Ugwadule lwaseChihuahuan luyikhaya lezimfihlo ezingenakubalwa: ama-horizons angenakuqondakala, imishayo ejulile, imifula engumoya kanye nezimbali eziqothula i-monotony ebonakalayo ngemibono egqamile yombala.
Iphinde ivikele enye yezindawo ezimbalwa kakhulu emhlabeni eziphikisana nemingcele yomcabango womuntu: AmaPolvorilla, noma njengoba abantu bakhona besho, "indawo yamatshe phezulu".
Ukuhamba phakathi kwala matshe kusho ukungena ku-labyrinth lapho isikhala siguqulwa khona nesikhathi sidlula phakathi kwamahora adlulayo, imizuzu ekhululekile nezikhathi zaphakade. Umuntu wazi izinto zesimo: umhlaba ohambayo, amanzi agijimayo, umoya oshisayo kanye nokushisa kwelanga elingakhathali kuhlangana namakhaza asebusuku phakathi neminyaka eyizinkulungwane, futhi ndawonye babaza indilinga, isikwele, unxantathu, ubuso bowesifazane, umbhangqwana uhlangana ngokwanga kwamaminerali, nqunu ngemuva. Ngempela, kule ndawo umkhondo wobunkulunkulu wathathwa: akunakwenzeka, akunakulinganiswa, akunakufinyeleleka.
Isisho samadwala sitshela umlando wezwe lethu, njengobuso obushubile bendoda endala obufakazela impilo yayo. Uma bekwazi ukukhuluma nathi, igama elivela kubo lingahlala iminyaka eyishumi; ibinzana, ikhulu. Futhi uma besingakwazi ukuwaqonda, bebengasitshelani ngawo? Mhlawumbe bangasitshela inganekwane eyashiwo ogogo nomkhulu babo eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-87 edlule ...
Emtatsheni wezincwadi wasekhaya lakhe edolobheni laseChihuahua, isazi sokuma komhlaba uCarlos García Gutiérrez, umhumushi oyingcweti wolimi lwamatshe nomhlanganisi womlando wabo, uchaza ukuthi ngesikhathi se-Upper Cretaceous ipuleti iFarallón yaqala ukungena ngaphansi kwezwekazi laseMelika, ukukhulisa ulwandle olukhulu olusuka eCanada luye maphakathi nezwe lethu. Isikhathi seJurassic sabona ukuqala kwenqubo yokweqa lapho inqwaba yamatshe esindayo ingena ngaphansi kwamatshe alula. (Ngenxa yesisindo sayo, itshe le-basalt litholakala ngaphansi kolwandle futhi lethulwa ngaphansi kwetshe le-rhyolitic, elilula futhi elenza umzimba wamazwekazi.) Lokhu kushayisana kushintshe i-physiognomy yeplanethi, kwakheka izintaba eziphakeme njenge i-Andes kanye neHimalaya, futhi yakhiqiza ukuzamazama komhlaba nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo.
E-Chihuahua, eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye eyedlule, ukuhlangana phakathi kwepuleti iFarallón nezwekazi lethu kwaphoqa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi uLwandle lwaseMexico ukuba buhlehlele ngaseGulf of Mexico, inqubo eyayizohlala iminyaka eyizigidi eziningana. Namuhla, inkumbulo kuphela esinayo ngalolo lwandle yisizinda saseRio Grande kanye nezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle: ama-ammonite amahle, ama-oysters amakhulu kanye nezicucu zamakhorali afrified.
Lokhu kuhamba kwama-tectonic kwaveza inkathi yokuqhuma okukhulu kwentaba-mlilo okwasukela eningizimu kuya kulokho namuhla okuyiRio Grande. Ama-boiler amakhulu afinyelela kumakhilomitha angamashumi amabili ububanzi avumela amandla akhiqizwe ukushayisana kwamapuleti aphunyuke, futhi itshe le-incandescent lithole ukuphuma kwalo ngemifantu engxenyeni yomhlaba. Ama-calderas ayenempilo eyisilinganiso seminyaka eyisigidi, kwathi lapho efa ashiya amagquma amakhulu abazungezile, aziwa ngokuthi ama-ring dikes ngoba azungeza imigodi efana nezindandatho futhi awavimbela ekusakazekeni. EMexico, izinga lokushisa kwetshe elincibilikisiwe laliphansi ngokwedlulele, lifinyelela kuma-degrees Celsius angama-700 kuphela hhayi ku-1 000 aqoshwe ezintabeni zaseHawaii. Lokhu kwanikeza isimilo esincanyana kakhulu futhi esinokuqhuma okuningi ezintabeni-mlilo zaseMexico, futhi iziqubu ezijwayele ukuphonswa zaphonsa umlotha omkhulu emoyeni. Njengoba wehla wabuyela ebusweni bomhlaba, umlotha waqoqeka ngohlaka futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, waqina wahlanganiswa. Lapho ama-calderas ekugcineni ecinyiwe futhi nomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo wehla eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-22 edlule, izingqimba ze-tuff zaqina.
Kepha umhlaba awuphumuli. Ukunyakaza okusha kwama-tectonic, obekuvele kunodlame oluncane, kuphuke ama-tuffs kusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, futhi ngenxa yemvelo eyimbudumbudu yedwala, kwakhiwa amaketanga amabhlogo ayisikwele. Amabhulokhi ayegqagqana ngoba ama-tuff ayakheke ngezendlalelo. Izimvula, ezaziningi kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, zathinta ingxenye esengozini enkulu yamabhulokhi, okungukuthi, imiphetho yazo ebukhali, base beyizungeza nge-patter yabo ephikelelayo. Olimini lwamatshe, oluchazwe ngumuntu, inqubo enjalo inegama lesimo sezulu esiyindilinga.
Lokhu kuguqulwa kokuma komhlaba kutholakale izici ezibalulekile empilweni yethu yansuku zonke. Isibonelo, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kwaqothula wonke amadiphozi kawoyela eningizimu yeRio Grande, futhi kwasala amadiphozi amaningi eTexas. Ngasikhathi sinye, imithambo ecebile nemithambo ye-zinc ibigxile eChihuahua, engekho ngaphesheya komgodi waseRio Grande.
Ubunono bamatshe buveza ikusasa elingacabangeki. Eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-12 eyedlule ukunwetshwa kwesizinda seRio Grande kwaqala. Njalo ngonyaka u-Ojinaga ususa amamitha ambalwa ukusuka emfuleni. Ngaleli zinga, kungakapheli iminyaka eyizigidi eziyikhulu ingxenye enkulu yoGwadule lwaseChihuahuan izophinde ibe ulwandle, futhi wonke amadolobha asemngceleni, noma izinsalela zawo, azobe esecwile emanzini. Umuntu kuzofanele akhe amachweba okuhambisa izimpahla zekusasa. Ngaleso sikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi amatshe asePolvorilla asasele, aqaphe amabhishi amakhulu.
Namuhla, ukwakheka okungavamile kusabalale kuyo yonke indawo futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi uzihlole ngesineke ukuthola ukugxila okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Umlingo wayo wembulwa ngokugcwele ekuntweleni kokusa, kusihlwa, nasekukhanyeni kwenyanga, lapho amadwala ethola ubugagu obungavamile. Kwesinye isikhathi uzizwa sengathi uku-ekseleni le-wheel elinezikhulumi zalo ezingabagijimi, okukhombisa umlando wokwakheka kwalo ngokwendawo. Ukuhamba phakathi kwalokhu kuthula, umuntu akazizwa eyedwa.
IPolvorillas ilele ngaphansi kweSierra del Virulento, kumasipala wase-Ojinaga. Ukusuka eCamargo uye e-Ojinaga, cishe amamayela angamashumi amane ukusuka eLa Perla, usike umgwaqo owubhuqu uye ngakwesokudla. Igebe leqa i-El Virulento futhi, ngemuva kohambo lwamakhilomitha angama-45, ufinyelela enkabeni yezindlu, eduze kwesikole samabanga aphansi. Izakhamizi ezimbalwa lapho zizinikele ekufuyeni izinkomo nasekukhiqizeni ushizi we-ranchero ovela ezimbuzini nasezinkomeni (bheka i-Unknown Mexico No. 268). Yize zikhona ezinye izingane ezidlala phakathi kwamatshe, iningi lezakhamizi ngabantu asebekhulile ngoba abantu abasha baya ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni kuqala ukuyofunda amabanga aphakeme bese beyofuna umsebenzi kuma-maquiladoras.
Kunemigwaqo eminingi yobhuqu exhuma le ndawo neSanta Elena Canyon Reserve. Abahloli bezindawo zasogwadule bangakwazi ukulandela umkhondo wabo ngosizo lwemephu enhle ye-INEGI kanye nezikhombisi zezakhamizi zendawo. Izimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo amane ziyadingeka, kepha ifenisha kufanele ibe ngaphezulu noma kancane futhi umshayeli akumele axhamazele, ukuze akwazi ukuzijwayeza ukuzijabulisa kwebhodi. Amanzi abalulekile - umuntu angahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto engadlile, kepha afe emva kwezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu ngaphandle kwamanzi - futhi ahlala evuseleleka lapho ethulwa ebusuku futhi esongwe ngezingubo zokulala ukuhamba. Uphethiloli othengwe eceleni komgwaqo noma ezikhungweni zabantu kuyabiza, kepha kuyalulekwa ukungena esifundeni nethangi eligcwele uma uhlela ukuthatha uhambo olude. I-chewing gum ilungele ukufaka imbobo encane ethangini likaphethiloli, futhi amathayi amahle okusindisa kanye nepompo lesandla kungumbono omuhle wokupakisha. Kungcono ukuvakashela lezi zindawo entwasahlobo, ekwindla noma ebusika, ngoba ukushisa kwasehlobo kunamandla kakhulu. Ekugcineni, uma kukhulunywa ngezinkinga, abantu bendawo bayasekelana kakhulu, ngoba bayakuqonda ukuthi ukusizana kuyikho okwenza impilo ogwadule ibekhona.
Ngenxa yokwandiswa nokuhlukile kwamatshe, le ndawo iyigugu elibalulekile, elifanele ukuhlonishwa nokunakekelwa okukhulu. Mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha, amaPolvorillas abelana ngezinkinga ezifanayo nezindawo eziningana oGwadule lwaseChihuahuan: ingqalasizinda engeyinhle, ukusweleka kwamanzi kanye nokungabi nentshisekelo ekwakheni izinhlelo ezifanele zemvelo yasehlane kanye namaphrojekthi abiwe kuma-ejidos. Ngo-1998 kwaphakanyiswa iphrojekthi yezokuvakasha, kodwa kuze kube yimanje yonke into isemi ezimpawu ezimbili zezilimi eceleni komgwaqo ememezela ama-Piedras Encimadas; ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokushoda kwezinsiza zehhotela akuzange kuvune ukufika okukhulu kwezivakashi, okungaba kuhle ekulondolozweni kwendawo.
Ugwadule luyindawo enokhahlo, kepha abantu abafunde ukushintsha ukunethezeka okuvamile kwezokuvakasha ukuze babe nokuhlangenwe nakho okwedlulele babuyile ezindaweni zabo zokudabuka benolwazi olunzulu ngezinto zokuqala zempilo ezizobondla bonke abanye. wezinsuku zakhe.
Umthombo: I-Mexico engaziwa engu-286 / Disemba 2000
