Imishini, amatshe okuqala ephupho laseCalifornia, umbono wokuchuma komhlaba wasentshonalanga, ahlala engaziwa kakhulu.
Imishini, amatshe okuqala ephupho laseCalifornia, umbono wokuchuma komhlaba wasentshonalanga, ahlala engaziwa kakhulu.
Kubhekwe njengesiqhingi isikhathi eside, lesi sifunda sasiyisithando somlilo sabaseYurophu bokuqala ababa nesibindi sokusivakashela. NgesiLatin bakubiza ngokuthi yi-calla fornaxy yingakho kwaqanjwa igama elithi California. Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye wathola ukuthi kwakuyinhlonhlo, futhi amazwe atholakele enyakatho abizwa nge-Alta California.
Ngemuva kwempi yaseMexico naseMelika yango-1848, abahlaseli abagcinanga ngokwaba indawo yaseNyakatho yeCalifornia, kepha negama lokuqala lelo ebulungiseni lalifanelana nenhlonhlo eyayilondolozwe yiMexico, eyayinomlando namasiko amakhulu.
Ngo-Okthoba walonyaka kuzogujwa amakhulu amathathu eminyaka ekoloni lamaCalifornias. Ngaleyo nyanga, kepha ngonyaka we-1697, imishini yokuqala yasungulwa endaweni manje eyaziwa njengeLoreto, Baja California Sur.
Ngo-1535 uHernán Cortés wenza ukuhlola okubalulekile kwamaphethelo enhlonhlo, kepha yena namatilosi akhe babenesifiso sokuqoqa amaparele kuphela futhi beshiya ukuthi ngeke besabuya. Kwathatha ikhulu nesigamu ukuthi abanye abantu bangaphandle bazinze kulezi zingqimba zasendle, ezihlala izihambeli futhi cishe njalo zinenzondo. Laba bantu abanesibindi babengabanqobi noma amatilosi, kodwa babeyizithunywa zevangeli ezithobekile.
Leso sifunda esinganakiwe, umngcele wokugcina, iMexico enganakiwe, manje usuphazanyiswe yisimanjemanje kanye nesikhukhula sabavakashi esingakaze sibonwe esithombeni nasesifanisweni sozakwabo waseMelika. Khonamanjalo ukuthunywa, amatshe okuqala ephupho laseCalifornia, okuyiparadesi lokuchuma komhlaba wasentshonalanga, ahlala engaziwa kakhulu. Kula mashumi amabili abekhona, ayisishiyagalolunye kuphela asamile.
LORETO
Ngo-Okthoba 25, 1697, uBaba wamaJesuit uJuan María de Salvatierra, wasungula imishini yokuqala, wabhabhadiswa ngegama lika-Our Lady waseLoreto, ehlonipha iNcasakazi ethandwayo yase-Italy yangakubo. Ukuthunyelwa kwakukhawulelwe etendeni elincane, kepha umsebenzi wobuvangeli phakathi kwabantu bomdabu wavumela ukuthi kuqalwe ithempeli ngamatshe ngonyaka we-1699, okuthi yize manje kuyindlu yesonto esezingeni eliphansi yemishini, okuyisakhiwo esidala kunazo zonke eCalifornias.
Ukufundisa ikhathekizimu kwabomdabu bekunzima, kwaze kwaba yilapho abomthetho bakaLoreto bethatha isinqumo sokubamema ukuba bazodla. Emabhodweni amakhulu asalondoloziwe, kwalungiswa uhlobo lwamasele okwenza imfundiso yaba mnandi, njengoba umqondisi weMnyuziyamu Wezithunywa, u-Estela Gutiérrez Fernández, esichazela.
Uphinde wasitshela ukuthi lapho kugujwa iminyaka engama-300 yeLoreto Mission, kuhloswe ngayo ukwenza imisebenzi yokongiwa kwemvelo kuzo zonke, kanye nasengxenyeni endala yetheku laseLoreto, ezindlini zazo ezindala ezenziwe ngokhuni kugcinwa ingxenye yeshumi nambili kuphela.
SAN JAVIER
Umpristi waseLoreto, u-Isaac Villafaña, uhamba ngeloli lakhe cishe kathathu ngenyanga emgwaqeni oyingozi, ophakathi kwezintaba, oholela ekuthunyweni kweSan Javier, futhi akukho bantu benkolo abahlala lapho. Ukuhambela kuleli dolobha elincane ukubuyela emuva ngesikhathi futhi ubone izindlu ezijwayelekile ze-adobe nezesundu. Umbhoshongo wensimbi, imihlobiso yenkwali kanye nama-altare amathathu ama-Baroque ale mishini eyasungulwa ngonyaka we-1699, efanele idolobha, amangala endaweni eqhelile futhi engahlali bantu.
MULEGÉ
Impi okuyiyo kuphela lapho abaseMexico benza ukuthi abaseMelika bagijime eMpini ka-1847 kwakuseMulegé. Ngalowo nyaka imishini yendawo, eyasungulwa ngo-1705, yayivele ishiyiwe, njengoba amaJesuit axoshwa eNew Spain ngo-1768.
ISanta Rosalía de Mulegé yakhiwa eduze komfula kanye nogu loLwandle lwaseCortez. Kuyinto esangulukile futhi enesibindi kakhulu ohambweni. Lapho uvakashela eMulegé kuyajabulisa ukuvakashela neMnyuziyamu Yomphakathi esejele elidala.
SAN IGNACIO
Edolobhaneni laseSan Ignacio, endaweni etholakala cishe enkabeni yenhlonhlo, lapho kunezintende eziningi khona. Ngenxa yomsebenzi oqhubekayo nokusekelwa kwabathembekile, kungumsebenzi olondolozwe kahle kakhulu. Izingcezu zalo ze-altare, izithombe ezibaziwe kanye nefenisha kungokwasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18.
USANTA GERTRUDIS
Umsebenzi weSanta Gertrudis usesifundazweni saseBaja California, ngokungafani nabane abedlule abaseBaja California Sur.
Isungulwe ngo-1752, iSanta Gertrudis, iyisakhiwo esiqinile esinezindonga, amagumbi okugcwala kanye ne-façade ekhombisa umsebenzi oyigugu wokumba. Iqukethe iqoqo lezingcezu ezibalulekile zamakholoni futhi umbhoshongo wensimbi ungowasekuqaleni ngoba uhlukaniswe nethempeli.
Ubaba uMario Menghini Pecci, owazalelwa e-Italy kodwa eneminyaka engama-46 esebenza enhlonhlweni, wathola imali nokuxhaswa ngobuchwepheshe ekubuyiselweni kwethempeli lale mishini.
Okokuqala, kwakudingeka athole, kanye nezinye izakhamizi zaseBaja California, inhlangano yomphakathi ebizwa ngeMejibó A.C., okuyigama eliyisikhalo senjabulo esivela kubantu bomdabu baseCochimí. Wabe esethola usizo kwi-parastatal Exportadora de Sal, S.A. nombusi waseBaja California, uHéctor Terán.
SAN BORJA
Amakhilomitha ayikhulu enyakatho yeSanta Gertrudis, eBaja California, cishe ehlathini le-cactus, lapho ama-pitahayas nama-choyas egcwele khona, namakhandlela namakhandlela avela kumamitha ayisishiyagalolunye ukuphakama, ngumsebenzi weSan Borja.
Eyasungulwa ngo-1762, kwakuwumhlangano wokugcina owakhiwa enhlonhlweni. Kunokucacile ukuthi kukhona amanxiwa e-adobe ethempeli lokuqala, amamitha ambalwa ukusuka ethempelini lamatshe elakhiwa amaDominican ngemuva kokuhamba kwamaJesuit; okunzima kodwa okunesizotha okubalulekile.
Ngenxa yokushiywa kwayo, igumbi elingaphansi kweSan Borja lalikhubazekile futhi lalahleka ukugoba kwalo, yingakho lingawa uma lingakhiwa kabusha. Umpristi u-Mario Menghini, manje osebenza njengesithunywa se-episcopal sokubuyiselwa kwemishini emibili ye-Baja California, wasichazela ukuthi leli sayithi alikaze libuyiselwe futhi nokuthi isabelomali salo msebenzi siyisigidi esisodwa sama-peso ayizinkulungwane ezingama-600, ngoba sidinga ukulungiswa ngokucophelela. Kodwa-ke, iSan Borja ingenye yemishini eyintandokazi phakathi kwabahambi ngokusuka kwayo nobuhle bayo.
PHAKATHI KWEMINYE IMISUNZO
EBaja California Sur eminye imishini emithathu iyasinda; ILa Paz neTodos Santos, emadolobheni anamagama afanayo, balahlekelwe ukubukeka kwabo okudala ngenxa yokungenelela kwesimanje okungenangqondo, ngakho-ke abanandaba kangako. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iSan Luis Gonzaga, eyasungulwa ngo-1740, isesimweni sayo sokuqala, igcina ubuntu bayo bomdabu futhi incane kunazo zonke.
Ukuthunyelwa kweBaja California kungamagugu angempela angaphinda akhanye kodwa kuthatha ukunakekela okukhulu futhi asebenze ukukufeza.
Umthombo: UMexico ongaziwa uNombolo 248 / Okthoba 1997
