Impucuko ephawulekayo yePaquimé, ehlala ezweni lamanje Idolobha Lomlingo de Casas Grandes, ingenye yengcebo enkulu yokuvubukula neyomlando yaseMexico. Sikumema ukuba wazi lesi siko nedolobha laseChihuahuan elithokozisayo laseCasas Grandes ngalo mhlahlandlela ophelele.
1. Likuphi leli dolobha?
ICasas Grandes iyinhloko kamasipala waseChihuahuan onegama elifanayo emkhakheni osenyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe laseChihuahua emngceleni weSonora. IMagic Town isemngceleni nomasipala baseChihuahuan baseJanos, Nuevo Casas Grandes, Galeana, Ignacio Zaragoza naseMadera; entshonalanga yiSonora. ICasas Grandes iseduze kwendawo evelele yemivubukulo yasePaquimé namakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka edolobheni laseNuevo Casas Grandes; idolobha laseChihuahua lisendaweni engama-300 km.
2. Lavela kanjani idolobha?
Ngenkathi umhloli wamazwe waseSpain uFrancisco de Ibarra namadoda akhe befika kule ndawo ngekhulu le-16, bamangala ukuthola izakhiwo zangaphambi kweColombia ezinemigangatho engu-7 futhi babuza ukuthi leyo ndawo ibizwa ngani. Abomdabu baphendula bathi "Paquimé", kepha u-Ibarra wakhetha igama lendabuko ngokwengeziwe futhi wabhapathiza indawo njengoCasas Grandes. Ngekhulu le-18th, inani labantu laba isikhungo esikhulu sasemadolobheni esifundeni, ngesikhundla seHhovisi leMeya. Ngo-1820, isifunda saseCasas Grandes saphakanyiselwa kumasipala kwathi ngo-1998 i-UNESCO yamemezela indawo yokuvubukula yasePaquimé iNdawo yamaGugu Omhlaba.
3. Luhlobo luni lwesimo sezulu iCasas Grandes enalo?
Isimo sezulu seCasas Grandes sipholile futhi somile ngenxa yokuphakama kwayo okungamamitha ayi-1,453 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, imvelo eyihlane kanye nemvula eyindlala. Isilinganiso sokushisa saminyaka yonke singu-17 ° C, esikhuphukela ku-25 noma ku-26 ° C ezinyangeni zasehlobo zenyakatho yezwe bese sehla saya ku-8 ° C ngenkathi yobusika. Indawo yaseChihuahuan ijwayele ukweqisa kwesimo sezulu; Phakathi kukaJuni noJulayi ukushisa okungama-35 ° C kungafinyelelwa eCasas Grandes yize iphakeme intaba. Ngendlela efanayo, ngesikhathi sasebusika bangazizwa bebanda eduze kwamadijithi angu-zero Celsius; ngakho izibikezelo zakho zokugqoka zizoncika enyangeni yohambo lwakho.
4. Yikuphi okuheha kakhulu eCasas Grandes?
ICasas Grandes iyisihlalo esikhulu saseMexico senkambiso yePaquimé ethokozisayo, isikhathi sayo esithuthuke kakhulu enyakatho yeMexico futhi ukuvakashelwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukwenziwa ePueblo Mágico yindawo yayo yemivubukulo kanye nomnyuziyamu wesiza sayo. Isifunda saseCasas Grandes sasetshenziswa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 leminyaka ukusungulwa kwamadolobha amaMormon, amabili kuwo anamasampula amasiko athakazelisayo asindile: iColonia Juárez neColonia Dublán. Eduze kweCasas Grandes neNuevo Casas Grandes (idolobha lanamuhla) kukhona izindawo zomlando, ezokuvakasha kanye nezintshisekelo zemivubukulo, njengeCueva de la Olla, iCueva de la Golondrina, iJanos Biosphere Reserve kanye nedolobha laseMata. I-Ortiz.
5. Lavela kuphi futhi nini isiko lePaquimé?
Isiko lePaquimé laqala ukuthuthuka cishe ngekhulu lesi-8 ngemuva kukaKristu, e-Oasisamérica, indawo yangaphambi kweColombia phakathi kwenyakatho yeMexico naseningizimu ye-United States. Isisho esifanelekile sale mpucuko yasendulo esilondoloziwe sitholakala endaweni yemivubukulo yasePaquimé, eduze kwaseCasas Grandes. Ngesikhathi sakhe, isiko lePaquimé lalithuthuke kakhulu enyakatho yezwekazi laseMelika, lathola ubukhazikhazi balo obukhulu phakathi konyaka we-1060 nowe-1340 AD. Abavubukuli abakwazanga ukuthola izimbangela zokwehla kwalesi siko esithuthukile, esenzeka ngaphambi kokufika kwabanqobi baseSpain.
6. Yini into evelele kakhulu ngempucuko yasePaquimé?
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zesiko lePaquimé yilezo zobumba balo nezakhiwo zalo. Basebenza ngobumba ngobuciko nangekhono; izitsha ezihlotshisiwe zinobuso, imizimba, izibalo zezilwane nezinye izinto zemvelo yazo. Bakha izindlu ezinezitezi eziningi, nezinhlelo zokuhambisa amanzi nezindawo zokushisa. Umkhiqizo oyinhloko wobumba lwabo kwakuyizimbiza zobumba, lapho babehlanganisa ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo nokwenziwa kwezingcezu zokuhlobisa. Izingcezu ze-ceramic ezimele kakhulu zesiko lePaquimé zitholakala emnyuziyamu wesayithi nakumamyuziyamu aseMelika.
7. Ikuphi ncamashi indawo yemivubukulo yasePaquimé?
Indawo yokuvubukula yasePaquimé itholakala kumasipala waseCasas Grandes, eduze komthombo womfula wegama elifanayo phansi kweSierra Madre Occidental. Ngokuphikisana nezindawo eziningi zemivubukulo zaseMexico, ezibonakala ngamaphiramidi nezinye izakhiwo ezinde, iPaquimé kwakuyisiza sezindlu ze-adobe zokwakhiwa kwe-labyrinthine, nezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuphakelwa kwamanzi kanye namakamelo okugcina izilwane ezingaphandle nezisetshenziswayo. Amanxiwa ePaquimé akha ubufakazi obuhle bokwakhiwa kwe-adobe ngesikhathi sayo eMelika, zombili izindlela zokwakha ezithuthukisiwe kanye nezinto ezengeziwe zokunethezeka kwabakhileyo.
8. Ingabe zikhona ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ePaquimé?
I-urbanism yePaquimé ihlukaniswa yizinto eziningana ezihlabayo. Yize ingaphenywa futhi ingaphenywa ngaphezu kwama-25% wamahektha ayo angama-36, ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi yayinamakamelo angaphezu kuka-2 000 kanye nezakhamizi ezingaba ngu-10 000 ngesikhathi sayo. Indlu yamaGuacamayas ithola lelo gama ngoba ama-macaws ayi-122 angcwatshwe ngaphansi kwesitezi sayo, okukhombisa ukuthi lenyoni yayiyisilwane esibalulekile esikweni lasePaquimé. ICasa de los Hornos iqoqo lamakamelo ayi-9 anezimbobo obekufanele zisetshenziselwe ukupheka i-agave. Indlu Yezinyoka yayakhiwe ngamakamelo angama-24 namanye amakamelo, isethi eyayisetshenziselwa ukukhulisa izimfudu nama-macaw.
9. Yini engiyibona emnyuziyamu?
UMnyuziyamu Wezamasiko Asenyakatho, obizwa nangokuthi iPaquimé Cultural Center, usezindaweni zemivubukulo yasePaquimé futhi wavulwa ngo-1996 esakhiweni esingaphansi komhlaba futhi wahlanganiswa ngokuvumelanayo nemvelo yasehlane kanye nezinsalela zamasiko. Umklami womklami uMario Schjetnan waklonyeliswa eBuenos Aires Architecture Biennial ngo-1995. Lesi sakhiwo sinemigqa yesimanjemanje futhi sinamathambeka namarampu afakwe kamnandi emvelweni. Lo mbukiso unezicucu ezingaba ngu-2 000 zesiko lasePaquimé nezinye izizwe zasenyakatho yangaphambi kweSpanishi, kufaka phakathi izinto zobumba, izinto zokulima nezinto ezahlukahlukene, kanye namamephu, ama-diorama namamodeli okusiza ukuqonda komphakathi.
10. Yini e-Cueva de la Olla?
Cishe ngama-50 km. Kusuka eCasas Grandes, kunesiza semivubukulo se-paquimé ngaphakathi komhume, isakhiwo saso esivelele kakhulu isitsha esikhulu esiyindilinga esime njengebhodwe. Kuyi-cuexcomate, inqolobane eyindilinga enepulani eyindilinga, evame ukwakhiwa ngodaka notshani, ebisetshenziswa esikhathini esedlule ukugcina okusanhlamvu kungena lutho futhi kungenazilwane. Isiza sinamakamelo ayi-7 ngaphakathi komgede kanti nomphakathi owakhelene nale ndawo usebenzise imbiza engamamitha ayisishiyagalombili, imbiza emise amakhowe ukugcina ummbila namathanga, kanye nembewu ye-epazote, amaranth, umhluzi kanye nezinye.
11. Yini ukubaluleka kweCueva de la Golondrina?
Enye indawo yokuthakazelelwa kwemivubukulo, etholakala emhosheni ofanayo lapho iCueva de la Olla ikhona, ngaphansi kwamamitha angama-500 ukusuka kuyo, yiCueva de la Golondrina. Ngawo-1940, iqembu laseMelika lokwakheka komhlaba lamba imithombo eminingana ukuze kubhalwe izingqimba zamatshe eCueva de la Golondrina. Le mithombo yambulwa kwathi ngo-2011, abacwaningi abavela eMexico National Institute of Anthropology and History abafunda ngale ndawo, bathola iphansi le-adobe elakhiwa ngekhulu le-11, kanye nobunye ubufakazi obufana nobumba nezidumbu ezigqunyiwe. AbaseMelika babekhiphe ngesisekelo sokutholakele kwabo ukuthi lo mhume kwakuhlalwa kuwo esikhathini sangaphambi kobumba, kepha lokhu kutholakala kwakamuva kubukeka kuguqula lo mbono.
12. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi iColonia Juárez ibe khona?
Ukugqugquzela ukuhlala nokuthuthuka kwezifunda ezisenyakatho, phakathi nasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye nasekuqaleni kwamashumi amabili, uhulumeni waseMexico wakhuthaza ukusungulwa kwamakholoni ezindaweni eziqhelile ngabokufika benkolo kaMormoni. Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi, isibonelo esihle kakhulu sekoloni esilondolozwe eChihuahua yiSonto likaJesu Kristu Lama-Latter-day Saints, yiColonia Juárez, ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayi-16. weCasas Grandes. Ngokwesiko bekuyidolobha elikhuluma izilimi ezimbili endaweni yaseMexico, elinikezelwe emapulazini alo obisi kanye nasekutshalweni kwamapentshisi nama-apula. EColonia Juárez ithempeli lalo lesimanje lamaMormon liyakufanelekela ukunconywa; i-Academia Juárez, isakhiwo sezakhiwo samaVictoria esakhiwe ngo-1904; iJurezrez Museum, ebekelwe isiko lamaMormon; kanye ne-Family History Center, inhlangano yocwaningo lozalo esebenza ekhaya lama-Victorian kusuka ngo-1886.
13. Yini e-Colonia Dublán?
Elinye lamadolobha ambalwa asindile asungulwe amaMormon endaweni yaseMexico yiColonia Dublán, esemnyango wedolobha laseNuevo Casas Grandes, amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka eMagic Town of Casas Grandes. Leli koloni belilahlekelwa yiphrofayili yalo kaMormoni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba lingene edolobheni laseMexico, ngokungafani neColonia Juárez, lapho amasiko amaMormon ekhona kakhulu. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-100 edlule, abahlali abangamaMormon baseDublán bakha ichibi lezinhloso zezolimo. Umzimba omuhle wamanzi uvame ukuhambela imisebenzi ye-ecotourism futhi uyaqhubeka nokuba ngumthombo wokunisela ipentshisi nezinye izihlahla zezithelo edolobheni. Yamukela igama likaLaguna Fierro ngesiqephu somlando onelukuluku.
14. Siyini lesi siqephu esingokomlando?
Amadolobha asenyakatho neChihuahua asakhumbula kabi uRodolfo Fierro, umphathi jikelele waseVillista owaba ngumphathi-sikhulu omkhulu wasePancho Villa. UFierro wayengumbulali weziboshwa kanti kuthiwa kwesinye isikhathi wabulala abangama-300 babo, ebazingela ngemuva kokubanika ithuba lokweqa. Lo jenene ononya ushonele esiqeshini esibuhlungu eLaguna de Dublán, manje esaziwa ngokuthi yiLaguna Fierro. Kuthiwa wazama ukuwela ichibi elinomthwalo osindayo wegolide waze wacwila ngawo, waminza. E-Dublán naseNuevo Casas Grandes kunenganekwane yokuthi i-banshee kaGeneral Fierro ihlasela leli chibi ngobusuku obuvaliwe.
15. Injani iJanos Biosphere Reserve?
Lesi simiso semvelo sasemathafeni asenyakatho neChihuahua samenyezelwa njengeNdawo Yokubalekela Izilwane Zasendle ngo-1937 nguMongameli uLázaro Cárdenas futhi muva nje sike saqokwa njengendawo yokulondoloza imvelo ehlukahlukene kusukela ekonakaleni ebikuthola. Isakhamuzi esiyinhloko salesi siqiwi yinja yasendle, uhlobo olutholakale ngokubaluleka kwayo ukugcina umhlaba ungenazitshalo ezinamapulangwe, okuncoma ukuthuthukiswa kokudla kwemfuyo. Ezinye izakhamuzi zaseJanos yi-ferret enezinyawo ezimnyama, eyacishe yashabalala, futhi ukuphela komhlambi wezinyathi ohlala eMexico.
Yini evelele kuMata Ortiz?
Amakhilomitha angama-35. Kusuka eCasas Grandes yidolobha laseJuan Mata Ortiz, umphakathi esifundeni ogcina kahle isiko lobuciko lePaquimé emsebenzini wobumba. UJuan Mata Ortiz wayeyisosha laseChihuahuan elaliphumelela ekulweni nama-Apache futhi wafa ehlaselwa yiwo. I-Mata Ortiz ceramics iyaziwa ezweni lonke nasemhlabeni jikelele ngobuhle bayo nomoya wamasiko wePaquimé enqubeni yabo yokucacisa. Ukutakulwa kwaleli siko lobuciko kwaholwa ngumbumbi waseChihuahuan uJuan Quezada Celado, owanikezwa Umklomelo Kazwelonke Wezobuciko Namasiko Wango-1999. IMata Ortiz yindawo ekahle yokuthola ucezu lwe-ceramic oluhlobisa njengememori engalibaleki yohambo lwakho oluya eCasas Grandes.
17. Kuyini ukudla okujwayelekile kwamaCasas Grandes?
Ubuciko bokupheka beCasas Grandes buhlukaniswa noshizi, amakhekhe, ushizi wekotishi neminye imikhiqizo yobisi, ephakathi kokuhamba phambili esifundazweni saseChihuahua. NjengamaChihuahuas afanelekile, amaCasagrandense mahle kakhulu ekulungiseleleni ukusikeka kwabo kwenyama, kokubili okuthambile nokomile. Esinye isidlo esidume kakhulu edolobheni ukuba sicishe sibe uphawu yisinkwa senyama yengulube. Amapentshisi anamanzi nezinye izithelo ezivunwa emakoloni amaMormon aseJurez kanye naseDublán kuyisilonda kulwanga, kanye nojusi wabo namaswidi akhishwe.
18. Yimiphi imikhosi ephambili edolobheni?
Imikhosi emikhulu kule ndawo yenzeka eNuevo Casas Grandes, ebaluleke kunazo zonke kube yilowo onikezelwe ku-Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal, umgcini wosanta wedolobha, ogujwa engxenyeni yesibili kaNovemba. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi kuba nomkhosi wesifunda kakolweni futhi ngesonto lesibili likaSepthemba kukhona imikhosi yesikhumbuzo sokusungulwa kwedolobha. Omunye umcimbi othole udumo yiCasas Grandes - Columbus Binational Parade, ekhumbula ukuthathwa kukaColumbus ngamabutho ePancho Villa. Ngezinsuku eziyi-10 zikaJulayi, kubanjwa uMkhosi weNueva Paquimé, ngemicimbi yendabuko, yobuciko namasiko.
19. Ngingahlala kuphi?
IHotel Dublan Inn itholakala e-Avenida Juárez eNuevo Casas Grandes futhi inamakamelo angama-36, aziwa ngamakamelo ayo avulekile futhi anethezekile nangokuhlanzeka kwayo endaweni elula. IHhotela Hacienda, futhi elise-Avenida Juárez, 2 km. ukusuka enkabeni yeNuevo Casas Grandes, inezingadi ezinhle, ubukhazikhazi ogwadule, futhi iphaka isidlo sasekuseni esihle. ICasas Grandes Hotel iyindawo yokuhlala ethule, enezinsizakalo eziyisisekelo, esebenza esakhiweni esifana naleso samamotela wango-1970.
20. Ngingaya kuphi ukuyodla?
Idolobha laseNuevo Casas Grandes, elincikene nedolobha laseCasas Grandes, libuye libe nezindawo zokudlela ezithile lapho ungadla khona kahle. IPompeii inemenyu ehlukahlukene kakhulu, ene-turkey, ukusikeka kwenyama nenhlanzi. Indawo yokudlela iMalmedy iyindlu yesitayela yaseYurophu enikezela ukudla kwamazwe omhlaba. URancho Viejo ugxile kuma-steaks futhi uneziphuzo eziningi ezihlukene. Ezinye izinketho yiCoctelería Las Palmas, Algremy, Cielito Lindo kanye no-360 ° Cocina Urbana.
Ukulungele ukwazi isiko lePaquimé, esinye sezigqaja zaseMexico? Yiba nesikhathi esimnandi ohambweni lwakho lokuya eCasas Grandes!
