Isiqhingi saseGuadalupe singesinye sezindawo eziqhelelene kakhulu nensimu yezwekazi laseMexico. Inani elikhulu lamatshe entaba-mlilo osayizi abehlukene asakazeke kuyo yonke indawo yalo, akhombisa umsuka wentaba-mlilo.
Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, lesi siqhingi savakashelwa izazi zemvelo nabahloli bamazwe, okwathi lapho bebuka amahlathi abanzi anenkungu, izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni kanye nokunotha kwamathafa aso kwasinika igama lesidlaliso "lepharadesi lezinto eziphilayo".
INDAWO YAMAPIRAYI NEMIKHAWU
IGuadalupe yayiyisiphephelo sabahloli bamazwe nabaphangi ababeyisebenzisa njengendawo yokuhambisa amanzi nenyama ohambweni lwabo olude. Futhi kwakuyisiza esibalulekile sabadobi bemikhomo, ababekanise khona unomphela ukuze bahlole izimvu zamanzi namabhubesi olwandle ayegcwele kuleyo ndawo. Njengamanje, kusekhona izinsalela zalezo zivakashi nezakhamizi zesiqhingi, ngoba ogwini olusempumalanga kunezinsalela zokwakhiwa kwamaNdiya ase-Aleut ezalethwa yimikhumbi yaseRussia ngenhloso yokuxhaphaza izilwane zasolwandle okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla. Ngokunjalo kunedwala esiqhingini lapho kubhalwe khona amagama okaputeni nemikhumbi eyayivakashele; nalapho kubhekwa izinganekwane ezisukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye.
I-FLORA YE-GUADALUPE ENGOZINI EPHAKAMILE YOKUnyamalala
Ngenxa yesimo sendawo esiqhingini, isimo sezulu siyabanda futhi inkathi yemvula ifika ebusika. Futhi kungaleso sikhathi lapho ezigodini imbewu yamakhambi nezitshalo zihluma ezikhaleni ezincane ezishiywa amatshe.
Eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu eyedlule kwakukhona amahlathi aphakeme ngokulingene ezintabeni ezisengxenyeni eseningizimu, enabela kulezi zigodi kanti kwezinye zazo kwakukhona izinhlobo ezihlukile emhlabeni ezifana nomjunipha waseGuadalupe, isifanekiso sakhe sokugcina esashona ngo-1983.
Njengamanje, izinhlobo eziningana zezitshalo ezakha lawo mahlathi sezinyamalele futhi izigodi zalesi siqhingi seziyizindawo ezithe xaxa zamakhambi ezethulwe ngumuntu eziye zasusa uhlaza lwakuqala, ngoba ezimweni eziningi ziyizinhlobo ezifuywayo, ezinamandla ngokuncintisana, ezigcina zithathe indawo yezinhlobo zemvelo. Lesi ngesinye futhi isibonelo sesenzo esonakalisayo somuntu.
Uma ukwethulwa kwezitshalo kunemiphumela eyingozi kakhulu, kungaphezu kwalokho kwezilwane ezidla imifino, njengoba kukhonjisiwe e-Australia ngokufakwa konogwaja ezilwaneni zayo. Futhi njengoba nje kushiwo ezwenikazi, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, imikhumbi yokudoba izinhlanzi evela ezizweni ezahlukahlukene yakhipha inani lezimbuzi esiQhingini saseGuadalupe ukuze zigcine inyama entsha. inani lezimbuzi lenyuka futhi ngesikhathi esifushane inani lezilwane ezithwalekayo kuleyo nsimu encane lidlule. Ukukhula kwalezi zilwane ezibolayo kwakukukhulu kangangokuba ekuqaleni kuka-1860 kwakubhekwa ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi zixhashazwe ngezinjongo zokuhweba.
Ngenxa yalesi simo, iGuadalupe ilahlekelwe uhhafu wohlobo lwayo lwe-herbaceous; Futhi njengabo bonke utshani obukulesi siqhingi, ihlathi alikaze lisinde ekuvukeleni kwezimbuzi. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule lalihlanganisa indawo engamahektare ayi-10 000 kanti namuhla ukunwetshwa kwalo akudluli kumahektha angama-393, okusho ukuthi namuhla kunendawo engaphansi kwe-4% yendawo eyihlathi langempela.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo esiqhingini zigcwele, okungukuthi, azitholakali kwenye indawo emhlabeni, zinjalo izimo ze-oki, isundu kanye nomsipres waseGuadalupe. Kulezi zitshalo okukhulunywe ngazo, ngokungangabazeki isihlahla se-okhi saseGuadalupe yiso manje esisengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa, ngoba kunezinhlobo ezingama-40 ezindala kakhulu kangangokuba iningi lazo azikaze ziphinde zikhiqize. Intende yesundu itholakala emaceleni amancane futhi isesimweni esibi kakhulu, ngoba izimbuzi zisebenzisa iziqu ukuzinwaya, okudale ukuthi i-thallus ibe mncane futhi ibe buthakathaka emiphumeleni yomoya. Ihlathi laseGuadalupe lisongelwa kanzima, ngoba isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka isihlahla esisha asikazalwa ngoba kuthatha imbewu ende ngaphambi kokuba ihlume kunembuzi ukusiqeda.
Umbiko wakamuva ovela kulesi siqhingi awunalutho: ezinhlotsheni zezitshalo zemvelo eziyi-168, cishe ezingama-26 azikaze zibonwe kusukela ngo-1900, okuholele ekuqothulweni kwazo okungenzeka. Kokusele, kubonwe izinhlobo ezimbalwa ngoba zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki ezimbuzini noma eziqhingini ezakhelene neGuadalupe.
IZINYONI ZESIQHINGI, INGOMA EJABULISAYO
Ukuntuleka kwezihlahla ehlathini kuye kwaphoqa ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ukuba zidle phansi, lapho ziyizisulu ezilula zamakati amakhulu ahlala endle. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lamakati aqothule okungenani izinhlobo ezinhlanu zezinyoni zesiqhingi, futhi manje eGuadeloupe noma kwenye indawo emhlabeni ngeke sikwazi ukuthola i-caracara, i-petrel nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ebezinyamalala unyaka nonyaka kusuka epharadesi eliyinyoka lalesi siqhingi.
OKUWUKUPHELA KWEZILWANE ZENDALO ESISIQHATHINI
Ngesikhathi sasebusika, amabhishi anesihlabathi namatshe ambozwe isilwane esincelisayo esaziwa kakhulu esiqhingini: uphawu lwendlovu. Lesi silwane sivela eziqhingini zaseCalifornia e-United States ukuzala kabusha kulesi siqhingi ePacific Pacific.
Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, lezi zilwane ezinkulu zaziyizisulu zabadobi bemikhomo, futhi ukubulawa kwabo kwakungokuthi ngo-1869 kwakucatshangwa ukuthi sekuphelile, kodwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinhlobo zatholakala esiqhingini, ngoba besiseGuadeloupe lapho isibalo sezindlovu sezithole khona. Namuhla, lezi zilwane zingabonakala kaningi eziqhingini eziningi ezisenyakatho yePacific naseMexico.
Enye ingcebo yemvelo engenakubalwa yesiqhingi yi-seal seal yaseGuadalupe, okwakukholakala ukuthi ayisekho ngenxa yokuhlaselwa okukhulu okwenziwa ngayo ngekhulu lokugcina ngenani lentengiso yoboya bayo. Njengamanje, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa nguhulumeni waseMexico, lolu hlobo luyalulama.
EZINYE IZIPHikiswano NGOKUTHANDA UKULONDOLOZWA KWESIQHINGA
Ngaphezu kokuba nengcebo enkulu yemvelo, isiQhingi saseGuadalupe sibaluleke kakhulu kwezepolitiki nakwezomnotho. Futhi njengoba isimangalo sobukhosi besiqhingi kunqunywa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwaso, ngo-1864 uhulumeni waseMexico wathumela ibutho lamasosha ukuze lisivikele ekuhlaselweni amazwe angaphandle. Njengamanje, le ndawo yokugcina amasosha iphethe amabutho amahlanu ahamba ngezinyawo asatshalaliswa ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zesiqhingi, futhi ubukhosi baso buqinisekisiwe nangokuba khona kwekoloni labadobi abazinikele ekubambeni ama-lobster ne-abalone, imikhiqizo enemikhiqizo emihle funa phesheya.
Ngaphezu kokuba ilabhorethri yemvelo, ekubeni ngamakhilomitha ayi-140 ukusuka ogwini lweBaja California, lesi siqhingi sinwebisa ngamamayela angama-299 kanye nendawo yethu yezomnotho ekhethekile, futhi lokhu kuvumela iMexico ukuthi isebenzise ubukhosi bayo ukuhlola nokuhlola izinsiza zasolwandle ezikule ndawo.
Ukube lezi zimpikiswano bezinganele, kufanele sicabange kuphela ukuthi isiqhingi siyingxenye yefa lethu lemvelo. Uma siyichitha, ukulahlekelwa akuyona eyabaseMexico kuphela, kodwa sonke isintu. Uma kukhona esikwenzela kona, kungaphinda kube "yipharadesi elingokwemvelo" elatholwa ngabezemvelo bekhulu leminyaka elidlule.
Umthombo: I-Mexico engaziwa engu-210 / Agasti 1994
