Umnyuziyamu ukwazi ngokugcwele umlingiswa wobuciko obaluleke kunabo bonke besifazane we EMexico.
Kungani imnyuziyamu kaFrida Kahlo?
UFrida Kahlo ungumculi odume kakhulu waseMexico emlandweni futhi ungomunye ofanele kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Imidwebo yakhe, ikakhulukazi imidwebo yakhe, ithole ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba kobuciko obuphambili futhi yanikeza udumo eminyuziyamu, ezikhungweni nakubaqoqi abazimele abangabanikazi bayo.
Kepha uFrida wayengumuntu ovelele obedlula umsebenzi wakhe wobuciko, ngenxa yesimo sakhe sengqondo ngempilo, indlela yakhe yokugqoka nokuzilungisa, ubudlelwane bakhe obushubile noDiego Rivera kanye nebhadi ngenxa yepoliyo kanye nengozi yomgwaqo ehlasimulisayo ahlangabezana nayo ngo-1925 , lapho eneminyaka engu-18 kuphela ubudala.
UFrida Kahlo uyisithonjana sikazwelonke futhi umnyuziyamu wakhe uvumela abantu baseMexico kanye nezivakashi zakwamanye amazwe ukuthi basondele empilweni nasemsebenzini wophawu lweMexico.
Isebenza kuphi iMnyuziyamu iFrida Kahlo?
UFrida Kahlo wazalelwa futhi washonela endlini eseCoyoacán esekhoneni leLondon nase-Allende, ebizwa ngeBlue House, okuyikhaya lomnyuziyamu ophethe igama lomculi.
Lapho uFrida wamnika imivimbo yokuqala futhi wakwazi ukuqhubeka nokudweba okugoqele phansi, umzimba wakhe wabhujiswa yingozi, ngenkathi engena egumbini lokuhlinzwa kaninginingi, waze waqoqa ukungenelela okungama-32.
Yize wayehlala ezindaweni eziningi ngemuva komshado wakhe noGeorge Rivera ongadumile kangako, uFrida wayehlala njalo ecabanga ukuthi ikhaya lakhe leqiniso kwakuyiCasa Azul futhi abuyele kulo noma nini lapho engenza khona.
Le ndlu yakhiwa ngabazali bakaFrida ngo-1904 kanti kuyabangwa ukuthi yayihlale ipendwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yini. Okungenani uFrida wawupenda lowo mbala kumdwebo wakhe ka-1936 kawoyela Ugogo nomkhulu wami, abazali bami nami.
Yiziphi izikhala eziyinhloko zeBlue House?
ILa Casa Azul inengadi ngaleso sikhathi eyayihlotshiswe yizithandani zaseRivera-Kahlo ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-cacti, kufaka phakathi ama-nopales, ama-magueys nama-biznagas. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwahlwanyelwa ezinye izihlahla manje ezibeka indawo endaweni ngendlela ethokomele.
Kwelinye ikona lensimu kunepiramidi eyalelwa ukuthi yakhiwe nguGeorge Rivera ngenkathi kwenziwa ukunwetshwa kweBlue House ukuze kuhlaliswe usopolitiki waseRussia uLeón Trotsky.
Iphiramidi enamazinga amathathu nesitebhisi esigudla ngobunye bobuso baso, sasihlotshiswe ngezinto zomoya wangaphambi kweSpanishi, njengezingebhezi ezibaziweyo ze-basalt nezicucu zemivubukulo.
I-Estudio de la Casa Azul yaklanywa ngo-1944 ngumdwebi nomdwebi waseMexico uJuan O'Gorman futhi igcina iqoqo lezinto zomsebenzi kaFrida nezinye izingcezu ukuvubukula eqoqwe yizithandani. Phakathi kwezinsimbi zomculo ezidlula ezandleni zomdwebi kubalwa amabhulashi akhe nesibuko abezisebenzisa ukuziveza.
Ekamelweni lakhe lokulala likaFrida, isikhala esiningi sihlala embhedeni wamapulangwe amane, okukhona kuwo imaski yokufa yomculi, eyenziwe umdwebi waseDurango u-Ignacio Asúnsolo.
Ophahleni lombhede kunesibuko esifakwe nguDoña Matilde Calderón, umama kaFrida, ukwenza lula umsebenzi womdwebi ngemuva kwengozi.
IBlue House Kitchen iphelelwe yisikhathi futhi igcwele izingcezu zobuciko bendabuko obuqoqwe nguFrida noDiego. Lezi zithandani bezithanda ukulungisa izitsha zazo zaseMexico ngendlela yakudala, nezinkuni zokubasa, yize izitofu zikagesi bese zivele zikhona.
Igumbi lokudlela laseCasa Azul ligcinwe njengoba izithandani zaseRivera-Kahlo zilishiyile, zinamagumbi okugcina izinkuni, ama-papier-mâché judas nezinye izingcezu zobuciko obudumile ezisetshenziswa yizihlobo ukuhlobisa isikhala.
Yimiphi imisebenzi esemqoka kaFrida eqoqweni laphakade lomnyuziyamu?
Emnyuziyamu waseFrida Kahlo ungawuthola umsebenzi wakhe Isithombe sikababa wami uGuillermo Kahlo. UCarl Wilhelm Kahlo, ubaba kaFrida, ogama lakhe linguSpanishi u-Guillermo, wayengumthwebuli zithombe waseJalimane owahlala eMexico ngo-1891.
Emfanekisweni odwetshwe yindodakazi yakhe, uMnu. Kahlo ubonakala egqoke isudi ensundu, egqoke amadevu aminyene futhi ekhombisa ngemuva kwekhamera aziphilisa ngayo estudiyo asifaka eMexico City.
Yize lo mfanekiso ungadalwanga, kuyaziwa ukuthi wawusukhona ngo-1951, njengoba kubonakala esithombeni sikaFrida esathathwa ngesikhathi kunengxoxo nephephandaba Yini entsha.
Mayelana nezikhala ezithile zokwaziswa emsebenzini kaFrida Kahlo, kufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi umculi uzuze udumo eminyakeni embalwa ngemuva kokufa kwakhe.
Omunye umsebenzi kaFrida emnyuziyamu ngu Umkhaya wami, uwoyela awushiya engawuqedanga futhi asebenze kuwo ezigabeni ezehlukene, kufaka phakathi ngo-1954, ngaphambi nje kokuba ashone.
Eshadini lomndeni elinesakhiwo somuthi wozalo, ogogo nomkhulu bakaFrida abane bavela engxenyeni engenhla, maphakathi nabazali bakhe nasengxenyeni engezansi kukhona odadewabo abathathu, yena, abashana bakhe abathathu nengane engaziwa.
UFrida noKesariya Kungumdwebo ongakapheli kawoyela osuka ku-1931 oqukethe izimpawu ezimangazayo, ngoba okunye ukukhungatheka okukhulu komculi bekungakwazi ukuthola ingane, ngisho nangesikhathi sokubeletha, ngenxa yengozi yakhe, yize aphuphunyelwa yizisu kabili. Lo mdwebo wenziwa ngo-1931, unyaka owodwa ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesisu okokuqala nangu-6 ngemuva kwengozi.
Futhi kuseBlue House Phila impilo, umdwebo owaziwa kakhulu kawoyela onamakhabe kaFrida lowo umdwebi awubiza ngokuthi futhi wabhalwa izinsuku eziyi-8 ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ngo-1954.
Ngokufanayo, kukhonjiswa emnyuziyamu Impilo emile, umsebenzi osuka ngo-1942 owathunywa ngumongameli we-republic, u-Manuel Camvila Camacho, wokuhlobisa igumbi lokudlela lendlu yokuhlala esemthethweni, kodwa owenqatshwa ngunkosikazi kamongameli, ewuthatha njengowubukhazikhazi futhi ongqongqo.
Ngabe kukhona ezinye izinto emnyuziyamu ezixhunyaniswe nempilo kaFrida?
Kunamawashi amabili enziwe eBarrio de La Luz, UPuebla, okwangenelelwa ngobuciko nguFrida nalapho athola khona umfanekiso wobuhlobo bakhe obabushubile noDiego Rivera.
Ewashini elingakwesobunxele, uFrida ubhekisa ekhefini lakhe noRivera ngegama elithi “Amahora abekade ephukile. 1939 Septhemba ”Ewashini elingakwesokudla libhekisela endaweni, usuku nesikhathi sokubuyisana nenkulumo ethi“ ESan Francisco California. Disemba 8, 40 ngehora leshumi nanye "
Usomabhizinisi waseMelika uNelson Rockefeller unikeze uFrida iphaseli elenzelwe ngokukhethekile abantu abanezinkinga zemoto, eliseBlue House.
Okunye okukhonjiswa emnyuziyamu kukhona iqoqo lezimvemvane elinikezwe uFrida ngumbazi waseMelika u-Isamu Noguchi, lo mdwebi ayenobudlelwano obunothando naye.
Umlotha kaFrida Kahlo ugcinwa eCasa Azul esitsheni sesitayela sangaphambi kweSpanishi esimise okweqhuzwane, umklamo okhombisa ukuncoma komculi ngempucuko yangaphambi kweColombia kanye nothando lwakhe ngoRivera, ozibize ngo iselesele "
Ngabe umnyuziyamu unemibukiso ekhethekile ehlobene nempilo kaFrida?
Ngo-2012, umbukiso owawunesihloko esithi “Ukubukeka kungakhohlisa: Izingubo zikaFrida Kahlo” wavulwa eBlue House, eyayinomsindo omkhulu kwezobuciko nasemfashinini.
Lesi sampula esokuqala esenziwe ezingutsheni zikaFrida, lapho umculi akha ingxenye yesithombe sakhe esidlangalaleni futhi esinezingcezu zendabuko zaseMexico ezenzelwe ukumduduza kakhulu ngemuva kwengozi yakhe yokukhubazeka.
Izingcezu zezingubo zikaFrida zatholakala ngo-2004 egumbini lakhe lokugezela eCasa Azul futhi sezikhuthaze abapheki bokudla abanjengoJean Paul Gaultier noRicardo Tisci ekwakhiweni kwamanye amaqoqo abo.
Athini amahora omnyuziyamu namanani entengo futhi ngifika kanjani lapho?
IFrida Kahlo Museum ivulwa kusukela ngoLwesibili kuya ngeSonto amahlandla amabili; ngoLwesithathu isebenza phakathi kuka-11 ekuseni no-5.45 PM, kuthi izinsuku ezisele ivule ngo-10 ekuseni bese ivala ngo-5: 45 PM.
Izilinganiso ezijwayelekile ziyi-MXN 200 phakathi nezinsuku kanye ne-MXN 220 ngezimpelasonto, ngamanani akhethwayo ngokobuzwe, ubudala nezinye izigaba.
NgeMigqibelo nangeSonto, uhlelo lwe- "Fridabus - A day with Frida and Diego" lwenziwe lwatholakala emphakathini, oluqukethe ukuvakashela i-Frida Kahlo Museum kanye ne-Diego Rivera Anahuacalli Museum, womabili atholakala I-Coyoacan.
Iphakethe linentengo ejwayelekile ye-150 MXN, enesilinganiso esikhethiwe sama-75 MXN ezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-12 futhi ifaka nemali yokungena eminyuziyamu emibili nokuhamba phakathi kwayo. Izinto zokuhamba zisuka ngo-12: 30, 2 PM nango-3: 30 PM.
Ukuya emnyuziyamu ngokuthuthwa komphakathi kufanele ufike esiteshini sesitimela saseCoyoacán, esinikezwe uLayini 3 bese uthatha ikhumbi ku-Avenida Coyoacán, ulibangise enkabeni yomakhelwane. Kufanele wehle eCalle Londres futhi ekugcineni uhambe amabhlokhi ama-4 uye eCasa Azul.
Bacabangani abavakashi bemnyuziyamu?
Bangu-6,828 abantu abavakashele kulenyuziyamu abarekhode imibono yabo ngayo ngengosi umeluleki futhi i-90% ililinganise phakathi kokuhle kakhulu nokuhle kakhulu. Eminye yale mibono imi kanje:
“Kulabo abathanda umlando kumele ...… Izakhiwo zendlu zinhle futhi uthola izinto eziningi ngomdwebi odumile” uSugeylin C.
"Kuwukuvakasha okumnandi kwabathandi bokupenda nabathandi bakaFrida" Begozi.
"Ingenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu eMexico City, ungaya emnyuziyamu bese uqeda usuku udla kwenye yezindawo zokudlela enkabeni yeCoyoacán" uJazmín Z.
Siyethemba ukuthi lo mhlahlandlela uzoba wusizo kuwe ngesikhathi uvakashele i-Frida Kahlo Museum nokuthi usinika umbono wakho ngemuva kokuwuvakashela, ukuwabelana nomphakathi wethu wabafundi.
Bona futhi:
- I-Natural History Museum YaseMexico City: Umhlahlandlela Ocacile
- ISoumaya Museum: Umhlahlandlela Ocacile
- I-Museum Of The Mummies Of Guanajuato: Umhlahlandlela Ocacile
