Idolobha laseQuerétaro, elasungulwa ngoJulayi 15, 1532, lalithathwa njengedolobha lesithathu elibaluleke kakhulu eNew Spain ngenxa yendawo elikuyo, isimo esalivumela ukuba lisebenze njengesikhungo sokuphakela izakhiwo ezinkulu zezimayini ezizungezile.
Idolobha elakhiwe ngaphansi kobukhona bomdabu obuqinile, lahlanganiswa laba ubuciko obuyingqayizivele futhi lahumusha ngendlela yalo amathonya omnqobi, ikakhulukazi lawo avela eningizimu yeSpain, lapho ukwakhiwa kweMudejar kwakushiye khona imfundiso ejulile.
IQuerétaro yafinyelela ebukhazikhazini bayo ngekhulu le-18, lapho ama-oda enkolo ayishumi nesishiyagalombili ahlala enkampanini eyakha le nxanxathela yezakhiwo enkulu esingayibabaza namhlanje nokwaholela ekutheni i-UNESCO imenyezelwe njengefa lamasiko esintu ngo-1996.
Kuphoqelekile ukudabula i-Historic Center yedolobha iQuerétaro, usuka eSangremal uye ethempelini laseSanta Rosa de Viterbo, futhi usuke e-Alameda uye endaweni yase-Otra Banda, lapho imvelo evela esikhathini esidlule ihlala nelinye lamadolobha enamandla kakhulu ezweni. Izikhumbuzo ezilandelayo azinakuphuthelwa kulolu hambo: i-Aqueduct, umsebenzi omkhulu wokwakha umphakathi owawuvumela amanzi ukuthi athuthwe kusuka emithonjeni aye empumalanga yedolobha futhi ngaleyo ndlela ahlanganise intuthuko enempilo yedolobha ngekhulu le-18, eyaqala ngo-1723 yiMarquis yaseVilla del Villar del Águila; Imengamo yalo engama-72 yokwakhiwa kwamatshe, enkulu kunazo zonke ukuphakama okungama-23 m, nokuhlanzwa kwamamitha ayi-13, iholele amanzi ohlelweni lwemithombo yomphakathi esalondoloziwe, njengaleyo yeNgonyama, esigodlweni seFranciscan eSanta Cruz. , etholakala engxenyeni ephezulu yedolobha nendawo yokugcina ye-Aqueduct. Phakathi kwale mithombo kuvelele ikhwalithi yayo eyeNeptune, e-atrium yethempeli laseSanta Clara (Madero nase-Allende); Isithombe sakhe esibunjiweyo (umfanekiso, esigodlweni sikaMasipala) kuthiwa sasingesiKrestu owaguqulwa waba yiNeptune, lapho kubizwa khona igama laso. Kufanele ukuvakashela Umthombo Olengisiwe kuZaragoza Avenue, Santo Domingo Avenue kanye noMthombo waseHebe eBenito Zenea Garden.
Phakathi kwezakhiwo zomphakathi kugqame ukwakhiwa kweRoyal Houses, etholakala esigcawini esikhulu, esigodlweni sikahulumeni samanje, indawo lapho i-corregidora, uNkk Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, enikeza khona isexwayiso sokuthi inhlangano yenkululeko iqale. ICasa de Ecala itholakala kulesi sikwele esifanayo, ohlangothini olusentshonalanga, ngesigaxa esihle samatshe, siqoshwe kahle. Umthombo Wezinja ubizwa ngokuthi yimithombo yawo enezinja ezine, ebeka ikholomu esekela isithombe somsizi weQuerétaro, iMarqués de la Villa del Villar del Águila. Ukwehla ngeCalle del Biombo endala (namuhla i-Andador 5 de Mayo) sithola indlu ka-Count of Regla noma i-House of the Five Patios, enepulangwe layo elihle kakhulu lamakhothamo "we-polylobed" kanye nomsebenzi ophawulekayo etsheni eliyinhloko le-arch elenga amafreyimu ukufinyelela kuvulandi, kanye nokuthuka okuhle, umsebenzi wokwenziwa kwamaFrance mhlawumbe kusukela ngekhulu le-19. Siphinde futhi sithole iCasa de la Marquesa, isibonelo sezakhiwo ze- “Mudejar” ezihlotshiswe ngobukhazikhazi, namuhla esiguqulwe saba ihhotela; Isango lalo kanye nemengamo yalo engamanga ehlela kuvulandi iyancomeka.
IQuerétaro ivelele ngezikwele zayo, imigwaqo nezithabathaba zezindlu, yingakho kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kuvakashelwe uhlelo lwayo lwezikwele, lapho iningi lalezi zakhiwo likhona. Izikwele zixhunywe ngemigwaqo emihle enezinhlobonhlobo (amatshe amatshe ezinkwali ezinzima avela emhosheni, aqoshwe ngesandla, anikeza umlingiswa okhethekile cishe kuyo yonke imigwaqo ye-Historic Center) ebiyizindonga ngaphambili futhi amapavumente abo aguqulwe engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu leminyaka lokho kuyadlula.
Kusuka esikhathini sakamuva yiCasa Mota, ngesitayela esinamandla se-eclectic, kuMadero Street, phambi kweSanta Clara - enesigcawu se-padding ebanzi-. Isigodlo sikaMasipala, obuso baso obufanayo buhambisana nesitayela se-eclectic, yize isakhiwo sangaphakathi singaphansi kwenkathi edlule, namuhla sibuyiselwe ngokumangalisayo futhi siyisihlalo sikaHulumeni kaMasipala; Itholakala ohlangothini oluseningizimu lwensimu endala yensimu yaseSanta Clara - manje esiguqulwe yaba yiGuerrero Garden--, futhi izungezwe izigqoko zemivimbo yaseNdiya ezisikiwe njalo, okuyisici esihlala njalo sezikwele zeBajío baseMexico.
Ngokuqondene nokwakhiwa kwezenkolo, awunakuphuthelwa yithempeli nesigodlo seSanta Rosa de Viterbo, ngokungangabazeki isakhiwo esimele kakhulu ibhora elijabule elihlotshiswe kahle, lapho umdwebo wokuqala wezingilazi zalo, umpheme, umbhoshongo, i-dome nezangaphakathi. Kunezinto ezingenakubalwa ezidala ukubabazeka kwawo wonke umuntu: i-inverted botorel arches –a yakhe engenakuqhathaniswa nomakhi uMariano de las Casas–, izingcezwana zayo ze-altare le-baroque, isitho samakhwaya esiphansi-esivela eGerman-, sacristy yayo, lapho itafula laso livelele khona. imihlobiso esayizi yokuphila nokuqoshwa kukaKristu nabaphostoli; I-cloister yayo namuhla iyisikole se-graphic art school. Ithempeli nesigodlo seSan Agustín, isakhiwo esaphothulwa engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-18, manje esiguqulwe saba yi-Art Museum, siyisibonelo esivelele sekhono lamatshe aseQueretaro; i-cloister yayo, isibonelo se- "ultra-baroque", iwumsebenzi ongenakuqhathaniswa wokwanda kwemidwebo yayo.
Isigodlo sethempeli laseSanta Clara sinama-altare amahle kakhulu ama-baroque enziwe ngokhuni oluqoshiwe; Kulomsebenzi kuveza umsebenzi wakhe wensimbi kokubili ekhwayeni engezansi nakwigalari engxenyeni engenhla; ubuningi bomhlobiso wayo uyisibonelo esicacile sobuhle obutholakale kumhlobiso wama-baroque, ingcebo yawo yamafomu yenza ama-altare ayo, kanye nalawo aseSanta Rosa de Viterbo, imisebenzi ephawuleka kakhulu yobukhazikhazi besikhathi segolide saseQueretaro.
Kusho ukuthini uquerétaro?
Kunezinguqulo ezimbili: eyodwa, ukuthi igama livela ku-Tarascan queretaparazicuyo, okusho ukuthi "ibhola lomdlalo", nokuthi lalifushanisiwe eQuerétaro; kanti enye, ye-querenda, okusho ukuthi ngolimi olufanayo "itshe elikhulu noma idwala", noma i-queréndaro: "indawo yamatshe amakhulu noma amadwala".
Inhlokodolobha kabili
Idolobha laseQuerétaro selibe yinhlokodolobha ephindwe kabili yeRiphabhulikhi yaseMexico: eyokuqala ngo-1848, kwathi uManuel de la Peña y Peña waba ngumongameli, kwathi eyesibili ngo-1916, ngesikhathi uVenustiano Carranza ethatha leli dolobha.
