Engxenyeni esempumalanga yesifundazwe iQuintana Roo, amakhilomitha ayi-12 eningizimu yenqaba yaseTulum, indawo ebalulekile yokuvubukula neyokuvakasha ogwini lwaseMexico iCaribbean, iSian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve itholakala, enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu yezwe neyesibili ngobukhulu enhlonhlweni yaseYucatan.
ISian Ka’an ihlanganisa indawo engamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-582 lapho kunezindawo zokuhlala zasemhlabeni, njengamahlathi ashisayo nezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi, nezindawo zasolwandle, njengendawo yesibili yezithiyo emhlabeni (eyokuqala ise-Australia).
Amaxhaphozi, akhiwa ama-savanna, amaxhaphozi, amaxhaphozi, ama-tasistales (umphakathi wesundu i-tasiste okhula emadamini asogwini), izindunduma ezisogwini nemihlume, kuhlala cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zobuso besiqiwu futhi kwakhiwa indawo eyisisekelo yokudla kanye ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezinyoni zasogwini.
Kule ndawo kuneBay of Ascension, enyakatho, kanye ne-Espíritu Santo, eningizimu; zombili zakhiwa okhiye, iziqhingi namachibi asogwini okuyikhaya lezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinyoni: izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-328 ezahlukahlukene, eziningi zazo ezaziwa njengogu, okukhona kuzo izinhlobo ezingama-86 okuyizinyoni zasolwandle, amadada, izindwandwe, onogolantethe nabasiki besihlabathi.
Izinsuku ezine sihambele itheku i-Ascención ukuvakashela amaGaytanes, iXhobón nezikhiye, kanye nezindawo ezahlukahlukene zokudla.
Enyakatho yetheku, sidabula ichibi elisogwini elaziwa ngokuthi i-El Río, sadabula amakoloni amabili azalanayo. Ekufikeni kwethu kulezi ziqhingana, kwamukelwa ama-silhouettes amaningi kanye nezinqongo zobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nobubunjwa, imilenze ephuzi, izimpaphe ezinhle, kanye nezikwele eziningi ezingenakuhlaliseka.
Ama-pelican ama-brown (Pelecanus occidentalis), ama-spoonbill ama-pink noma ama-chocolate (i-Platalea ajaja), ama-ibis amhlophe noma ama-cocopathians (i-Eudocimus albus) nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezindwandwe ezihlala kulezi zindawo, lapho izinyoni zeminyaka ehlukene zingabonakala khona: izinkukhu, amazinyane namancane, konke bekhala ngokudla kubazali babo.
Ngaseningizimu, sasisendaweni yokudla yaseLa Glorieta. Lapho, ama-plover, onogolantethe nezindwandwe bakha umdwebo wezithombe zokudansa, izidalwa ezihamba ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi zidla ama-mollusk, ama-crustaceans, izinambuzane, izinhlanzi nezilwane eziphila ezweni.
Ngokuvamile, izinyoni zasogwini zehlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu: amanzi, ulwandle nolwandle, ngokuya ngezindawo abahlala kuzo nokuzijwayeza abakulethela ukuhlala kulezi zindawo. Kodwa-ke, zonke zizala emhlabeni, okwenza kube sengozini yokuphazamiseka kwabantu.
Izinyoni zasemanzini ziyiqembu elivelele ezindaweni ezingasogwini lweSian Ka'an; Imvamisa zondla ngemizimba yamanzi amnandi nano brackish nasemgqeni wezinyoni zasemanzini kule ndawo, zimelwa abatshuzi (Podicipedidae), anhingas (Anhingidae), izindwandwe nezindwandwe (Ardeidae and Cochleariidae), ibis (Threskiornitidae), onogolantethe (Ciconnidae), ama-flamingos (iPhoenicoteridae), amadada (i-Anatidae), ama-rallids (ama-rallidae), ama-caraos (i-Aramidae), ne-kingfisher (i-Alcedinidae).
Izinyoni ezifudukayo ezinjengamadada nabatshuzi zibonakala emizimbeni yamanzi engajulile futhi ukudla kwazo kunguhlaza lwasemanzini kanye nama-microorganisms; ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinyoni ezihambayo ezifana nezindwandwe, onogolantethe, ama-flamingo nama-ibises zidla emanzini angajulile.
Emhlabeni jikelele, iqembu lezinyoni zasogwini lakhiwe yimindeni eyishumi nambili, ehlobene nezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi, ikakhulukazi ezingasogwini futhi ezondla ngamagciwane angenamgogodla emabhishi, kosilika, emaxhaphozini, emanzini amasentimitha ambalwa ukujula, nasendaweni ulwandle oluphakathi kwamanzi (indawo enqunyelwe amagagasi aphezulu nalawo aphansi). Inani elikhulu lalezi zinhlobo lifuduka kakhulu futhi lifaka phakathi ukunyakaza kokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kulesi Quintana Roo Reserve, izinyoni zasogwini zimelwe ama-jacanas (Jacanidae), ama-avocet (Recurvirostridae), ama-oystercatchers (Haematopodidae), ama-plovers (Charadriidae) kanye nama-sandpipers (Scolopacidae). Izinhlobo ezine kuphela zezinyoni zasogwini ezizalela eSian Ka'an, kanti ezinye zingabafuduki basebusika noma abafudukayo abadlulayo.
Abafuduki bathembele ebukhoneni besikhathi sezinsizakusebenza abazisebenzisayo emizileni yabo yokufuduka. Ezinye izinhlobo zisebenzisa amandla amaningi phakathi nohambo lwazo olude, futhi zize zilahlekelwe cishe uhhafu wesisindo somzimba wazo, ngakho-ke zidinga ukuthola kabusha ngesikhathi esifushane lawo mandla alahlekile esigabeni sokugcina sendiza. Ngakho-ke, amaxhaphozi esiqiwu ayindawo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhamba yezinyoni zasolwandle ezifudukayo.
Izinyoni zasolwandle zingamaqembu ahlukahlukene ancike olwandle ngokudla kwazo, futhi anokuzilolonga komzimba ukuze zihlale endaweni enosawoti omningi. Zonke izinyoni zasolwandle eSian Ka'an zondla izinhlanzi (ichthyophages), ezizithola emanzini angajulile eduze nogu.
Amaqembu alezi zinyoni angatholakala esiqiwini angama-pelican (Pelecanidae), ama-boobies (Sulidae), ama-cormorants noma ama-camachos (i-Phalacrocoracidae), ama-anhingas (i-Anhingidae), izinyoni ze-frigate noma izinyoni ze-frigate (i-Fregatidae), ama-seagulls, ama-tern kanye nama-skimmers (Lariidae) kanye ne-stercorarios (Stercorariidae).
Kwasithatha amahora amahlanu ukusuka edolobheni laseFelipe Carrillo Puerto ukufika endlini yesibani yasePunta Herrero, indawo yokungena eBahía del Espíritu Santo. Ngesikhathi sohambo sima ukubona ama-kites amabili (i-Harpagus bientatus), ama-chachalacas (Ortalis vetula), izingwe (Tigrisoma mexicanum), ama-caraos (i-Aramus guarauna), nezinhlobonhlobo zamajuba, amapholi namapholi, nezinyoni zezingoma.
Kuleli theku, yize lincane kunele-Ascension, amakoloni ezinyoni afihliwe phakathi kwenhlonhlo namanzi angajulile. Lokhu kwenza ukufinyelela kula makoloni kube nzima kancane futhi kwezinye izingxenye bekufanele siphoqe isikebhe.
Kule ndawo kunezidleke eziningana ze-osprey (Pandion haliaetus), okuyigama lazo elishoyo, ukuphakela izinhlanzi ezitholwe ngenqubo ehlaba umxhwele. Olunye uhlobo lwesidleke isikhova esinezimpondo (iBubo virginianus) esidla ezinye izinyoni zasemanzini ezihlala emakoloni.
Iningi lezinhlobo zezinyoni zamanzi izakhamuzi ezizalela eSian Ka'an, futhi cishe njalo zihlanganyela iziqhingi neziqhingana nezinyoni zasolwandle. Amakholoni asogwini olwandle akule ndawo cishe angama-25, lawo ayi-14 aseKuphakameni futhi ayishumi nanye kuMoya oNgcwele. La makoloni angakhiwa ngohlobo olulodwa (i-monospecific) noma kuze kube yishumi nanhlanu ehlukene (amakoloni ahlanganisiwe); esiqiwini iningi lamakholoni axubekile.
Izinyoni zihlala esidlekeni somhlume noma eziqhingini ezincane ezibizwa ngama "mogotes"; i-substrate yokuzala ingatholakala kusuka eduze kwezinga lamanzi kuya phezulu komhlume. Lezi ziqhingi ziyasuswa ezweni nezindawo zokuhlala kwabantu. Ukuphakama kwezimila ze-hummock kuyashintshashintsha phakathi kwamamitha amathathu kuya kwayishumi, futhi iningi lakhiwa umhlume obomvu (iRizophora mangle).
Lezi zinhlobo azihlali ngokungahleliwe maqondana nohlaza, kepha iphethini yokwabiwa kwezidleke izoncika ezinhlotsheni zezidleke: ukukhetha kwazo amagatsha athile, ukuphakama, umphetho noma ingaphakathi lohlaza.
Ekoloni ngalinye kukhona ukusatshalaliswa kwe-substrate nesikhathi sokudlekwa kohlobo. Uma kukhulu ubukhulu benyoni, ibanga phakathi kwezidleke zabantu kanye nezinhlobo nalo lizokuba likhulu.
Ngokuphathelene nokondla, izinyoni zasogwini zihlala ndawonye ngokuhlukanisa imikhuba yazo yokudla zibe izilinganiso ezine: uhlobo lwenyamazane, ukusetshenziswa kwamaqhinga okudla, izindawo zokuhlala ukuthola ukudla kwazo kanye namahora osuku.
Izinduna zingaba yisibonelo esihle. I-heron ebomvu (i-Egretta rufescens) izondla yodwa emizimbeni yamanzi enomunyu, kuyilapho i-heron yeqhwa (i-Egretta thula) ithola ukudla kwayo ngamaqembu, emizimbeni yamanzi amasha futhi isebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokudla. I-spoon-heron (i-Cochlearius cochlearius) ne-night-herons coroniclara (i-Nycticorax violaceus) kanye ne-black-crowned (i-Nycticorax nycticorax) iphakela ngokukhetha ebusuku futhi inamehlo amakhulu okubona okungcono ebusuku.
ESian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve, akuyona yonke into impilo nombala ezinyonini. Kumele babhekane nezilwane ezahlukahlukene ezifana nezinyoni ezidla inyama, izinyoka kanye nezingwenya.
Ngosizi ngikhumbula isenzakalo lapho savakashela isiqhingi esizalanayo seLeast Swallow (Sterna antillarum), uhlobo olusongelwa ngokuqothulwa, e-Espiritu Santo Bay. Ngenkathi sisondela esiqhingini esincane esinobude obucishe bube yi-4 m, asibonanga noma yiziphi izinyoni ezindizayo lapho sisondela.
Sehle esikebheni futhi samangala lapho sibona ukuthi akekho. Asizange sikukholwe, ngoba izinsuku ezingama-25 ngaphambi kokuba sibe kuleyo ndawo futhi sase sithole izidleke eziyishumi nambili ezinamaqanda, ezazichanyuselwa ngabazali bazo. Kodwa ukumangala kwethu kwakukukhulu nakakhulu lapho sithola izinsalela zezinyoni ezindaweni ezazizidleke zazo. Ngokusobala, ukufa kwasebusuku buthule futhi okungapheli kwawela kulezi zinyoni ezincane nezintekenteke.
Kwakungenzeki ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke ngqo ngoJuni 5, iWorld Environment Day. Kwakungeyona inyoni edla inyama, mhlawumbe isilwane esithile esincelisayo noma esihuquzelayo; kodwa-ke, ukungabaza kwaqhubeka futhi ngaphandle kwamazwi sasuka esiqhingini saya ekupheleni komsebenzi wethu.
Izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi zesifunda seCaribbean zibukeka njengezisongelwa kakhulu kuyo yonke iCentral kanye naseNingizimu Melika, yize ziphakathi kwezindawo ezingaziwa kakhulu.
Umonakalo obhekene neCaribbean kungenxa yobuningi babantu endaweni kanye nengcindezi eyenzayo emaxhaphozini. Lokhu kusho usongo oluqondile ezinyonini ezihlala ezweni ezincike ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi unyaka wonke, kokubili ukuzala kanye nokudla, kanye nezinyoni ezifudukayo impumelelo yazo incike kakhulu ekutholakaleni kokudla ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi esifundeni seCaribbean. .
Ukugcina nokuhlonipha lesi sikhala kubaluleke kakhulu kulezi zidalwa eziphilayo ezihamba nathi kulesi sikhathi esifushane sokuphila.
