Ukuhlanganiswa kwesitayela semfundo nokuhumusha kwendabuko kuholele kuma-nuances angajwayelekile wokuzwana okuhlukile nombala ngaphakathi kweBaroque.
Eduze kakhulu nenhlokodolobha yaseTlaxcala, maphakathi nesifundazwe, okungenani kunamathempeli angama-baroque afanele ukuncoma nokutadisha. Iningi lazo liseduze kwemigwaqo emikhulu exhuma onhlokodolobha baseTlaxcala nasePuebla, zitholakala kalula kubavakashi, kepha zihlala zinganakiwe. Abahambi abadlula esifundeni futhi abakhombisa intshisekelo ekwakhiweni kwamakholoni eTlaxcala abavamile ukuzwa ngamathempeli ngaphandle kweSanctuary yase-Ocotlán kanye neConvent yangaphambili yaseSan Francisco, izimangaliso zokwakha ngaphandle kokungabaza, kodwa hhayi kuphela.
Ukuvakashela amasonto ayishumi nambili kulawa (Santuario de Ocotlán, San Bernardino Contla, San Dionisio Yauhquemehcan, Santa María Magdalena Tlatelulco.San Luis Teolocholco, San Nicolás Panotla, Santa Inés Zacatelco, San Antonio Acuamanala, Santo toribio Xicohetíinco Sancio UCruz Tlaxcala kanye neParroquia Palafoxiana de Tepeyanco) enkampanini yabangane bami abavela kwezokuvakasha esifundazweni, bazosinika umbono obanzi wezinto ezahlukahlukene zesitayela sendawo yokwakha. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kukhona amanye amathempeli ama-baroque esifundazweni nokuthi isitayela sebhasikidi sidlulela ezakhiweni esezenziwe ezomphakathi noma ezindlini zokukhonzela ebeziyingxenye ye-pulque, imfuyo noma izindawo zokuhlomula ezakhiwe eTlaxcala.
Isifunda sasePuebla-Tlaxcala sasinokubaluleka okukhulu kwezomnotho, ezepolitiki nezenkolo phakathi nekhulu le-17 nele-18. Lobu bukhazikhazi buholele emisebenzini emikhulu yokwakha kuze kube yimanje engabonwa nje kuphela enhlokodolobha yayo, kodwa nasemadolobheni asePuebla njengeCholula ne-Atlixco.
I-baroque, njengesitayela esacatshangelwa abaphathi bamaKatolika sokumelwa kwezithombe zayo eziningi, yathola umfutho onamandla eNew Spain, owondliwa ngabasebenzi bezobuciko nabaningi bomdabu. EMelika, i-baroque ithole ama-nuances angalindelekile, umkhiqizo wokuvumelanisa phakathi kwesiko laseSpain, izimpande zomdabu, kanye namathonya ase-Afrika. EMexico, futhi ikakhulukazi esifundeni sasePuebla-Tlaxcala, ukunyathela kwamaNdiya kwabonakala emathempelini ngisho nangemva kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka yekoloni. Mhlawumbe isibonelo esivelele kunazo zonke yisonto laseSanta María Tonantzintla, eningizimu yeCholula, ngosimende lwalo lwe-polychrome oluncintisana ngokuxuba izinto ezinamahlamvu egolide eCapilla del Rosario ePuebla.
E-Tlaxcala abantu bomdabu bebengafuni ukusala emuva futhi baqopha nezindawo zabo zokuthwebula ezine-polychrome eCamarín de la Virgen, e-Ocotlán, ebhabhadisini lethempeli laseSan Bernardino Contla, kanye ne-sacristy yethempeli laseSan Antonio Acuamanala, phakathi kwezinye izindawo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesitayela esisemthethweni nesezemfundo esikhuthazwa amaCreoles, nesithandwa futhi esizenzekelayo esenziwa ngabomdabu noma ama-mestizo, kuzoba yisici esinyathelisa ama-nuances angajwayelekile, kwesinye isikhathi aphikisanayo kepha ngokuvumelana okufunayo, emathempelini ama-Blaxque aseTlaxcala.
Ukuchaza nje kafushane amathempeli ayishumi nambili esiwavakashelayo kungadinga isikhala esiningi futhi kungasiphoqa ukuthi sikhawulele ukulandisa, ngakho-ke sikholwa ukuthi kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngokuhlangana nokwehluka kwesakhiwo, ukuze umfundi abe nomqondo ojwayelekile wezikhala zokwakha. ilusizo lapho unquma ukuzazisa ngamehlo akho. Ngaphandle kwelinye lamathempeli ayishumi nambili, elaseTepeyanco, bonke abanye banokuma kwe-transept yabo bebheke empumalanga, indlela eya eJerusalema, lapho uMhlengi abethelwa khona. Ngenxa yalokho, ingaphambili lalo libheke entshonalanga. Lesi sici senza intambama isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuzithwebula.
Kunesici esithakazelisa kakhulu esinomthelela ojulile wepulasitiki kuma-facade amanye ala mathempeli: ukusetshenziswa kosimende, okwenziwe nge-lime nesihlabathi futhi kufakwa enkabeni yamatshe. Ndawonye neSanctuary yase-Ocotlán, amathempeli eSan Nicolás Panotla naseSanta María Atlihuetzia babelana ngale ndlela. Le ndlela ivela ekwakhiweni kwe-Andalusian futhi inomsuka wayo emazweni ase-Arab.
Umehluko wezitayela ezingxenyeni ezingaphambili ubonakala, kuhlanganiswa izakhi zama-baroque nama-façades we-austere ne-plateresque. Izinguquko ezitholwe ezigabeni zokwakha ezahlukahlukene zidume kabi, futhi kukhona nemibhoshongo engakaqedwa, njengaleyo eseTepeyanco. Ngalo mqondo, indawo engaphambili yeSanctuary yase-Ocotlán idlula ezinye ngenxa yobunye obuphelele bazo zonke izinto zayo.
Ingaphambili leSanta Inés Zacatelco, ebonwa kude, linikeza umuzwa wokuqina, kepha uma ulibukisisa, likhombisa ukuhlobisa okunothile ezindaweni zalo zenkwali. Ezinye izinto, njengamaski ahlanze izithelo (uphawu lobuningi nokuminza) noma ubuso obuvela emilonyeni yabo kuphuma amavolumu angenakubalwa ahlanganiswe namahlamvu azungezile, kuveza imininingwane yeChapel yaseRosario neSanta María Tonantzintla ePuebla.
Ingaphakathi lamathempeli nalo liletha isethi yezimanga. Njengasezingaphambili, sithola ukugqama kwesitayela; kodwa-ke, kunamathempeli amaningana angaziqhayisa ngobunye bezakhiwo ngenxa yokuthi azange zakhiwe ngezigaba ezihlukene. U-Ocotlán ungomunye wabo, njengoSanta María Magdalena Tlatelulco noSan Dionisio Yauhquemehcan, umhlobiso wawo wangaphakathi usabela kakhulu esitayeleni samaBaroque.
Ukungafani kwezitayela akusho ukuthi amathempeli entula ubuhle noma ukuzwana. Kokunye, iBaroque neNeoclassical ziyahlangana ngempumelelo, zize zinikeze owokugcina ukuphumula okubonakalayo emakamelweni. E-San Bernardino Contla zombili izitayela zihlanganisiwe, zimboza zonke izikhala zama-vaults, izigubhu, ama-pendentives nezindonga. Leli sonto linesici esingajwayelekile sokuba nezindlu ezimbili emgodini waso, okunikeza indawo ebukekayo ukubonakala okukhulu nokukhanya.
Izinsika ze-altare, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zimelela ukubonakaliswa okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-baroqueism yokwakha nokwakha, ngobuningi babo bezintambo, imingcele, amaqoqo kanye nobuso obonakala buvela njengamahlumela ezimbali avuleka maphakathi nehlathi. Akunakwenzeka ukwenza incazelo esikhaleni esifushane kangaka sezinsika, ama-pilasters, ama-niches, ama-niches, amahlamvu, abangcwele, izintombi, izingelosi, amakherubi, amagobolondo, izindondo, ama-reliefs aphezulu, ama-bas-reliefs, izithombe zikaKristu neminye imininingwane eminingi egcwalisa lezi zinqwaba zokhuni embozwe ucwecwe lwegolide.
Kuneminye imininingwane eminingi okufanele ishiwo emathempelini aseTlaxcala baroque. Phakathi kwabo ukuvuma izono okuyimbili kweSan Luis Teolocholco, ubuciko bangempela bokwenza ikhabethe, kanye nomugqa wokubhapathizwa oqoshiwe enkwalini kanye nomuntu onelukuluku lokwazi waseNdiya njengesisekelo. Ipulpiti laseSan Antonio Acuamanala, nalo elenziwe ngenkwali, linobuso obubunjiwe, amaqoqo emivini nezinye izinto zokuhlobisa eziheha ukunakwa ngokushesha. Izitho ze-Baroque, ezisekhwayeni, ziphoqa ukuba khona kwazo okunamandla okuvela phezulu. Okungenani kunezimo ezimbili ezisesimweni esihle (lezo ze-Ocotlán neZacatelco) ezilinde ngesineke izandla ezihle ezihola indlela yemimoya eya ekuzwaneni kwezulu.
Ngiphetha lencazelo ngiyazi ukuthi kungukuphawula kuphela ngale ngcebo yokwakha; isimemo nje kumfundi sokuthatha uhambo oluya kulawo makona enani elikhulu lobuciko nelingokomfanekiso, eziningi zazo ezingaziwa yilabo abanquma ukuhlola izindlela ezintsha.
