Izindawo zemivubukulo yaseCampeche

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Ukonakala kwezinye zezindawo ezivelele esifundazweni saseCampeche njenge: Becán, Calakmul, Chicaná, Edzná neXpuchil

I-Becan

Kuyisikhungo semikhosi esiqinisiwe esisendaweni yaseRio Bec. Isiza siseqophelweni elikhulu lamatshe futhi saziwa ikakhulukazi ngomsele omkhulu ozungeze ingxenye yawo enkulu. Lo msele wokufakelwa ongu-1.9 km. eside, lakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwesikhathi sangaphambi kweklasi phakathi kuka-100 no-250 BC, mhlawumbe ngenxa yezizathu zokuzivikela. Izakhiwo zayo ezinkulu zesitayela sokwakha iRio Bec nazo ziyabonakala, ikakhulukazi ezakhiwe ngesikhathi sobusuku bendawo ngasekupheleni kwesikhathi esijwayelekile, phakathi kuka-550 no-830 AD. Phakathi kwazo kukhona iSakhiwo XI, esinde kunazo zonke esizeni; Isakhiwo IV, esiyinkimbinkimbi ngokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo futhi sihlotshiswe kahle, neSouth Staircase, okungenzeka ukuthi sibanzi kunawo wonke endaweni yamaMaya.

I-Calakmul

Ngenye yamadolobha amakhulu aseMayan we-pre-classic yakudala neyakudala. Kutholakala eningizimu yeCampeche, enyakatho nePetén, ihlukaniswa ngokuba nenani elikhulu kunawo wonke lama-stelae aqoshwe, azungeze i-106. Cishe bonke banabalingiswa abagqoke ngokunethezeka abamele, mhlawumbe ababusi bendawo, abemi kubathumbi, kanye nama-glyphs asekhalendeni akhombisa isukela eminyakeni engama-500 kuya kwengu-850 AD Isiza, esake saba inhlokodolobha ebalulekile yesifunda, sithatha indawo engaba ngama-70 km2, lapho kutholakala khona izakhiwo ezingama-6,750 ezinhlobonhlobo. Phakathi kwazo, ama-acropolis amabili, inkundla yebhola namathempeli amaningi nemipiramidi, njengeSakhiwo II, itshe lesikhumbuzo elikhulu kunawo wonke endaweni futhi, kwabanye, elikhulu kunawo wonke endaweni yeMayan. Uphenyo lwakamuva luholele ekutholeni amathuna aneminikelo ecebile.

Chicana

Kuyisiza esincane esiseningizimu yeCampeche. Kuyaphawuleka ngezakhiwo zalo ezigcinwe kahle, ngesitayela sokwakha iRio Bec. Njengakwezinye izindawo zakulesi sifunda, iningi lezakhiwo zakhiwe kwakudala sekwedlule isikhathi. Isakhiwo II sithakazelisa kakhulu, sinesimo sesifihla-buso esikhulu mhlawumbe esifanekisela u-ltzamaná, unkulunkulu ongumdali wamaMayan, omelwe ngendlela yesirhubuluzi. Umnyango, phezulu kwawo okuwumugqa weminwe yamatshe amakhulu, uhambelana nomlomo; ezinhlangothini zalo imihlathi evulekile yenyoka iyakhonjiswa. Ngokomlando, noma ngubani ongena esakhiweni wayegwinywa ngunkulunkulu. Isakhiwo XXII sigcina ku-façade yaso izinsalela zokumelwa emihlathini emikhulu, emi ngaphandle emigqeni yayo yethempeli elingenhla lamamaski ngamakhala amakhulu asontekile.

I-Edzna

Kwakuyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu enkabeni yeCampeche kusihlwa sakamuva. Ngalesi sikhathi kwakhiwe ezinye izakhiwo ezingama-200, phakathi kwamapulatifomu nezakhiwo, endaweni eyi-17 km2, ikakhulukazi zisebenzisa lezo ezenziwe esikhathini sangaphambi kwesikhathi sangaphambilini. Ama-stelae amaningana anezinsuku ze-Long Count atholakale lapha, amahlanu awo atholakala phakathi kuka-672 kuya ku-810 AD. Isayithi liqukethe uhlelo lwemisele namadamu ahlinzeka ngamanzi okuphuza nokunisela, futhi angasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuxhumana. Isakhiwo sika-Edzná esaziwa kakhulu iSakhiwo Esinezitezi Ezinhlanu, inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yepiramidi nesigodlo; izitezi ezine zokuqala ziqukethe uchungechunge lwamakamelo, kowokugcina kunethempeli. Esinye isakhiwo esithandekayo yithempeli lamaMaski, elihlotshiswe ngezethulo zeLanga uNkulunkulu ezintweni zalo ezikhuphuka nezasentshonalanga.

Xpuchil

Yindawo encane eduzane naseBecán, eyaziwa kakhulu ngeBuilding 1 yeQembu 1, isibonelo esivelele sesitayela sokwakhiwa kweRio Bec esakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwesikhathi. Yize i-façade yesiza ibheke empumalanga, ingxenye egcinwe kahle kakhulu, futhi leyo evumele incazelo yezimpawu zayo, ingemuva. Isici esingajwayelekile salesi sakhiwo ukufakwa kombhoshongo wesithathu noma iphiramidi eyenziwe, kulokho okwakhiwa izakhiwo zesitayela seRio Bec ngokuvamile. Leyo mibhoshongo iqinile ngokuphelele, yakhelwe ukuhlobisa. Izinyathelo zalo zincane futhi ziwumqansa futhi amathempeli aphezulu enziwe. Amaski amathathu, ngokusobala amelelwa ama-felines, ahlobisa izitebhisi. Amathempeli alingisiwe akhombisa u-Itzamaná, uNkulunkulu onguMdali, njengenyoka yasezulwini.

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