Kule ndawo, lapho kuhwalala, kwenzeka umbukwane omangazayo: emlonyeni womhume kuphuma ikholomu eyakhiwe izinkulungwane zamalulwane endiza ngobunono obungajwayelekile.
Emihumeni yase-Agua Blanca, lapho kuhwalala, kwenzeka umbukwane omangazayo. Emlonyeni womhume kuphuma ikholomu eyakhiwe yizinkulungwane zamalulwane ezikhipha ama-screeche aphezulu futhi endiza ngobunono obumangazayo. Akukho nelilodwa elihlasela amagatsha nemivini elenga emnyango; bonke benza ngazwilinye bekhuphuka njengefu elimnyama ngasekuhwalweni.
Isigcawu esimnandi sithatha cishe imizuzu emihlanu futhi simemezela ukuvuswa kwezidalwa ezingenakubalwa ezihlala ehlathini, phakathi kwazo, amalulwane, esinye sezilwane ezithakazelisa kakhulu, ezimangazayo futhi ezingaziwa kakhulu kumuntu.
Amalulwane ukuphela kwezilwane ezincelisayo emhlabeni nezindala kunazo zonke; imvelaphi yabo ibuyela emuva ku-Eocene, inkathi yesikhathi semfundo ephakeme eyaqala kusuka eminyakeni engama-56 kuya kweziyizigidi ezingama-37, futhi bahlukaniswa baba yimikhakha engaphansi kwemibili, iMegachiroptera neMicrochiroptera.
Iqembu lesibili lihlala ezwenikazi laseMelika, okubandakanya amalulwane aseMexico, anosayizi omncane kuya ophakathi, enamaphiko kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-90 cm ubude, enesisindo esisuka kumagremu amahlanu kuye kwangama-70 nemikhuba yasebusuku. Zonke izinhlobo ezikuleli qembu zinamandla okufunda nge-echolocate futhi kwezinye izindlela umuzwa wokubona nephunga ukhula ube sezingeni elikhulu noma elincane.
Ngenxa yesimo sezulu nesimo sezwe lethu, inani lezinhlobo zaseMexico liphezulu: i-137 isatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, yize kukhona nasezindaweni ezomile nezogwadule. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sicishe sibe nesihlanu kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezikhona ezingama-761 emhlabeni.
I-Echolocation, uhlelo oluhle
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi amalulwane awuhlobo oluthile lwegundane elindizayo, futhi yize igama lawo lisho igundane eliyimpumputhe, alilona noma elinye. Ziyizilwane ezincelisayo, okungukuthi, izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele nemizimba yazo embozwe izinwele futhi ezincelisa amaphuphu azo. Zinhlobo zonke, zincane futhi ziphakathi nendawo, zinezimpumulo ezinde nezinamakhomba, ubuso obusicaba namakhala ashwabene, enezindlebe ezimfushane namehlo amancane, uboya obusilika nobushubile, omnyama, onsundu, ompunga ngisho nangolintshi, kuya ngombala. izinhlobo nohlobo lokudla abakudlayo. Ngaphandle kokwehluka kwabo, bonke babelana ngesici esibenza bahluke: uhlelo lwabo lwe-echolocation.
Lapho amalulwane endiza, anohlelo lwemisindo oluthuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni, aphakeme kakhulu kunanoma yiziphi ezisetshenziswa izindiza zokulwa; Benza lokhu ngokusebenzisa ama-screeches akhishwa ngesikhathi sendiza. Isiginali ihamba esikhaleni, igxume izinto eziqinile, bese ibuyela ezindlebeni zakho njenge-echo, ikuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi ngabe yidwala, isihlahla, isinambuzane, noma into engabonakali njengenwele lomuntu.
Ngenxa yalokhu nezimpiko zazo, empeleni okuyizandla ezineminwe emide ehlanganiswe ulwelwesi lwesikhumba oluncane, zihamba ngokushelela emoyeni ngezindawo eziqinile noma emasimini avulekile, lapho zifinyelela khona isivinini esifinyelela ku-100 km ngehora. nokuphakama kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu.
Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, amalulwane ayizilwane ezithobekile futhi ezihlakaniphile ezihlala nathi cishe nsuku zonke, esingazibona lapho sizibona emapaki, ema-cinema, ezingadini, emigwaqweni nasezigcawini zedolobha zizingela izinambuzane ebumnyameni. Bakude kakhulu nokuba yizidalwa ezesabekayo nezomele igazi ezenzelwe izinganekwane, futhi imininingwane elandelayo izokufakazela lokho.
Ezinhlotsheni ezingama-137 zaseMexico, ama-70% ayizinambuzane, ama-17% adla izithelo, ama-9% umpe nempova, kanti kuma-4% asele - okwakhiwa izinhlobo eziyisithupha- ezintathu zidla ama-vertebrate amancane kanti ezinye ezintathu ezibizwa ngama-vampire, ezondla ngegazi lezilwane zazo futhi zihlasela ngokuyinhloko izinyoni nezinkomo.
Kuyo yonke iRiphabhuliki
Amalulwane ahlala kulo lonke izwe futhi atholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo, lapho ahlala khona ezihlahleni eziyize, emifantwini, ezimayini ezilahliwe nasemihumeni. Kamuva zitholakala ngamanani abalulekile, kusuka ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa kuya ezigidini zabantu.
Bahlala kanjani emihumeni? Ukuze sithole futhi sifunde okwengeziwe ngabo, sangena emhumeni waseLa Diaclasa, e-Agua Blanca State Park, eTabasco, lapho kuhlala khona ikoloni elikhulu.
Amalulwane anesiphephelo engxenyeni emaphakathi yomhume, lapho kuvela khona iphunga elinamandla le-ammonia kusukela kubulongwe obubekwe phansi egalari. Ukufika lapho sidlula emhubheni ophansi futhi omncane ukunakekela ukungafafazwa ngumsinga we-guano. Ngale, kumamitha angama-20, umgudu uvuleka ungene ekamelweni bese kuvela umbono omnandi nokhombisa ukucabanga; izinkulungwane zamalulwane zilenga zibheke phansi ezindongeni nasesigungwini. Yize kuyingozi ukunikeza isibalo, silinganisela ukuthi okungenani kunabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, abakha amaqoqo ayiqiniso.
Ngoba bathambekele kakhulu ekuphazanyisweni, sihamba kancane lapho sithatha izithombe. Amalulwane amadala namancane ahlala lapha, futhi njengoba kuyintwasahlobo izinsana eziningi ezisanda kuzalwa. Ngokuvamile, owesifazane ngamunye unentsha eyodwa ngudoti ngamunye ngonyaka, yize izinhlobo ezethula ezimbili noma ezintathu zibikiwe; isikhathi sokuncelisa sithatha izinyanga ezimbili kuya kweziyisithupha, lapho omama bephuma bayokondla nezingane zabo ezinamathele ngokuqinile ebeleni. Lapho isisindo sezinsizwa siba yisithiyo ekubalekeni, bashiya bephethe abanye besifazane abenza ukunakekelwa okudingekayo. Iqiniso elimangazayo ukuthi lapho ebuyela esidlekeni futhi ngaphandle kokungabaza, umama angathola ingane yakhe phakathi kwezinkulungwane zabantu.
Le ndawo inikeza amalulwane ukuphumula, indawo efanelekayo yokuzala, futhi iyawavikela ezilwaneni ezizingelayo. Ngenxa yemikhuba yabo yasebusuku, emini bahlala benganyakazi, belele ikhanda phansi, babambelele edwaleni ngemilenze yabo, ngendlela eyejwayelekile kubo. Lapho kuhwalala leli koloni liyasebenza futhi bayashiya emhumeni beyofuna ukudla.
Ezika-Agua Blanca
La malulwane avela emndenini iVespertilionidae, ohlanganisa izinhlobo zezinambuzane eziphila iminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu nabanye kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ngoba banesibopho sokuhlakaza inani elikhulu lembewu ezithelweni abazidlayo, bathatha impova yezimbali zezihlahla nezitshalo ebezingasoze zithele izithelo, ezifana nomango kanye ugwava, ubhanana wasendle, isapote nopelepele, phakathi kokunye okuningi. Njengokungathi lokho bekunganele, ikholoni i-Agua Blanca ishwabadela cishe ithani lezinambuzane ubusuku ngabunye, okufaka isandla ekulawuleni inani labantu bayo ukuze kusizakale ezolimo.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, amalulwane ayenendawo ekhethekile emcabangweni wenkolo yamasiko aseMesoamerican. AmaMaya ambiza nge-tzotz futhi ammela kuma-urns, amabhokisi empepho, izibuko nezinto eziningi, njengamaZapotec, ayemthatha njengomunye wonkulunkulu babo ababaluleke kakhulu. KumaNahuas aseGuerrero ilulwane kwakuyisithunywa sabonkulunkulu, esenziwe nguQuetzalcóatl ngokuchitha imbewu yakhe etsheni, kuyilapho kuma-Aztec kwakungunkulunkulu wabaphansi, ochazwe kuma-codex njengoTlacatzinacantli, indoda elulwayo. Ngokufika kweSpanish, inkolo yalezi zilwane yanyamalala ukudala uchungechunge lwezinganekwane nezinsumansumane ezazingakhi, kepha kusekhona iqembu lesizwe elisalihloniphayo; amaTzotziles aseChiapas, ogama lakhe lisho ukuthi amadoda alulwayo.
Ukuntuleka kwethu kolwazi ngamalulwane kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zawo zokuhlala - ikakhulukazi amahlathi - kubonisa ingozi yokusinda kwalezi zilwane ezingavamile, futhi yize uhulumeni waseMexico usuvele umemezele izinhlobo ezine njengezisongelwa kanti ezingama-28 njengezingajwayelekile, kudingeka umzamo omkhulu ukuvikela bona. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho sizoqiniseka khona ukubabona behamba, njengobusuku ngabunye, besibhakabhaka saseMexico.
