IMacedonia Alcalá Theatre-Casino e-Oaxaca iyisibonelo esihle kakhulu sezakhiwo ezakhiwe eMexico ngesikhathi sikahulumeni kaGeneral Porfirio Díaz, esathatha iminyaka engaphezudlwana kwengu-30 (kusukela ngo-1876 kuya ku-1911, nokuphazanyiswa nguManuel González [1880-1884] esikhathini sikamongameli.
Ukukhula komnotho wezwe ngaleso sikhathi kwaholela emsebenzini omkhulu wokwakha owawuthonywe kakhulu yizitayela zokwakha ezemfashini eYurophu (ikakhulukazi eFrance), kusetshenziswa izindlela zesimanje kakhulu nezinto zokwakha ngaleso sikhathi: insimbi nokhonkolo, okwakusetshenziswa kusuka kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19.
Isimo esibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi zezitayela ezahlukahlukene zokwakha saziwa njenge-eclecticism. E-Oaxaca, lapho kuzalwa khona uGeneral Díaz, ezinye izakhiwo ezibalulekile zakhiwa ngalezi zici, njengokwakhiwa okuhle kakhulu okwenziwe yi-Alcalá Theatre kanye ne-Oaxaca Casino. I-façade eqoshwe enkwalini, enezakhi ze-neoclassical kanye ne-dome yombuso yamapuleti ensimbi aqeda i-engeli enkulu, i-vestibule yaseLouis XV, iCasino kanye nesiteji esikhulu sombuso, kuyimbumba ehambisanayo esabalele endaweni eyi-1,795 m2.
Ngesikhathi sivulwa, lesi sakhiwo sehlukaniswe iminyango emine emikhulu: indawo yokwamukela izivakashi, ihholo, isiteji neCasino, enamagumbi ephathi ayo, ukufunda, amabhiliyade, imidlalo yamakhadi, ama-dominoes, i-chess ne-bar. Futhi ibinamagceke angaphandle okuhweba angaphandle, njengamanje ahlala kwiState Newspaper Library neMiguel Cabrera Art Gallery.
Indawo yokwamukela izivakashi eyakhiwe kahle nenhle inezitebhisi ezimhlophe zemabula kanye nomfanekiso wokunqoba kobuciko ophahleni, osayinwe ngu-Albino Mendoza. Lo mdwebi nabazalwane baseValencian uTarazona noTrinidad Galván, abadwebi abakhulu besikhathi sabo, benza umhlobiso wesakhiwo.
Igumbi linezinhlobo ezinhlanu zezihlalo futhi linamandla okuthamela izibukeli ezingama-800. Indawo yesiteji ingu-150 m2.
Ikhethini lomlomo liveza ukudwetshwa kwendawo yezinganekwane zamaGrikhi neParthenon neMount Parnassus; Phakathi kwamafu ungabona inqola ka-ApoIo idonswa ngamahhashi amane anomoya futhi iqondiswa nguGloria, futhi nxazonke zayo, ama-muses ayisishiyagalolunye, ngalinye linomthelela wokuhweba kwabo.
Ophahleni lwegumbi kunezithombe zikaMoliere, uCalderón de Ia Barca, uJuan Ruiz de Alarcón, uVíctor Hugo, uShakespeare, uVerdi, uRacine, uBeethoven noWagner, abalingiswa abakhulu bobuciko obubabazekayo. Umdwebo ophakathi ophahleni nesibani akuwona owasekuqaleni. Ngo-Agasti 7, 1904, uMbusi u-Emilio Pimentel wabeka itshe lokuqala ngakwesokunene somnyango omkhulu wokungena. Inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, okwakhiwa kwayo kwakuphethe unjiniyela wezempi uRodolfo Franco, yavulwa ngobukhazikhazi ngoSepthemba 5, 1909. Igama layo lokuqala kwakunguTeatro Casino Luis Mier y Terán, ukuhlonipha ujenene wasePorfirian owayephethe u-Oaxaca, isithombe sakhe esivela e-Ia ingxenye emaphakathi ye-arch yesiteji. Ngesikhathi seNguquko, waguqulwa waba nguJesús Carranza, igama aligcina kwaze kwaba ngo-1933 lapho kwavunyelwana khona ngokumbiza ngokuthi uMacedonia Alcalá ukukhumbula umbhali wendabuko "uNkulunkulu Akaze Afe", iculo eliyiqiniso lika-Oaxaca. Isici esenza i-Alcalá ikhetheke ukuhlobisa okubabazekayo kwangaphakathi okubandakanya ukwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo, izinsimbi zomculo, izingelosi, ama-piston, imiqulu, njll., Kusatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amakamelo, enziwe ngobuciko ngokhuni, ngopulasitela nangepapier-mâché.
Ngeshwa akuyona yonke le mihlobiso emnandi esesimweni esihle, ngoba phakathi nayo yonke iminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili isakhiwo esihle sisebenze njengendawo yokuhlelwa kwama-classics, ama-opera nama-zarzuelas, kanye ne-vaudeville, izivivinyo ezifingqiwe ku-Revolution, imikhosi ye-banal, ukuthweswa iziqu ezikoleni, imicimbi yezepolitiki, imidlalo yesibhakela, i-wrestling, futhi ibuye yasetshenziswa njengendawo yamamaki kanye ne-cinema. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okwahlukahlukene kudale umonakalo omkhulu ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zesakhiwo, kanye nokunganaki, umswakama kanye nesenzo esonakalisayo sezinambuzane, izinyoni, amagundane kanye nabantu abangenankinga, ngendlela yokuthi abalingisi nomphakathi babe sengozini.
I-arch eyinhloko yesithangami nokubunjwa kophahla, ngokwesibonelo, iveze ushintsho olukhulu lwamandla adonsela phansi akwazi ukubangela ukuwa nokuwa kuleyo ndawo, lapho iTheatre yavalwa khona ngo-1990.
Umdwebo ophahleni ophakathi nendawo ehholo elikhulu wabhujiswa ngo-1937 ngusomabhizinisi owayewusebenzisa njenge-cinematograph. Ifenisha yaseCasino nayo isinyamalele, lapho ngaphezu kwalokho iminyango, amafasitela nezitebhisi kuveza ukuwohloka okuthuthukile.
Ngenhlanhla, yize ingxenye enkulu yomhlobiso ilahlekile, emakamelweni amaningana kunezinsalela ezanele zokwakha kabusha izinhlelo zokuhlobisa, ngenxa yokuthi balalela amaphethini aphindaphindiwe avumela ukukhiqizwa kwawo. Ngokunikezwa kokubaluleka okukhulu nobuciko bezobuciko bendawo ebabazekayo, izinqubo zokulondolozwa nokongiwa kwemvelo kumele ziqaphele kakhulu ukuthi zingathinti imisindo nezinye izinto.
Kwaqondiswa uMnyango Wezokuvakasha, ngonyaka we-1993 kwathathwa izinyathelo zokonga nokugcina isakhiwo sisesimweni esihle sonke, umsebenzi lapho kubanjwa khona ochwepheshe bezinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Indlela yobuchwepheshe, yobuhle kanye nomlando wokugcwaliseka kwale misebenzi ilawulwa ukulondolozwa okungaguquki kwezimpawu zezinto zokuqala.
Umqondisi wale misebenzi, umdwebi wezakhiwo uMartín Ruiz Camino, uqinisekisa ukuthi imihlobiso yoqobo ihlonishwe futhi yalondolozwa ngangokunokwenzeka, kushintshwa izingcezu ezenze umonakalo ongalungiseki noma okwaba yingozi enkulu.
Kwezinye izingxenye, ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, kwakudingeka ukuthi esikhundleni se-papier-mâché kufakwe i-fiberglass ne-polyester, kuthathwe isikhunta ezingxenyeni zokuqala.
Enye into ethakazelisa kakhulu ukubuyiselwa kwedome eqeda i-engela eyinhloko yamakhothasi futhi inikeze indawo uhlamvu olukhulu lweplastiki kanye nesithunzi sokwakha.Le dome ihlelwe ngamacwecwe eshidi eligxiliwe ngesimo sezikali, elihlanganiswe ngokusikeka okokusebenza okufanayo kanye nama-rivets ahambisanayo asekelwa kuzimele zensimbi ezinabavimbi bensimbi. Ama-facade, anezithombe ezinhle kakhulu, abuye abuyiselwa, ahlanganisa futhi abuyisela izingcezu zamatshe ezenziwe buthakathaka isenzo sezici zemvelo.
Ingaphandle lophahla lwesakhiwo lalungiswa ngokuphelele, kanye nokufakwa kukagesi kwegumbi kanye nezinhlelo ze-hydraulic nezokuhlanzeka. Ngokunjalo, phansi nopende, kulungiswe i-cyclorama, amakhethini, amakhethini nemishini yesithangami; kwafakwa ukhaphethi omusha kwafakwa namakhethini egumbini lokuphumula. Ekugcineni, ukuvimbela umonakalo ongaphezulu, ingxenye enkulu kadoti yakhishwa, kwasala indawo yomoya futhi ihlanzekile. Ngemuva kokuchitha iminyaka eminingana egxile futhi enza imisebenzi eshiwo ngenhla, i-Alcalá Theatre ivula iminyango yayo emphakathini futhi. Imisebenzi eseqhulwini edingekayo ukuze iTheatre isebenze ngokuphepha isiqediwe, kepha kuningi okusamele kwenziwe.
Indawo yokuqala yaseCasino (ehlala iminyaka eminingi yinyunyana) kumanxiwa njengamanje, ilinde ukubuyiselwa okuphuthumayo. Lapho sesisindisiwe, lesi sikhala singasetshenziselwa imnyuziyamu yaseshashalazini e-Oaxaca noma isikhungo sokufundisa esinamagumbi omculo, amavidiyo, izingqungquthela, isitolo sezincwadi, umtapo wezincwadi kanye nendawo yokudlela. Ukubuyiselwa okuphelele kweMacedonia Alcalá Theatre-Casino kumele umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu emphakathini. Kuphela ngokuhlangana kwayo yonke imikhakha yezenhlalo lapho kuzokwazi khona ukwenza umsebenzi wokubuyisa izindawo zabo zamasiko ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuciko nokuzilibazisa okunempilo kwemindeni nezivakashi zase-Oaxacan. Izakhamizi ezizibophezele ekuvikeleni le ndawo ebalulekile sezivele zithathe izinyathelo zokuqala: zisungule ukuxhasa lo msebenzi, izinkampani eziningana zisebenzisane nezinsizakusebenza, abaculi abaziwayo banikele ngomsebenzi wabo kanti uHulumeni Wombuso uhlinzeke ngezinsizakusebenza nezinsizakusebenza. abantu.
IMacedonia Alcalá Theatre-Casino yase-Oaxaca ingumsebenzi omuhle kakhulu lapho ukusebenzisana kwe-harmonic kwezobuciko, izinkondlo, umculo, umdanso, ukudweba nokubaza kuvezwe khona, kuqoqwe ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ePorfirismo edolobheni lapho kuzalwa khona uGeneral Díaz. , i-protagonist eyinhloko yomlando waseMexico ngesikhathi sakhe.
Umthombo: IMexico ngesikhathi esingu-5 Febhuwari-Mashi 1995
