Ensimini ebanzi yezintaba nemihosha yaseSierra Madre Occidental, amasiko omdabu ahlukahlukene ahlala amakhulu eminyaka; abanye banyamalala kanti abanye basebenze kabusha izinqubo zomlando ezibagcine bephila kuze kube namuhla.
Imikhawulo yezifundazwe zaseNayarit, Jalisco, Zacatecas naseDurango yakha isifunda esiphakathi kwezobuchwepheshe lapho kuhlala khona iHuichols, iCoras, iTepehuanos neMexico. Amathathu okuqala angamaqembu amaningi futhi asebenze njengezihloko zomlando nezifundo ze-anthropological, ngokungafani nabaseMexico abahlala ngokomlando abangaziwa.
Njengamanje kunezindawo ezintathu zokuhlala abantu baseMexico: iSanta Cruz, esifundazweni saseNayarit, neSan Agustín de San Buenaventura neSan Pedro Jícoras, eningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe saseDurango. Imiphakathi izinze emihosheni lapho kungadluli khona migwaqo. Ukufuduka kungumphumela wokuhamba okude okukuvumela ukuthi uthokozele ukushisa futhi ubone amadolobhana, imifula nemithombo. Banikeza nethuba lokubuka izimbali nezilwane ngezinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu nezinhle ezifana nezimpisi, izindwandwe, amaswidi, izingwejeje nezinyamazane.
Ngezikhathi zesomiso kuyenzeka kutholakale amathoni egolide nethusi amagquma, asivumela ukuba sicabange imigwaqo yabantu nama-silhouettes.
Indaba yakhe
AbaseMexico bayiqembu elikhuluma okuhlukile kwesiNahuatl. Imvelaphi yayo idale izimpikiswano ezahlukahlukene, akwaziwa ukuthi ngabe zivela eTlaxcala, uma zivela eSierra eyayiyiNahuatlized ngesikhathi seColony, noma uma kungabantu ababuyela eSierra ngesikhathi esifanayo. Iqiniso ukuthi liqembu ngokwamasiko elingelabacibisheli kanti izinganekwane zabo iMesoamerican. Ngokuqondene nezinsumansumane, kuthiwa ezikhathini zasendulo uhambo oluya enyakatho oluya esikhungweni lulandela ukhozi. Kusukela kulolu hambo, eminye imindeni yahlala eTenochtitlan kanti eminye yaqhubeka ngeJanitzio naseGuadalajara baze bafika lapho bahlala khona njengamanje.
Imikhosi yezolimo
AbaseMexico benza ukulima okunethwa emhlabathini onamatshe, ngakho-ke badedela isiqeshana somhlaba iminyaka eyishumi ukusisebenzisa kabusha. Batshala ikakhulu ummbila bese bewuhlanganisa nesikwashi nobhontshisi. Umsebenzi wenziwa ngumndeni wasekhaya futhi owandisiwe. Imikhosi yezolimo ibalulekile ekwakhiweni komphakathi kweqembu. Okubizwa ngama-mitote, inkambiso ye-oxuravet, imikhosi yokucela imvula, ukwazisa izivuno, isibusiso sezithelo nokucela impilo. Ngamafuphi, kungumcimbi wokufaka izicelo zempilo owenzeka emagcekeni abelwe kusukela endulo emindenini enezibongo zobaba kanye nasendaweni yomphakathi esendaweni yezombusazwe nezenkolo. Benza phakathi kwemikhosi eyodwa kuya kwemihlanu esikhathini ngasinye kwezinhlanu zonyaka. Ama-mitotes womphakathi yilawa: elxuravetde uphaphe lwe-oiwit (ngoFebhuwari-Mashi), i-aguaat (ngoMeyi-Juni) kanye ne-eloteselot (Septhemba-Okthoba).
Isiko lidinga uchungechunge lokuzila ukuze luhlale egcekeni futhi lubambe iqhaza emisebenzini. Lo mcimbi uhlala izinsuku ezinhlanu futhi uqondiswa “ngumeya wepatio”, oqeqeshwe iminyaka emihlanu ukubamba lesi sikhundla sempilo. Izakhamizi ziphethe izimbali nokhuni, ekuseni, kuze kube usuku lwesine. Le minikelo ibekwa e-altare eliqonde ngasempumalanga. Imeya yepatio iyathandaza noma "inikeze ingxenye" ekuseni, emini nantambama; okusho ukuthi, lapho ilanga liphuma, lapho lisesiqongweni nalapho lishona.
Ngosuku lwesine, ebusuku, umdanso uqala ngokubamba iqhaza kwabesilisa, abesifazane nezingane. Umdala ubeke insimbi yomculo eceleni komlilo ukuze umculi abone empumalanga ngenkathi eyidlala. Abesilisa nabesifazane badansa imisindo emihlanu ezungeze umlilo ubusuku bonke bese becwilisa i- "Dance of the Deer". Ama-sones adinga ukusebenza okungajwayelekile ngumculi, osebenzisa insimbi eyenziwe nge-bule enkulu, esebenza njengebhokisi lokuzwakalisa umsindo, nomnsalo wokhuni onentambo ye-ixtle. Umnsalo ubekwa emhlolweni bese ushaywa ngezinduku ezincane. Imisindo yiYellow Bird, Uphaphe, iTamale, iDeer neBig Star.
Umdanso uphela entathakusa, ngokuwa kwenyamazane. Lo mdanso umelwe ngumuntu ophethe isikhumba senyamazane emhlane nekhanda lakhe ezandleni. Balingisa ukuzingela kwabo ngenkathi belandelwa omunye umuntu obukeka njengenja. Izinyamazane zenza amahlaya nezocansi kubabambiqhaza. Phakathi nobusuku, iningi liphethe ukuqondisa ukulungiswa kokudla okuyisiko, kusizwa ama-mayordoma nabanye besifazane bomphakathi.
I- "chuina" ingukudla okuyisiko. Inyamazane exutshwe nenhlama. Ekuseni, endala kakhulu futhi iningi labo ligeza ubuso nezisu ngamanzi. Lo mcimbi uhlanganisa namazwi ongoti wezemikhuba okhumbula isibopho sokuqhubeka nokulahla ezinye izinsuku ezine ukuze "ahambisane" nonkulunkulu abenza ukuba khona kwabo kube khona.
Phakathi nalomkhosi, inkulumo yokukhuluma neyesiko iphrojusa umbono womhlaba weqembu ngendlela elinganisene; izimpawu nezincazelo, ngaphezu kokukhombisa ubudlelwane obuseduze phakathi komuntu nemvelo. Amagquma, amanzi, ilanga, umlilo, inkanyezi enkulu, uJesu Kristu, nokwenziwa komuntu, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba khona komuntu.
Amaphathi
Imikhosi yomphakathi evikela abantu iyinala. Abantu baseMexico bagubha iCandelaria, iCarnival, iSonto Elingcwele, iSan Pedro, iSantiago neSantur.
Iningi lalemikhosi ihlelwe ngamayordomías akhokhiswa njalo ngonyaka.
Imikhosi ihlala izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili futhi izilungiselela unyaka owodwa. Izolo, ngayizolo, usuku, ukulethwa komdanso, phakathi kokunye, yizinsuku lapho ama-mayordomos enikeza abangcwele ukudla, alungise isonto futhi ahlele nabaphathi bomphakathi ukwenza umdanso ka- “Palma y Indwangu ”, lapho abantu abasha kanye ne-" Malinche "behlanganyela khona. Izingubo zabo zinemibala futhi bafaka imiqhele eyenziwe ngephepha laseChina.
Umdanso uhambisana nomculo, ukunyakaza komdanso kanye nokuvela. Iphinde yenziwa ngesikhathi sezindwendwe, kuyilapho ama-mayordomos ephethe imishayo yempepho engcwele.
ISonto eliNgcwele lingumgubho oqinile wokungaziniki ukudla, njengokudla inyama, ukuthinta amanzi omfula ngoba kufanekisela igazi likaKristu, nokulalela umculo; lezi zifinyelela ebangeni lazo eliphakeme lapho kufika isikhathi sokuphula.
Ngo "Mgqibelo wenkazimulo" abasizi bahlangana esontweni, futhi iqembu lezintambo ze-violin, iziginci kanye negititaroni lihumusha ama-polkas amahlanu. Ngemuva kwalokho udwendwe olunezithombe luyahamba, kudubula amarokhethi, nama mayordomos kuthwala obhasikidi abakhulu abanezingubo zabangcwele.
Baya emfuleni, lapho umphathi wezinceku eshisa irokhethi ukukhombisa ukuthi sekuvunyelwe ukuthinta amanzi. Ama-mayordomos awasha izingubo zabangcwele azibeke ukuze zome ezihlahleni eziseduze. Khonamanjalo, ama-mayordomos anikela abebezile, ngaphesheya komfula, izingilazi ezimbalwa ze- "guachicol" noma i-mezcal ekhiqizwe esifundeni. Izithombe zibuyiselwa ethempelini futhi izingubo ezihlanzekile ziyabekwa futhi.
Omunye umkhosi owoSantur noma uDifuntos. Ukulungiswa komnikelo owomndeni futhi babeka iminikelo ezindlini nasesithombeni. Basika i-zucchini, ummbila ku-cob nophizi, bese benza ama-tortilla amancane, amakhandlela, bapheka amathanga bese beya emathuneni besika imbali ye-javielsa endleleni. Emangcwabeni iminikelo yabantu abadala neyezingane ihlukaniswa ngezinhlamvu zemali namaswidi noma amakhukhi ezilwane. Buqamama, ngaphezu kwamagquma, ukuhamba kwezibane kungabonakala ebumnyameni; Yizihlobo eziya edolobheni kanye nepheyinti. Ngemuva kokubeka iminikelo yabo, baya esontweni futhi ngaphakathi bafaka eminye iminikelo ngamakhandlela nxazonke; khona-ke abantu babuka ubusuku bonke.
Abantu abavela kweminye imiphakathi baya edilini leSan Pedro, ngoba bangumphathi oyisimangaliso kakhulu. ISan Pedro iphawula ukuqala kwenkathi yemvula, futhi abantu balulindele lolo suku. NgoJuni 29 baletha umhluzi wenkomo emini; abaculi bahamba ngemuva kwalowo owabaqashile badabule edolobheni. Ikhishi labathengisi bezitolo lihlala ligcwele abesifazane nezihlobo. Ebusuku kunodwendwe, ngomdanso, iziphathimandla, izinkomishi kanye nabantu bonke. Ekupheleni kodwendwe bashisa amarokhethi amaningi akhanyisa isibhakabhaka ngamalambu awo adlulayo imizuzu embalwa. KumaMexicoeros, usuku ngalunye lokugubha lumaka isikhala esikhathini sezolimo nesomkhosi.
