Kule ndaba, umbhali, u-Anatole Pohorilenko, wembula imininingwane nezimfihlo zezithombe ezibunjiwe ezenziwe ngabadwebi base-Olmec ngamehlo kaPiedra Mojada, umfundi osemncane wokuqopha ...
Ngosuku lwemvula engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lesi-8 BC, i-Eye of Obsidian, umqophi omkhulu wesikhungo esikhulu semikhosi sase Ukuthengisauthathe isinqumo sokuthi sesifikile isikhathi sokufundisa Itshe elimanzi, indodana yakhe eneminyaka eyishumi nane, inqubo entsha yokubaza: ukusika itshe eliqinile ngokulisika.
Njengengxenye yesigaba senhlalo esikhethekile, udumo lwabadwebi beziqophi baseLa Venta lwadlulela ngale kwezintaba ezibhemayo entshonalanga. ELa Venta, isiko lamatshe okusebenza, ikakhulukazi i-jade, laligadiwe ngomona futhi lidluliselwa ngokucophelela lisuka kubaba laya endodaneni. Kuthiwa kuphela ababazi be-Olmec, abenza ukububula kwamatshe.
Kwaphela izinyanga ubaba wakhe efundisa iWet Stone ukuthi angawakhomba kanjani amatshe ahlukene ngokuya ngombala nobulukhuni. Wayesekwazi ukubiza i-jade, i-quartz, i -ibaite, i-obsidian, i-hematite ne-rock crystal. Noma bobabili banokuthinta okufanayo kokuluhlaza, umfana wayesekwazile ukuhlukanisa i-jade ne-serpentine, okuyidwala elithambile. Itshe lakhe alithandayo kwakungu-jade ngoba lalinzima kakhulu, lisobala futhi linikela ngama-hues ahlukile futhi amangalisayo, ikakhulukazi i-aqua eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ne-avokhado eluhlaza-ophuzi.
IJade yathathwa njengeyigugu kakhulu, njengoba yayilethwa ivela emithonjeni ekude neyimfihlo ngemali enkulu, futhi kwenziwa ngayo nezinto zokuhlobisa nezenkolo.
Ubaba womngani wakhe wayephethe la matshe ayigugu, futhi wayevame ukungabikho izinyanga eziningi.
Ukubaluleka kokuthela amanzi etsheni
Ngenxa yokuba khona kwakhe njalo eworkshop, uPiedra Mojada ukwazile ukubona ukuthi ubuciko bokudweba kahle buqukethe amandla okubona ngeso lengqondo, ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, ukubaza okuqediwe, ngoba, njengoba kusho ubaba wakhe, ubuciko bokubaza kuqukethe ukususa izingqimba zamatshe ukuveza isithombe esifihle lapho. Lapho selidatshulwe ebhulokini ngokudutshulwa, itshe elikhethiwe lahlanganiswa nethuluzi lokulinikeza isimo sokuqala, lisalukhuni. Lapho-ke, i-abrasives noma ingenawo, kuya ngetshe, yagcotshwa ngobuso obunzima futhi yalungiselelwa ukwamukela umklamo umqophi omkhulu awuveze ngethuluzi eline-quartz. Ngemuva kwalokho, kusetshenziswa umnsalo wokhuni onentambo yomucu wemicu ye-agave embozwe isihlabathi esihle noma uthuli lwe-jade, ingxenye evelele kakhulu yalokho obekuzoba isithombe siqaliwe ukusikwa, ukusikwa, ukubholwa kanye nokugcotshwa, okuthe ngobuningi babo izingcezu ze-Olmec, kuvela ukuthi yindawo lapho ikhala elibanzi lihlala khona odebeni olungaphezulu oluphendukile, kuveza umgodi omkhulu womlomo. Ngokusho kwe-Eye of Obsidian, bekubaluleke kakhulu ukuthela amanzi endaweni ezosikwa, ngaphandle kwalokho itshe liyashisa futhi lingahle liphule. Ngaleso sikhathi, iWet Stone yaqonda incazelo yangempela yegama lakhe.
Izimbobo ezifana nengaphakathi lomlomo zazenziwa kusetshenziswa izibhakela eziyize lapho umqophi aphendulela khona ngomnsalo wentambo noma ngokuzihlikihla izandla. Okuthunyelwe okuncane okwenziwe ngama-cylindrical okuholelekile kwaphulwa futhi ubuso bushelelezi. Ngezibhakela eziqinile ezingaba ngamatshe aqinile, ithambo noma ukhuni benza izimbobo ezinhle zama-lobes ne-septum; ezimweni eziningi, kwakwenziwa izimbobo ngemuva kocezu ukuze zikwazi ukulengiswa. Imiklamo yesibili efana namabhande asikiwe azungeze umlomo noma phambi kwezindlebe enziwa ngephuzu elihle le-quartz ngesandla ngokuqinile nangokuphepha. Ukuyicwebezela, i-artifact yayipholishwa kaninginingi, kungaba ngokhuni, ngamatshe noma ngesikhumba, njenge-sandpaper. Njengoba amatshe ahlukene enamazinga ahlukahlukene okukhanya, kwasetshenziswa imicu enamafutha evela kwezinye izitshalo, ngengcina yezinyosi nobulongwe belulwane. Izikhathi eziningi uPiedra Mojada wezwa ubaba wakhe exwayisa abanye ababazi emhlanganweni wokusebenzela ukuthi zonke izinto ezibukwayo ezibaziwe, ikakhulukazi izimbazo zokuvota ngenxa yomugqa wazo wejometri, kufanele zigeleze ngokuvumelana, ngokuhamba kwazo, amagagasi ngemuva kwegagasi elikhanyayo, ukuze thola umlomo omkhulu omuhle futhi owesabekayo.
Ngemuva kwesonto, bebuyela ekhaya, uPiedra Mojada waphawula kuyise wathi ukuba ngumqophi, yize kwakukhathaza kakhulu, kwakuthokozisa kakhulu njengoba kwaholela olwazini olukhulu lwetshe: ingcindezi efanelekile yokulenza, ukuma komuntu okuphendula ukupholisha, izinga lokushisa elibekezelelwa yilowo nalowo, neminye imininingwane evezwa kuphela ngeminyaka yokuxhumana okusondelene. Kepha okwakumkhathaza ukungayazi inkolo yama-Olmec, okwathi, ngokubona kwakhe, yanikeza impilo kulamatshe. Ukumqinisekisa, ubaba wakhe waphendula wathi kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi azikhathaze ngalokho, futhi wathi zonke izithombe ezibekiwe eziveza ubuqiniso be-Olmec, zombili ezibonakalayo nezingabonakali, zihlelwe zaba yimifanekiso emithathu eyisisekelo ecacile nehlukile.
Izithombe ezintathu eziyisisekelo zezithombe zika-Olmec
Isithombe sokuqala, mhlawumbe endala kunazo zonke, kwakuyi-saurian, i-zoomorph ye-reptilian eyenziwe kabusha, okwathi imelwe njenge isibankwa esinobuso obucwengekile, unxande olengayo noma iso elibunjiwe elingu- "L" kanye nohlaka olungu- "V" ekhanda. Ayinawo umhlathi ongezansi, kepha udebe lwayo olungaphezulu luhlala lubhekiswe phezulu luveza amazinyo alo ahuquzelayo futhi kwesinye isikhathi izinyo loshaka. Into enelukuluku ukuthi imilenze yabo imelwe imile sengathi yizandla zomuntu ezineminwe esakazeke eceleni. Phambilini, ikhanda lakhe kwiphrofayili lalihambisana nezimpawu ezinjengemigoqo eyeqile, imiqulu ebhekene noma izandla ezineminwe esuswe kamuva. Namuhla siqopha izinto ezimbalwa ezenziwe ngobuciko ezivela kulesi sithombe. Ukuba khona kwayo kokuqoshwa okukhulu kakhulu kwenzeka ikakhulu ezingutsheni zobuso babantwana naseqenjini eliphezulu lama "altare".
Ubuso bomntwana, noma "ubuso bengane," isithombe sesibili esiyisisekelo sobuciko buka-Olmec. Yindala njenge-reptilian zoomorphic; ubuso bomntwana, ngokombono womqophi, kunzima kakhulu ukukufeza ngoba isiko lidinga ukuthi sikwenze kusuka kumodeli ophilayo, ngoba laba bantu bangcwele enkolweni yethu futhi kubalulekile ukubamba ngokuyiqiniso zonke izici zabo zokuzalwa: amakhanda amakhulu , amehlo amile okwe-alimondi, imihlathi, isifuba eside, nemilenze emifushane, ewugqinsi. Yize bonke bebukeka befana, bakhombisa ukwehluka okucashile ngokomzimba. Ngosayizi ophathekayo, siqopha ubuso babo bube buso, kanye nobude obugcwele bokuma noma abantu abahleli phansi. Labo abami ngokuvamile bagqoka izinkalo kuphela futhi babonakala, ngokungeziwe kuzici zabo ezihlukile, ngendlela yabo yokuguqa ngamadolo. Abahlezi bavame ukugqoka kahle ezicathulweni zabo. Njengesikhumbuzo, ubuso bezingane buqoshwa emakhanda amakhulu futhi kuhlaliswe abantu abagqokiswe ngokwesiko.
Isithombe sesithathu, esisebenza kakhulu, ngu isithombe esihlanganisiwe esihlanganisa izinto ze-reptilian zoomorphnjenge- "V" esikiwe namashiya ahlukanisiwe noma amazinyo ngomzimba wobuso bosana. Okuhlukanisa lesi sithombe kusuka kwezinye ububanzi obukhethekile bekhala elisekhondweni eliphezulu liphendukele phezulu. Njengakwezinye izithombe zesilwane esihuquzelayo, le anthropomorph eyinhlanganisela kwesinye isikhathi iba nemigoqo emibili emile esuka emakhaleni kuya phansi kwendebe ephendukile. Lesi sibalo esingokwesiko, esivame ukubazwa ngobuningi, sobukhulu obuphathekayo obuphathekayo, imvamisa siphethe ithoshi noma i- “mitten”. "Yingane" evela ezingalweni zobuso bomntwana futhi, njengentsha noma umuntu omdala, ihlezi emihumeni. Ngomzimba ogcwele noma emabhasini siqopha noma sikubaze nge-jade, ngokukhululeka ezintweni ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke, amasiko nokuhlobisa. Ikhanda laso kuphrofayili linezihlukanisi njengengxenye yamabhendi endlebe nawama-buccal.
Ngemuva kokuthula okude okwalandela incazelo ka-Eye of Obsidian, umfana wase-Olmec wabuza ubaba wakhe: Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi ngelinye ilanga ngiyoba umbazi omkhulu? Yebo, kuphendula ubaba, ngosuku lapho uzokwazi ukuthola izithombe ezinhle kakhulu hhayi ekhanda lakho, kodwa ngokusuka enhliziyweni yetshe.
