"Comadre, lapho ngifa, yenza ujeke ngodaka lwami. Uma womile ku-bebay uma ukwanga kwerero yakho kushaya izindebe zakho"
I-charrería, enye yamasiko angempela aseMexico, iyingxenye yesiko likazwelonke. Yathuthukiswa nepulazi lezinkomo kanye nemisebenzi yasensimini, kwaba ama-charros okuqala abafuyi bezinkomo nezisebenzi zabo. Umlando wayo uqala lapho, kancane kancane, amaNdiya nabamestizo beza kumahhashi futhi bafunda ngokukhululeka ukuthi bakhombisile ukuthola ezinye izinto eziningi ezingahambisani namasiko abo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwehhashi kwakuvunyelwe kuphela kwabaseSpain, ngoba amaNdiya nabamestizo babengavunyelwe; yize laba bokugcina babeyinzalo yamakhosi, babengeke babe ngama-knights kubuhlungu bokufa. Kodwa-ke, njengoba isikhathi sihamba, babengabagibeli abaziwayo, ngisho naseYurophu.
Ihhashi lilethwe abaseSpain bevela e-Antilles, lapho lalikwazi khona ukukhula ngendlela ekhethekile. Ekuqaleni, ukukhuliswa kwakhe kwakukhawulelwe eSpain naseCreole; Kodwa-ke, noma kunjalo amaNdiya kanye nama-mestizo kwakudingeka banakekele zonke izilwane futhi njengoba amahhashi ayekhululekile, bakuthola kunesidingo ukuwasebenzisa ama-lasso, ukuwagibela, ukuwathambisa, njll., Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngentambo babekwazi ukulawula amahhashi. izilwane zasendle, futhi leyo yindlela uViceroy Antonio de Mendoza aphoqeleka ngayo ukunikeza imvume yokuthi amaNdiya agibele, kwazise kwakumele bavikele umhlaba futhi banakekele izinkomo.
Imvunulo ye-charro, phakathi kokuphikisayo, imvunulo yabagibeli bamahhashi baseSpain, abenze izingubo ezejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ezibabazekayo, ngemihlobiso yesiliva negolide. Ngokwezinye izazi-mlando, umsuka wayo oyinhloko ugqoke imvunulo yaseSalamanca, eSpain, eyayibizwa nangokuthi "charro".
Ama-charros abambe iqhaza elikhethekile ezikhathini eziningi zomlando waseMexico, emzabalazweni nasekulondolozeni ukuthula, futhi ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo bahlanganisa isibalo sabo. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi seMpi Yenkululeko basekela ngokuqinile futhi baziwa ngokuthi “abafana ababhincile”; Baphinde bahlukaniswa ngobuqili babo ekuphatheni intambo ababeyisebenzisa kuma-lasso royalists e-Bajío.
Iqembu elibalulekile kwakungu "tamarindos", okwathi, kanye no "master" uJuan Nepomuceno Oviedo, umnikazi wepulazi leBocas eSan Luis Potosí, balwa empini yasePuente de Calderón nasendaweni yaseCuautla, lapho ngasendleleni U-Oviedo washona.
Omunye umlingiswa owaziwa ngemvunulo yakhe kwakunguDon Pedro Nava. Izingubo zakhe zazihlanganisa amabhulukwe endwangu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anezinkinobho zesiliva kanye nebhande likasilika elihlotshiswe ngemigoqo yegolide, ukotini wesikhumba samadolo ngamabhande esiliva, amabhuzu e-cowboy kanye ne-spurs yensimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
UMaximiliano ngokungangabazeki wayengomunye wabagqugquzeli abakhulu be-charro suit, yize enza izinguquko ezithile koqobo ezigcinwe kuze kube namuhla. Ukhethe ijakhethi elifushane, elingahlobisiwe nebhulukwe eliqinile elinezinkinobho zesiliva; isigqoko esasigcwalisa isembatho sakhe sasinomphetho woku-ayina, waluka ngesiliva, kanye netshali lento efanayo. Ekuhambeni kwakhe, umbusi wayehambisana "nabagibeli bamahhashi." Isixuku sonke sasigqoke izingubo zaso ngokuziqhenya okukhulu.
Kwenziwe namaSarape namajorongo, kuboshelwa amabhulukwe ngombala omnyama nomhlophe kubaphathi, kanye nokubomvu nokumnyama kwabasebenzi, kanye namajakhethi, amabhulukwe amabhulukwe namabhulukwe esikhumba.
Abesifazane bafekethisa amahembe obaba, abafowabo namasoka ngobumnandi obufanayo abenza ngabo izingubo abazithandayo. Ngakho-ke, kwanezelwa imifekethiso ehlukene ezigqokweni ezazifanelana nayo yonke imvunulo: imidwebo yezimbali, izinkozi, izikhova, izinyoka, njll., Konke ngesiliva noma ngegolide, ngokusho kokuthandwa namathuba omnikazi.
Le ngubo ibe nezigaba ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu: leso esihambisana nesikhathi sikaMaximilian nesivele kamuva futhi esaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla, ngokuguqulwa okuthile, ikakhulukazi maqondana nesigqoko.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamasudi: eyomsebenzi, nokuyiyona evame kakhulu emincintiswaneni; isigamu segala, esihlotshiswe kakhulu futhi esisetshenziselwa imincintiswano; ingubo yegala okuthi, yize ingasetshenziswa ekugibeleni ihhashi, ayisetshenziswanga ukwenza imisebenzi; leyo ye-gala enkulu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kufana naleyo ye-gala, ihleleke ngokwengeziwe, yize incane kunaleyo yokuziphatha. Ekugcineni, kukhona leyo yokuziphatha noma yomkhosi, nenhle kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezikhethekile kakhulu, kepha ungalokothi ugibele ihhashi.
Isudi ye-charro ayinakugqokwa nganoma iyiphi indlela: kunemithetho ethile yokuyigqoka, egcinwe ngokucophelela yilabo abafuna ukugcina isiko.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yezingubo ze-charro yi-spurs, edume kunazo zonke ezenziwa e-Amozoc, ePuebla ..., "i-peacock bass yayo engasusi isikhathi, futhi ukuhamba kabi akuhambi ...", ngokusho kwesisho esidumile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-spurs agcina ifa lemiklamo yama-Arabhu neSpain liphila.
Ihhashi bekufanele futhi ligqoke ngokunethezeka ngehhanisi elifana nezimpahla zomnikazi walo kanye nesali lishintshiwe njengoba sekuqhamuka imisebenzi emisha nezinkomo. Ngokufanayo, i-anquera yadalwa, inzalo ye-gualdrapa, efana ne-enagüilla yesikhumba ewugqinsi emboza ukhalo lwehhashi futhi luzungezwe ingxenye yalo engezansi ngemisipha evulekile evulekile noma i- "brincos", okulenga kuyo imihlobiso ethile ebizwa "AmaHigas" kanye "nama-kermes" izwe abantu abalibiza ngokuthi "linomsindo". Inhloso yalokhu okunamathiselwe ukuthambisa ithole futhi usethe ijubane lalo; Kuyasiza kakhulu ekusizeni imfundo yakho futhi kukuvikele ekubambeni kwezinkunzi.
Okuphikisayo kokuthi i-charrería yakhiwa kanjani, njengeqembu elibalulekile, sinalo ngekhulu le-18, lapho iqembu lamasosha elibizwa ngokuthi "iDragones de la Cuera" ligade abaphathi abavela eMatagorda Bay, eGulf, kuye emfuleni iSacramento, e ENyakatho California. Bavikela iSpain Entsha ekuhlaselweni amaNdiya angamaqaba emuva ngo-1730.
Kusukela ezingutsheni zala masosha, isikhumba se-suede sagqama, esasimelana nemicibisholo futhi sasebenza njenge-escahuipil kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi.
Le ngubo yayinemikhono futhi ifinyelela emadolweni; lalifakwa ngaphakathi ngesikhumba semvu futhi laligqokwa ngebhande lesikhumba eliwele esifubeni; ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhali zenkosi zazifekethisiwe ezikhwameni zesikhumba.
Umthombo: IMexico ngesikhathi # 28 Januwari / Februwari 1999
