo- ziphambi kwempophoma, ngaphesheya komhosha.
Indlela enokufinyelela okunzima iholela ezindaweni zokubuka zePiedra Volada phezulu kwale mpophoma, futhi lapho ungabona umhosha, ohlanganisa enye yezindawo ezijule kakhulu nezincanyana kule ndawo. Lo mbono uyakhanga njengoba unangaphambili, cishe ngamamitha angama-600 noma ama-700, udonga olukhulu olunamadwala i-El Gigante, olunqunywe ngomthofu wamamitha angaphezu kuka-700 futhi luqala ukusuka osebeni loMfula iCandameña. Ukusuka lapha kungenzeka kuphela ukubona impophoma yehla cishe ngamamitha ayi-15 ngezintambo, okufanele ukwazi kahle inqubo yokuphinda ukhumbule.
Impophoma yePiedra Volada ibonakala kuphela ngokuphelele odongeni olungaphesheya, futhi ukuze ufinyelele kulo mbono obabazekayo kuyadingeka ukungena ngemoto ovela emphakathini waseHuajumar, ushiye imoto uhambe ibanga elingaphezu kwehora ehlathini. Enye indawo lapho kungabonakala khona impophoma uMfula iCandameña. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele wehlele emfuleni usuka empophomeni yaseBasaseachi bese uhamba cishe usuku lonke lapho umfudlana iCajurichi ujoyina umfula iCandameña.
Ekugcineni, sizokhuluma ukuthi kuneminye imibono ebekwe emzileni osuka eBasaseachi uya emphakathini wezimayini wase-Ocampo, i-25 km ukusuka kweyokuqala, ezansi kweBarranca enegama elifanayo.
Izimpophoma
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, okuheha kakhulu iBarranca de Candameña ekunikeza izivakashi zayo izimpophoma zayo ezimbili ezisabekayo: iBasaseachi enempophoma engamamitha angama-246 nePiedra Volada enamamitha angama-453. Eyokuqala yaziwa kakhulu futhi ivakashelwa kakhulu kuyo yonke i-sierra futhi ingenye efinyeleleka kakhulu, ngoba ingafinyelelwa ngemoto. Kodwa-ke, impophoma enkulu kunazo zonke eCopper Canyon, nasezweni lonke, yiPiedra Volada, eyatholakala kuphela ngoSepthemba 1995. Isifufula sayo sondliwa ngamanzi omfudlana wegama elifanayo futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi phakathi nezinyanga amanzi aphansi, ukugeleza kwawo kuphansi kakhulu kangangokuba impophoma ayakheki ngokuphelele. Kungenzeka ukuyibona ngokuphelele phakathi nezinyanga zemvula, eziqala ngoJuni kuya kuSepthemba nasebusika. Zombili lezi zimpophoma zizungezwe amahlathi ophayini kanye ne-oki futhi zihlukaniswe amawa ngazinye, okuthi uma kwenzeka ePiedra Volada zidlule isigamu sekhilomitha sokuwa kwamahhala.
Endleleni ebheke e-Ocampo, idolobha lezimayini okukhulunywe ngalo ngenhla, kunempophoma encane yase-Abigail, eyehle cishe ngamamitha ayi-10. Ikhethini layo linomgodi omncane, okuvumela ukuthi ubone impophoma ngaphakathi.
Imihume
Eduze kweNkanyezi, ngaphambili kancane (ukunikela uBasaseachi, ngumhume odumile kaFather Glandorff, omunye wezithunywa zevangeli ezidume kakhulu zekhulu le-18 leminyaka uTarahumara, owathi ngokwesiko lomlomo wayehlala kule ndawo.
Esifundeni saseCandameña kunochungechunge lwemihume emincane kanye nezindawo zokukhosela zamatshe ezazinezindlu ezindala ze-adobe, ngokusobala ezazivela esikweni lasePaquimé. Lezi zinhlobo zamabhilidi zaziwa endaweni njengamaCoscomates, futhi kuneziningi zazo ezungeze ipulazi laseSan Lorenzo.
Amadolobha ezimayini
Eduze naseBasaseachi sithola i-Ocampo, iMorís, iPinos Altos ne-Uruachi, wonke lawa asalondoloze isitayela esijwayelekile samadolobha ezimayini ze-sierra anezakhiwo zangekhulu le-18 nele-19. Kula madolobha ungabona izindlu ezinkulu ezinezitezi ezimbili zensimbi enezinsimbi zazo ezenziwe ngokhuni futhi zipendwe ngemibala egqamile neqhathanisa.
I-Ocampo yasungulwa ngo-1821 lapho kutholakala izimayini eziqhubeka nokusebenza kuze kube namuhla; IMoris kwakuyidolobha lezithunywa zevangeli elaba ngumvukuzi kusukela ngo-1823 lapho lashintsha ngokuphelele ukubukeka kwalo; IPinos Altos yasungulwa ngo-1871 futhi yaduma ngoba yadlala kwesinye seziteleka zokuqala zezimayini ezweni, esacindezelwa ngodlame ngamabutho amaPorfirian; kanti i-Uruachi inomsuka wayo ngonyaka we-1736 lapho kwaqala ukuhlolwa kwezimayini zayo.
Umzila wemishini
Isifunda esihle sezindawo zokukhosela zaseBarranca de Candameña, kusukela ngesikhathi samakholoni, ezinye izithunywa zamaJesuit, phakathi kwazo kukhona: iNuestra Señora de Aranzazú de Cajurichi (Cajurichi, 1688) kanye neSantiago Yepachi (Yepachi, 1678). Lesi sakamuva sisalondoloze e-altare laso eliyinhloko uchungechunge lwemidwebo kawoyela nezinto ezenziwe ngama-altare ezisukela okungenani ngekhulu le-18.
ILa Purísima Concepción de Tomochi (iTomochi, 1688), yidolobha elidumile ngoba laqala ngo-1891 esinye seziyaluyalu ezinodlame kakhulu ngaphambi kweRevolution.
UJicamórachi unesonto lokuqala lakwa-adobe, elisukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17. Kulo mphakathi, amaNdiya aseTarahumara akhiqiza i-ceramic ebonakala kakhulu kubo.
Imifula nemifula
Kunconywa umzila woMfula iCandameña, ocebile ngamachibi, ama-rapids, izimpophoma ezincane nezindawo zobuhle obukhulu. Kuyindlela ethatha izinsuku ezine ukuya kumaminerali amadala aseCandameña, manje aseshiyiwe. Emifuleni yaseDurazno naseSan Lorenzo, abondli be-Basaseachi Waterfall, izindawo zokukhempa zigcwele.
Imikhosi yomdabu
Kulesi sifunda, umphakathi oseduze kakhulu waseTarahumara yilowo waseJicamórachi, ngaku-Uruachi. Umdabu osondele kakhulu kubantu baseBasaseachi yiYepachi, umphakathi wasePima ongu-50 km entshonalanga.
Imikhosi yomdabu ebaluleke kakhulu esifundeni yileyo egujwa ngamaPima omphakathi waseYepachi. Okugqame kakhulu okwePhasika nabaphathi. Kuyafaneleka ukuhambela le mikhosi nokuvakashela le mishini kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17.
Izimbali nezilwane
IPaki kaZwelonke inikela ngokuvikelwa nokongiwa kwenani elikhulu lezinyoni, phakathi kwazo okukhona i-coa noma ifulegi lenyoni, uhlobo olusengozini yokuqothulwa. Imihlambi yezingulube zasendle namanye amaqembu ezinyamazane ayabonakala njalo futhi, uma ubekezela, emachibini oMfula iCandameña ungabona ama-otter asemanzini ahlanzekile, kanye nama-badger nama-raccoon. Ziningi izilwane ozozazisa kule ndawo, sicela ukuthi uzihloniphe futhi ungazithandi nganoma iyiphi indlela.
