Isifunda saseNyakatho-Ephakathi saseMexico sibonakala ngokuba yikhaya lenzalo yamaChichimecas omdabu avalelwe "kwimishini" emibili: lena engenhla nengaphansi.
AmaVictorenses aphila ngokulima komhlaba, futhi, kancane, ngokukhulisa imfuyo. Abanye bathuthela emngceleni osenyakatho nasezifundeni ezingomakhelwane befuna amathuba angcono, okudale ukulahleka kobunikazi babo, kanye nezimpande zabo zomlando, ezingabonakala ezindaweni ezingaphezu kuka-95 zokudweba amatshe kule ndawo. Isifunda saseGuanajuato.
Yize eVictoria kunezindawo eziningi ezinomdwebo wamadwala, ngizobhekana kuphela nemidwebo etholakala kuleyo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Arroyo Seco, futhi esabalele cishe egqumeni lonke elihlotshaniswa nokubukwa kwama-equinox kanye nezinkathi zasentwasahlobo nasehlobo.
Into yokuqala abavubukuli ababhekana nayo lapho befunda isayithi yimibuzo: ngubani owakha? Ngubani owayehlala kuleyo ndawo? Futhi, esimweni samanje, ngubani obadwebile? Okungajwayelekile ukuthola impendulo kukho.
IVictoria isendaweni yase-Otopame, ngakho-ke sisho ukuthi ababhali bemidwebo bekungeyona eyalolu qembu, kepha ukuthi lesi sifunda bekunamaqembu omdabu aleli gatsha lezilimi.
Kepha kungani ukhuluma ngaleli sayithi hhayi enye? Ngoba ngikholelwa ukuthi igquma okwenziwe kulo imidwebo lihlobene ngqo nokubhekwa kwezimo zezinkanyezi ezibaluleke njengama-equinox nama-solstices, okunikeza umlingiswa wemilingo nenkolo kuma-motifs amelwe lapho.
Labo kithi abazinikele, ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane, ekutadisheni imidwebo yamatshe, bavame ukukhononda ngokungafinyeleleki kwamasayithi, ngoba kwenza ukutadisha kwabo kube nzima. Endabeni yeVictoria, lokhu akuyona into yokuzenzisa, ngoba iyatholakala kalula (cishe isezansi komgwaqo), eyenza kube lula ukutadisha kwayo kodwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukonakala kwayo nokuphanga.
IMVELO
Umfudlana omncane ugeleza phansi kwegquma, okuthi, njengeningi lalabo abakhona kule ndawo, kuhlala izitshalo nezilwane ezibanzi. Kwezimbabazane zokuqala ezivelele ("owesifazane omubi"), i-garambullo, i-mesquite, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-cacti, nopales, huizaches, njalonjalo. Kulezi zilwane sibona i-coyote, unogwaja, ikati lasendle, i-rattlesnake, i-opossum, amaxoxo nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Ngaphandle kwendawo ebabazekayo, leli gquma linomlingo nomkhuba. Abantu bendawo bakholelwa ngokuqinile enganekwaneni ekhuluma "ngabalindi bemidwebo", okuyizinhlobo zamatshe okuthi ngomcabango omncane nangosizo losibani, babonakale bengabalingiswa abanovalo abavikela imidwebo; nakulesi sayithi kukhona abaningana balaba okhokho bamatshe.
Phezulu kwegquma kunezinhlobo ezithile zamadwala ezinhlobonhlobo ezingenasisekelo ezihlobene nokubhekwa kwalezi zimo ezingenhla. Eceleni kwalawa matshe, kukhona "imithombo" eguquguqukayo eqoshiwe eqoshwe emadwaleni amakhulu futhi aqondaniswe.
Kulezi zinhlayiya mhlawumbe babeka into efana nensimbi, noma ukuthi bagcwaliswa ngamanzi ukubona ukuqondana okuthile kwezinkanyezi. Ukuqinisekisa ngokuqiniseka ubudlelwano babanye “bokumaka” nabanye, kuyadingeka ukubona isimo sonozungezilanga; ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku ezibalulekile ezifana noFebhuwari 2, Mashi 21 noMeyi 3.
IZINHLOSO
Ngokuvamile, kungashiwo ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezine zama-motifs: i-anthropomorphic, zoomorphic, calendrical nejometri.
Okuchichima kakhulu yi-anthropomorphic ne-zoomorphic. Ngaphakathi kwezibalo zabantu zangaphambili, ezihlelekile neziqondile. Iningi lezibalo lishoda ngamakhanda. Ngokunjalo, izibalo ezineminwe emithathu kuphela ezandleni nasezinyaweni kanye nekhanda noma iplume kuyabonakala.
Izibalo ezimbili zigqamile; isitayela esisodwa esibonakala singumuntu, kodwa sihluke ngokuphawulekayo, esihlotshaniswa nakho konke ukubala kwamanani noma kwekhalenda, esizokubona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Esinye isithombe esidwetshiwe ngombala ophuzi nesivikelo sesifuba esibomvu.
Ama-zoomorphic motifs ahlukahlukene: izinyoni, ama-quadrupeds nokunye okungaziwa kodwa okubonakala kuyizinambuzane ezinesici sikofezela kuyabonakala.
Phakathi kwama-motifs engiwabiza ngokuthi yi-calendrical and astronomical, kunezigaba eziningana zemigqa ekhuphukayo enemigqa emincane ebheke ngamehlo, eminye enesiyingi esiseduze nendawo futhi ethweswe umqhele abanye abanolayini abasabalalayo. Kwezinye izimo kuvela enye isethi efanayo, kepha isika enkulu nge-engeli ebukhali.
Ngaphakathi kwama-geometric motifs kunemibuthano egxilile kanti eminye igcwaliswe ngombala (eminye enemigqa ye-radial), imigqa eyakha onxantathu, iziphambano namanye ama-motifs.
Ubukhulu bemidwebo buhluka kusuka ku-40 cm kuye ku-3 noma ku-4 cm ukuphakama. Kumidwebo yekhalenda neyezinkanyezi, ukulandelana kwemigqa kukala ngaphezu kwemitha elilodwa.
UKUHLAZIYWA KWEPENDE
Kungani le ndawo yakhethwa ukupenda? Esinye sezizathu ezinkulu kwakuyindawo yayo enelungelo eliyindawo, eyayiyivumela ukuthi ibe umaka obalulekile wezinkanyezi zemicimbi efana nama-equinox nama-solstices; okufanayo kuze kube manje kuhlanganisa inqwaba yabantu abafuna ukwazi kanye nezazi.
Izakhamizi zangaphambi kweSpanishi zalesi siza zanquma ukubhalisa, igxathu negxathu, ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zonyaka ukuphuma nokushona kwelanga, futhi bakwenza ngopende. Kuyaziwa ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu owayengapenda ukuthi bafuna kuphi, nini futhi kanjani, kepha kwakukhona abantu abakhethekile abenza imivimbo kanti abanye babephethe ukuwatolika emphakathini.
Sicabanga ukuthi okuwukuphela komuntu owayengapenda kwakuyi-shaman noma inyanga futhi, ngokuphambene nalokho izazi-mlando eziningi zobuciko ezikholelwayo, akazange akwenze lokho kuphela ukuze anelise isidingo sokudala, kodwa ngenxa yesidingo sokuqopha umcimbi obalulekile empilweni yomphakathi. , ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukisweni kweqembu elithile. Ngale ndlela, ukudwetshwa kwamatshe kuzuza isici somlingo nesenkolo kepha ngokuthinta okungokoqobo: ukumelwa komcimbi wansuku zonke, nakho konke okuhlobene ngokushesha neqembu.
Ukubaluleka kwalesi siza kugqanyiswa yimidwebo ephezulu yezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, eminye yayo eyenziwe ngemuva kokunqotshwa, ngoba umehluko ophawulekayo kwisitayela uyabonakala emidwebeni, yize zonke zibhekene nendikimba efanayo: umcimbi yezinkanyezi.
Abantu abaningi bendawo bakholelwa ukuthi ukwakheka kwamadwala okungajwayelekile kwabekwa ngaleyondlela ngumuntu, kepha abanye bathi kwenziwa ngabafokazi.
Imininingwane yakamuva inikeza imininingwane evumelana nombono wokuthi imidwebo yegquma i-Arroyo Seco ilandisa ngokuthuthuka kwemijikelezo ehlukene yelanga ngendawo nokubaluleka kwayo empilweni yamaqembu ahlukahlukene ahlala kule ndawo kusukela kudala.
AMASU OKUVIKELWA KWAYO
Ngoba ngesikhathi sama-equinoxes kanye ne-solstices indawo iba "egcwele", ingozi yokuphanga nokuwohloka isiseduze. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, kuphakanyiswe amasu endawo achazwe kahle kakhulu okulindeleke ukuthi aveze imiphumela yesikhashana.
Enye yazo ukwenza umphakathi wazi ukuthi amasayithi aqoshwe ngamatshe ayigugu lawo nokuthi uma engavikelekile azonyamalala maduzane. Enye indlela yokuvimbela umqondo wokuthi babona kulezi zingosi indlela yokuthola insiza yezomnotho ngokuziqasha njengabaqondisi abagunyaziwe. Ngalokhu, kuyadingeka ukuhlela iqembu "labahlanganyeli" labaqondisi abaqeqeshiwe okwakhiwe imininingwane yabo kanye nehhovisi lezinkontileka ezakhiweni zendlu yamasiko noma esigodlweni sikamasipala, lapho abantu abanentshisekelo yokwazi imidwebo yamatshe okufanele baye khona. . Uma lo mzimba weziqondisi usudaliwe, ukuvakashelwa ngeke kuvunyelwe ngaphandle kwemvume ehambisanayo.
Akunconyelwa ukufaka i-cyclonic mesh ezungeze indawo, ngoba ingaphezulu laliyogcobeka futhi nobufakazi bemivubukulo bungalimala.
Elinye isu elibalulekile yileli elenziwa ngabaphathi bakamasipala nabombuso ukumemezela indawo ye-Historic-Cultural Reserve, ezovikela kakhulu iqembu labaqondisi nabagcini besiza, ngaphezu kokunika amandla omthetho kumasipala wokushaya umthetho ngesijeziso ukwephulwa komthethonqubo.
Okunye futhi kungaba ukulungiswa kwerekhodi lezithombe, elizovumela ukutadisha nokuhlaziywa kwama-motifs elabhorethri, kanye nokongiwa kwemidwebo.
Ngakho-ke uVictoria usilindele ngengcebo yomlando ukusikhombisa, futhi okuncane esingakwenza lapho simvakashela kuyikuhlonipha lezi zinsalela. Masingababulali, bayingxenye yenkumbulo yethu yomlando!
UMA UYA EVICTORIA
Ukushiya i-DF, lapho ufika edolobheni laseQuerétaro, thatha umgwaqo omkhulu wesifundazwe no. 57 belibangise eSan Luis Potosí; Ngemuva kokuhamba cishe amakhilomitha angama-62, thatha empumalanga uye kuDoctor Mora. Ukweqa leli dolobha, futhi cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-30 ngaphambili, ufika eVictoria, ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-1,760 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle enyakatho-mpumalanga esenyakatho yesifundazwe saseGuanajuato. Awekho amahhotela, kuphela "iNdlu yezivakashi" ekahulumeni wezwe, kepha uma uyicela kusengaphambili kubaphathi bakamasipala, ungathola indawo yokuhlala kuyo.
Uma ufuna izinsizakalo ezingcono zabavakashi, iya edolobheni laseSan Luis de la Paz, ebangeni elingama-46 km, noma eSan José Iturbide, ebangeni elingama-55 km emgwaqeni omuhle.
