Abaculi bangaphambi kweSpanishi babenenqwaba yezinsimbi zomculo, kufaka phakathi isigubhu, esasihambisana nemidanso yokhokho bethu. Namuhla, futhi ngenxa yokuhlonishwa kwesiko lomculo wangaphambi kweSpanishi, sisalizwa i-huéhuetl ne-teponaztli maphakathi nezikwele, emikhosini edumile yenkolo, kumakhonsathi, kumarekhodi nakumamuvi.
Isiko labokhokho bethu licebile ngokwesiko, lincishiswa yizinsalela zamatshe ezihunyushelwe ezigodlweni ezihloniphekile ezisemi nanamuhla emaphiramidi nasezindaweni zemivubukulo, ezigqanyiswe ngama-frets kanye nezingoma zobuciko okubuye kubonwe emidwebweni nasemakhodeksi womfanekiso ocacile waseMexico. Ifa aligcini lapha, lilandelwa ukunambitheka nephunga eligcwele isici esithile.
Zimbalwa izikhathi, noma kunjalo, imisuka yemisindo yaseMexico yasendulo ekhunjulwayo, lapho ubufakazi obubhaliwe buqinisekisa khona ukuthi umculo wawubaluleke kakhulu ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi. Ama-codex amaningana akhombisa ukuthi amasiko asendulo akholelwa kanjani ezintweni zomculo, hhayi nje njengenye yezindlela zokubiza noma zokukhulekela onkulunkulu, kepha futhi nokuthi zasebenzela abantu ukwakha ukuxhumana nabafileyo babo. Ngakho-ke, kudala ngaphambi kokuba abaseSpain beze ukuzokolonela la mazwe, abantu bomdabu babephethe ingcebo ehlaba umxhwele yezinsimbi zomculo, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona isigubhu, okwakuthi nge-rimbombar yemisindo yaso ebabazekayo ehambisana nokugcizelela imidanso emangalisayo yokhokho bethu.
Kepha izigubhu kwakungezona kuphela izinsimbi, kepha zazinezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemisindo kanye neminye imiphumela yomcabango oyisidina wokukhiqiza imisindo yemvelo yemvelo, ngakho-ke kwakhiwa, ngaphezu kwamathoni ayisisekelo we-bass and treble, a high ne-polyphony eyinkimbinkimbi yesikali kuze kube namuhla, kuthiwa kunzima ukubhalisa, ngoba abaculi bangaphambi kweSpanishi babengenalo uhlelo lwephimbo oluhambisanayo, kepha baphendula ubuzwela nesidingo sokuphinda benze amaphathi, amasiko nemikhosi, umlingo yalesosikhathi. Le misindo yakha isisekelo somculo wokuzingela, impi, amasiko nemikhosi, kanye nomculo ovusa inkanuko nosaziwayo osetshenziswa emikhosini efana nokuzalwa, ukubhabhadiswa kanye nokufa.
Ezinye izinsimbi zifaka amagama afana ne-ayacaxtli ne-chicahuaztli, ekhiqiza ukuhleba okuntekenteke, kuyilapho i-aztecolli, ne-tecciztli kwakungamacilongo asetshenziswa njengezimpawu zempi. Phakathi kwezinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo sithola i-ayotl, eyenziwe ngamagobolondo wofudu, kanye ne-huéhuetl kanye ne-teponaztli, sizobhekana nabokugcina ukuthola ezinye zezici zabo.
Ngenhlanhla i-huéhuetl ne-teponaztli zasinda ekunqotshweni kweSpain; ezinye izibonisi njengamanje zikhonjisiwe eNational Museum of Anthropology. Kulezi zinsuku, sibonga intshisekelo kusiko lomculo wangaphambi kweSpanishi ngabadansi nabaculi, kanye nokuhlolwa kosesho lwesimanje olunemigqi yokhokho njengesihluthulelo salo, izinsimbi zesikhathi esedlule zisenziwa kabusha.
Ngakho-ke, sibuye sizwe i-huéhuetl kanye ne-teponaztli phakathi kwezigcawu nabadansi ababazungezile, emikhosini yenkolo, kumakhonsathi, kumarekhodi nakumateyipu amafilimu. Eziningi zalezi zinsimbi kuyindalo yakhe uqobo noma ukukhiqizwa okuthembekile kokwangempela; okwakungeke kwenzeke, ngaphandle kwesandla esinekhono somculi odumile, njengoDon Máximo Ibarra, umgwedli wezinkuni owaziwayo waseSan Juan Tehuiztlán, e-Amecameca, esifundazweni saseMexico.
Kusukela esemncane, uDon Máximo wazibonakalisa njengomuntu osebenza ngokuzimisela nothanda ukuzinikela nothando ozinikele kulo msebenzi obalule imisuka yemisindo yokhokho bethu, esebenza ngokhuni futhi eqeqesha izingane zakhe nabanye ababazi abafunde lo msebenzi. enikeza isithembiso sokuthi ubuciko ngeke bunyamalale. Ngokukhishwa okuthobekile, ephethe ubuhlakani ezandleni zakhe, uDon Máximo ubuyisa ingcebo evela ezweni elikude, lapho okwangempela kuhlangana khona nokungekhona, kukhishwa esiqwini somuthi esilula hhayi kuphela isimo kepha imisindo enamandla nezwakalayo yezwe liziveza ngabo bonke ubukhazikhazi balo ngabo.
Kutholwe ngumculi nomqoqi wezinsimbi uVíctor Fosado kanye nomlobi uCarlos Monsiváis, uDon Max, kusukela kumqophi wamatshe kuya kungcweti yezifanekiso nezithixo, futhi ngemuva kombazi wezinkuni, umsunguli wokufa, amamaski, odeveli nezintombi, waba Unguchwepheshe wezobuciko bakudala futhi ungomunye wabenzi bezandla abambalwa manje abenza i-huéhuetl ne-teponaztli. Abamtholayo bambonisa okokuqala i-huéhuetl ngokuqoshwa kwama-jaguar kanye ne-teponaztli enekhanda lenja. “Ngangibathanda kakhulu,” kukhumbula uMnu. Ibarra. Bangitshele: uyinzalo yabo bonke laba balingisi ”. Kusukela lapho, futhi cishe iminyaka engama-40, uDon Max akazange awuyeke umsebenzi wakhe.
Izitsha azisebenzisayo zehlukile futhi ezinye zezinto azidalile, njenge-auger, udlawana lokuzikha, ama-burins, ama-wedge, ama-gouge osayizi abehlukene, amakhibhodi okususa ukhiye, isizelisi yokuqopha amakhona, amafomu azosebenza ukukhipha isiqu somuthi. Lapho usunesiqu, okungaba nguphayini, ziyekelwa zome izinsuku ezingama-20; bese iqala ukukhipha, ikunike umumo womgqomo kanye nezinyathelo ezisunguliwe; lapho unesisindo somgodi, usayizi wokuhlanza uyalandela. Umdwebo uyakhethwa futhi ulandelwe ngepensela esiqwini, ukuze kuphakanyiswe ukuqoshwa kobuciko. Isikhathi esithathiwe cishe siyisigamu sonyaka, yize kuya ngobunzima bomdwebo. Ezikhathini zasendulo izinyamazane noma isikhumba sezingulube sasendle sasetshenziselwa izigubhu, namuhla kusetshenziswa izikhumba zenyama yenkomo ezijiyile noma ezacile. Imidwebo ingamakhophi ama-codex noma okusungulwe nguyena, lapho amakhanda ezinyoka, amalanga ama-Aztec, izinkozi nezinye izithonjana zizungeze umhlaba wezinsimbi zomculo.
Ekuqaleni ubunzima obukhulu babumelelwa yimisindo, ngokufeza okhiye, ukubamba, ukushumeka kanye nezihloko ze-teponaztli, kepha ngobuhlakani nangendlela efundwe ngokuloba, kancane kancane iziqu zemithi ezincane zaqala ukuhunyushwa ngemisindo. UMnu Ibarra uphefumulelwe yi-volcano nezindawo ezizungezile. “Ukwenza lolu hlobo lomsebenzi - uyasitshela - kumele uwuzwe, hhayi wonke umuntu onamandla. Indawo iyasisiza ngoba sisondelene nezimila, iziphethu kanti yize intaba-mlilo ilahla umlotha siyithanda kakhulu iPopo, sizwa amandla ayo nobunjalo bayo ”. Futhi uma kumculo wendabuko wangaphambi kweSpanishi into ebaluleke kakhulu bekungukuxhumana nemvelo, lapho abaculi belalela khona izwi labo ukuzama ukuqonda isigqi esifanele, ngokuthula komoya, ukuthula okujulile kolwandle noma umhlaba futhi ukuwa kwamanzi, izimvula nezimpophoma, siyaqonda ukuthi kungani uDon Max ekwazi ukuguqula indalo yakhe ibe yimisindo engaqondakali.
Ezansi kwentaba-mlilo, endaweni yezintaba futhi ezungezwe abazukulu bakhe, uDon Max usebenza ngokubekezela emthunzini. Lapho uzophendula isiqu somuthi sibe yi-huéhuetl noma i-teponaztli, ngezimo nemisindo yokhokho; ngakho-ke sizozwa ukunanela okujulile kwesikhathi esedlule, imilingo nokungaqondakali njengezigqi zesigubhu.
