Kusekuseni ngo-Okthoba 29, 1974 edolobheni laseMérida, insika yaqala umsebenzi obuhlungu, izisebenzi zabasebenzi zahlasela udonga lwe-limestone nolungavikelekile lwe-Olympus eyaziwayo.
Ezinsukwini ezisanda kwedlula, imicimbi ibisenzeka ngesivinini esikhulu futhi ibhalansi ibimbi. ISecretariat for Coordinated Public Health Services, ngoNovemba 7 wangonyaka ofanayo, bebecele umbono ngesimo sesakhiwo saleli bhilidi. Umphumela oyimpikiswano wawungemuhle, okwadala ukuthi i-Secretariat esishiwo ngenhla ivala izikhungo ezazisaqhubeka nalesi sakhiwo. Abaphathi beMeya uCevallos Gutiérrez babhekana nalesi sigameko sokugcina.
Ngemuva kwegalelo ngalinye lobumba, ngemuva kokususwa ngakunye kwemfucumfucu, kwavela izinsalela eziqinile zamatshe aqoshiwe, ofakazi bokuziphendukela kwemvelo okwakhiwa okude, okuxhumanisa kwabo okuyisitayela kufakazela isimo senhlonipho sabaklami bangaphambili, ukukhathazeka kwabo okungenakuphikwa ngokuvumelana kwemvelo, Kulo mzuzu wobumnyama, siyakhohlwa.
Lesi sakhiwo esaziwa kakhulu nge-El Olimpo sithatha indawo engu-2,227 m2, enendawo eyakhiwe engu-4,473 m2, ekhoneni elisenyakatho lobuso basentshonalanga besikwele esiphakathi, isikwele esize ngaphambi kwalokhu kuhlasela, salondoloza zonke izakhiwo indingiliziwe.
Ekuthomeni kwekhulu le-18, entshonalanga yesikwele esikhulu saseMérida,… ”kwasala izinsalela zolunye lwamagquma amakhulu aseMayan lapho izakhamuzi zazisebenzise ithuba lokwakha. Lapho ubukhulu bayo sebunciphile, izindlu zaqala ukwakhiwa ngaphesheya kweplaza… ”(Miller, 1983). Kungenzeka ukuthi umnikazi wokuqala wale ndawo, uDon Francisco Ávila, wakha isakhiwo esifana nesimo saso kulabo ababezungeze isikwele ngaleso sikhathi, esisezingeni elilodwa, elilula, elinezinsimbi eziboshiwe, iminyango emide yokubaza okunamandla futhi ukuthi eminyakeni edlule, ngesikhathi impahla iphethwe yinzalo yaso, lesi sakhiwo sesivele saba yindlu enkulu enamazinga amabili, lapho isitezi esiphansi sasisebenza njengendawo yokugcina impahla yemikhiqizo yabaninipulazi futhi kwesinye isikhathi njengokuhweba futhi, isitezi esingenhla njengamakamelo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi esitezi esiphansi, empumalanga, ibizoba neminyango eyisikhombisa eholele ethekwini futhi ngokushesha iphaseji ize ifinyelele kuvulandi ophakathi nendawo.
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 (1783), umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo kaMerida Don José Cano uthathe isinyathelo sokwakha izingcingo phambi kwendlu yakhe. Umkhandlu wedolobha, ngenkathi unikeza ilayisense, wagunyaza ukwelula imvume kubo bonke abahlali basezócalo. Ngo-1792 impahla okukhulunywa ngayo yayisivele yamukele isidlaliso sayo sokuqala esithi "indlu yamaJesuit", mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi uDon Pedro Faustino, owayengumnikazi, wayesondelene kakhulu namalungu aleli oda.
Ngalesi sikhathi, i-façade enikezwe ibheke esigcawini, kulelo nalelo zinga, izingosi zayo ezinhle ezakhiwe ngamakhothamo ayisiyingi ayi-13 asekelwa amakholomu azo aqoshiwe enkwalini ye-invoyisi yaseTuscan; I-eksisi ye-axial ikhonjisiwe kule façade njengoba umbhoshongo wensimbi owakhiwe nge-ogee arch encane wawubekwe phezulu noma ku-trestle, okuvela kuwo izingqinamba emabangeni ajwayelekile, aqondana nezimbaza zezinsika, ezinhlangothini zombili; Izinsimbi zensimbi ezinezinsimbi ezenziwe ngokhuni zazitholakala lapho kuhlanganiswa khona i-arch engenhla. Kungenzeka ukuthi i-facade yasenyakatho yashintshwa kuphela yi-arcade eyayinamathiselwe empumalanga.
Abanikazi abaningi balandelana ngaphandle kokuba impahla yenze ushintsho olukhulu, bamelana kahle nokuhlaselwa kwe-neoclassicism njengesembozo sokwakha izinhloso ze-republican. Kodwa-ke, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngaphansi kwesandla sebhonanza esikhulayo, idolobha lonke lashaqeka ngemiphumela yokwanda komnotho.
Ngo-1883, uNkk. Eloísa Fuentes de Romero, ngaleso sikhathi owayengumnikazi wendawo, wathatha izinyathelo zokulungisa kabusha izingosi futhi waqala ukusebenza ngokudiliza uphahla lwenkundla ephakeme, ngokufanayo ne-mezzanine eyadilizwa kuze kube yileso sikhathi yayiqhosha ngaphandle kwesidudla nophahla.
Esitezi esingaphansi, kwakugqokwe amakholomu enkwali yaseTuscan, okwenza kubonakale izinsika futhi esitezi esingenhla amakholomu e-arcade engaphandle nalawo egceke elingaphakathi athathelwa indawo amanye e-oda laseKorinte; uhlelo lokwakhiwa kwamaphahla kulezi zindawo lufaka izinto zensimbi njengoba lusebenzisa imishayo yaseBelgium ehambisana nezihlanganisi zokhuni.
Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, isakhiwo sendawo sesakhiwo besilondolozwe cishe, yize imiphumela yokulungiswa kwe-façade ikhiqize ibhalansi ye-neoclassical, lapho isici sasenyakatho esibhekene naso sihlobene nobunzima kufaadade yasempumalanga. Lokhu, ekhothameni layo elingezansi, kunezinsika eziyizintambo ezine ezisika nhlangothi zombili, ngayinye inovulandi ngaphambili, ogcina imengamo eyi-13 eyindilinga yomklamo wokuqala; Ngaphandle kokubunjwa, amakholomu nezinsika, leli zinga laligcwele ukwahlukana. Esitezi esingenhla, ikhodi iyahlukahluka, yize kusetshenziswa ukwakheka okufanayo, ngamakholomu ayi-14 aseKorinte ahlala ezisekelweni zawo futhi phakathi kwawo, ujantshi owakhiwe ngama-balusters; Lezi zinhlu zisekela ukufakwa okungamanga, kuhlotshiswe ngama-stucco cornices; phezulu kwalesi sakhiwo kwakhiwa uthango olususelwa kumabhalustrade, ayenengxenye emaphakathi yefulegi esezingeni lesisekelo nayo ehlotshiswe nge-stucco, ezungezwe izinqa ezimbili ezibheke emaphethelweni aqondana ne-axis ye-penultimate intercolumnium.
I-façade yasenyakatho inyusa inani layo leminyango futhi isuka kwesithupha iye kweyisishiyagalombili, emibili eyenza umehluko inamathiselwe ezinhlangothini zombili zehholo eyayinalo ekuqaleni; Ngalesi setha ikhava yakhelwe ngokususelwa kumakholoni abonisa amakhodi asetshenziswa empumalanga. Esitezi esingenhla, inani lamawindi ligcinwa futhi ligcwaliswa ngamabhalkhoni asuselwa kuma-balustrade, ama-jambs nama-lintels alingiswa nge-stucco; ukuphela kulesi sigaba kune-butress ngaphambili kwehholo le-invoyisi efanayo naleyo efana nayo engxenyeni engasempumalanga.
Kamuva, cishe ngonyaka we-1900, ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sakhiwo kwaba kwezentengiselwano ngokugqamile, kungalesi sikhathi lapho kwavela khona indawo yokudlela i-El Olimpo, eyanika isidlaliso lesi sakhiwo esidumile nesinikezwa esami nanamuhla. Abathengisi basemgwaqweni nezitebele ezilingana kancane zafakwa emaphaseji kwathi ngo-1911, owayengumbusi uManuel Cirerol Canto engumnikazi wazo, isitezi esingenhla sasigcwele izinsiza zeSpain Center of Mérida. Ukuze kwandiswe izindawo, amatheku angaphandle esitezi esingenhla namabhayi aseparao emaphakathi ayavalwa.
Ukuguqulwa kokugcina kwempahla kwenziwa cishe ngonyaka we-1919 lapho abanikazi bezakhiwo ezikhona ekhoneni baphoqeleka ukuba benze ama-chamfers, ngenhloso yokuthanda ukubonakala kwezinqola kanye nokuhamba "komubi wamanje wedolobha", imoto, ngaleso sikhathi eyayikhuphuka ngenombolo. Ngenxa yalesi silinganiso, i-El Olimpo ilahlekelwe yi-arch yokugcina enyakatho ye-facade yayo eyinhloko, iguqula leli eliseCalle 61, eligcine lihlala endaweni eqondile, ukulungiswa kwalungisa isikhala esisele se-facade esempumalanga ukuba "sigcwaliswe ”Ngokushintshaniswa kwamakhoneni amane, odongeni olungaboni esitezi esingaphansi nangamakhothamo acijile esitezi esingenhla.
Ebhekene nokunganaki kwabanikazi bayo abalandelanayo, kusukela ngawo-1920 kuya phambili, u-El Olimpo wangena esigabeni sokuwohloka kancane kancane kwaze kwaba ngo-1974. Ukuvumelana okuvamile akuzange kuhlanganyele isimo esikhohlakele sokudilizwa kwalo, ngoba yize ukuwohloka kwakukubi impela, kungenzeka ukubuyiselwa. Ngokulahleka kuka-El Olimpo, umphakathi wedolobha laseMerida wakwazi ukuvuka ebudikadikeni, izibonelo ezinhle zokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zase zivele zalahleka, kepha lezi zenzo zazithathelwe phansi. Ngodlame lokubhidlizwa kwe-El Olimpo, okuhlaselayo kwakuqondiswe enkabeni yedolobha, ngasenkabeni yalo, imvelaphi yendawo yedolobha, imvelaphi yomlando, ukuqala kwenkumbulo kanye nophawu oluyisisekelo lokuhlala.
ICentral Square yaseMerida ivelele, phakathi kwabanye, ngobuhle obukhulu nokumela ukuxhumana kwayo kwezakhiwo. Ngokungabikho kuka-El Olimpo asilahlanga nje ubumbano, ukuvumelana nokwakheka kwendawo, kodwa futhi nalokho abanye abakubiza ngokuthi inkumbulo yesikhashana, ubuhlalu bomlando, ubukhulu besine; akusona isikwele esifanayo, ilahlekelwe yingxenye yomlando wayo.
Njengamanje, iziphathimandla zikhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esizothatha indawo ye-Olympus ekade ilangazelelwa. Kuzwakale imibono eyehlukene mayelana nokuthi lesi sakhiwo esisha kufanele sibe yini noma akufanele sibe yini. Okuthile ngaphezu kwakho konke kuyabonakala, uma kwenzeka indawo lapho kwakukhona indawo enabantu abaningi yakhiwa ibhilidi elisha, lokhu kuzobe kuwukubonakaliswa kwesimo somphakathi esinaso mayelana nefa lethu lokwakha, futhi ngaleso sikhathi, Ukudilizwa kwempahla kukhombise ukunganaki okukhona maqondana namagugu ethu amasiko.
Umthombo: IMexico ngesikhathi esingu-17 Mashi-Ephreli 1997
