Umgwaqo, umcabango kanye nesifiso sokwazi indawo ehlukile kwangiyisa eSan Andrés Chalchicomula, namuhla iCiudad Serdán, idolobha elinemilingo njengaleyo echazwe nguJuan Rulfo, ngoba kunoma iyiphi imigwaqo yayo emincane isivakashi esinelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi singangena emfanekisweni omhlophe , intshebe, i-hieratic, kusukela eQuetzalcóatl, kuya kuBaba uMorelos onenhliziyo enhle, noma kubafowethu abanesibindi sesiCreole Sesma noma ohlakaniphile noyisilima kaJesús Arriaga, “Chucho el Roto”, noma owoManuel M. Flores ...
Imvelaphi yeSan Andrés Chalchicomula ifihliwe ezikhathini zasendulo. Izinsalela zeMammoth zitholakale endaweni yayo, futhi ezinye izazi-mlando zale ndawo ziqinisekisa ukuthi abahlali bayo bokuqala babengaba ama-Olmec, Otomi noma amaXicalancas. Ngaleso sigodi esikhulu seChalchicomula esifinyelela emithambekeni yeCitlaltépetl, ukufuduka kwamaqembu amakhulu eMesoamerican kudlulile: iChichimecas, amaToltecs, amaMeya, amaPopolocas neMexico.
Komunye wemigwaqo emincane yaseCiudad Serdán ngaba nenhlanhla yokuhlangana nomlingiswa owanelisa ngokuphelele ilukuluku lami lokufunda nokuqonda izimfundiso zakudala zeSan Andrés Chalchicomula: U-Emilio Pérez Arcos, intatheli nombhali, indoda yangempela yesifunda eyachitha ulwazi lwayo kulomhlaba wakhe wokutholwa. Kulokho kuhlangana okucatshangelwayo, wangaziswa ngamagama alula nelula umlando walesi sifunda. Ungitshele ngabantu abahloniphekile, izikhumbuzo zemivubukulo, ezokwakha, zokubaza, abadwebi nabalobi bezikhathi ezedlule nezisanda kwenzeka, njalonjalo.
Kwenye yezingxoxo zethu, uthisha uPérez Arcos wangitshela: “ISan Andrés Chalchicomula inezinhlangothi ezimbili ezikhona, izinkanyezi ezimbili ezikhomba, zimaka futhi zikhanyise indlela yokuthuthuka nentuthuko: uCitlaltépetl noQuetzalcóatl, ababumbene phezulu intaba, zikubonisa nokuthi ungakhuphukela kanjani entabeni yakho yangaphakathi ”.
UBUSO OBUKHULU E-CITLALTÉPETL: I-QUETZALCÓATL
Kunezidalwa emlandweni wabantu bonke okuthi uma zingazange zibe khona ngokoqobo ezithintekayo, lapho ziba izinganekwane kubonakala sengathi zingokoqobo kakhulu kunezomlando. UQuetzalcóatl ungomunye wabo. Inganekwane, indaba yalo muntu omangalisayo, yakhe ubuntu obuthwala umyalezo waphakade. Lapho inganekwane nokuphila kuhlangana, isibalo esiyinsumansumane somuntu ombozwe ubukhulu ngaphandle kwesilinganiso somuntu siyakheka.
Umlando otholakele futhi ozotholakala ngeQuetzalcóatl awupheli. Wayehlala endaweni eseduze kwedolobha le-pilgrim. Ukhulume, ngesibonelo sakhe, ngamaqiniso afihlwe ezimfihlakalweni. Wayengumpristi wesifunda ngaphandle kwemihlatshelo yabantu, enamasiko nemithetho, engenamaphutha noma amaphutha.
Nakhu okwenzekile eChalchicomula, esifundeni esisempumalanga yesifundazwe sasePuebla.
Eminyakeni eminingi edlule kwafika ezigodini nasezintabeni zaseChalchicomula (iPouyaltécatl neTliltépetl) umuntu omude, omhlophe, onentshebe enobuso obusabekayo, egqoke kahle, eshushiswa, owayefundisa izimangaliso zemvelo namandla okomoya nangokwenyama. yomuntu.
UQuetzalcóatl (igama lale ndoda ehlakaniphile, indoda ehlakaniphile nomqondisi ongaziwa kulezo zindawo), ukhulume ngento exakile njengokuqonda, ubungani, okuhle nokubi. Iphinde yamemezela izehlakalo ezizokwenzeka esikhathini esedlule. Lathi: “Kuzodlula amalanga amaningi, izinyanga, ukuphuma kwelanga, ntambama nobusuku; abanye abantu bazofika futhi kube khona izinhlungu, izinhlupheko, usizi nezinjabulo futhi; ngoba le yimpilo yomuntu emhlabeni ”.
Ekuqaleni abahlali bendawo babengamqondi, amehlo nezindlebe zabo zazivulekele amanye amazwi; nokho, ngokuhlakanipha okutholwe konkulunkulu. UQuetzalcóatl wayazi ukuthi angayidlulisa kanjani imicabango yakhe ukuze ubukhona bomuntu kula mazwe buchume, kuqala ngokutshala ummbila nokuthuthuka kwamandla akhe.
Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe uQuetzalcóatl washiswa; Kodwa ngaphambili, wayehlele ukuthi umlotha wakhe ufakwe ePouyaltécatl, intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke, lapho kwasala khona izinsalela zikababa wakhe amthandayo, eprofetha ngokubuya kwakhe okwenkanyezi (iplanethi iVenus). Izakhamizi zakuleyo ndawo, zikhumbula le ndoda ekhumbulekayo, zabiza lentaba-mlilo iCitlaltépetl, intaba noma igquma lenkanyezi.
E-Chalchicomula, njengakwezinye izindawo eziningi, bakhumbula iQuetzalcóatl, ukuhamba kwakhe emasimini ommbila atshaliwe, izimfundiso zakhe emsebenzini wobuciko nohulumeni omuhle, ukukhuphukela kwakhe ezintabeni efuna ulwazi lomhlaba wonke, ukwazisa kwakhe ukuhamba izinkanyezi zabonakala kulokho okwakuthiwa umdlalo webhola, injabulo yakhe ngokushelela emagqumeni nasezihlabathini zokuphulukisa, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-marmajas, ukucabanga kwakhe ngomkhathi ovela eTliltépetl (Sierra Negra) ...
Ngasikhathi sinye, esiqongweni sentaba engcwele yaseCitlaltépetl, phakathi kweqhwa elingapheli, ngasekushoneni kwelanga, ebusweni basentshonalanga, kwavela ubuso obungenakuphikwa beQuetzalcóatl yenganekwane, okwathi lapho, ngezikhathi ezithile, iqhubeke ithi: “yiya phezulu ngenhla, nangaphezulu, lapha kule nkanyezi uzothola iqiniso lakho, ikusasa lakho, ulwazi, ukuthula nokuphumula komzimba wakho nomoya wakho, nanti ithuna lami ”.
Ukukhumbula lo mlingiswa wasenganekwaneni ongenakonakala, izinsalela zababusi bamazwe aseMesoamerican zayiswa eChalchicomula ukuyofakwa ezindundumeni (ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-teteles), zasakazeka esifundeni sonke lapho intaba-mlilo iCitlaltépetl ingabonakala khona.
Le yindaba, impilo nenganekwane yomuntu ongafi ku-Citlaltépetl de Chalchicomula, owazuza njengefa umsebenzi, inhlonipho, ubuhle, ukuqonda nokuhle phakathi kwabantu.
IZAKHIWO NEZINDAWO ZESITHAKAZELO
Isiko labantu libonakala ezikhumbuzo zalo zemivubukulo nezokwakha, ziyifa lokhokho bethu. Sizoqoqa ezinye zazo kulolu hambo:
Amaphiramidi aseMalpais, aziwa kuleli dolobha njengeTres Cerritos ngoba ahlukile endaweni akuyo.
Ama-Teteles negeyimu yebhola. Endaweni yaseSan Francisco Cuauhtlalcingo kunendawo evubukula efakazela ubukhona beQuetzalcóatl: izakhiwo, inkundla yebhola nama-tetelles; Kokugcina, njengoba sekushiwo, izinsalela zababusi abakhulu bezwe laseMesoamerican zafakwa njengomnikelo nentela kumlingiswa wasenganekwaneni.
Cerro del Resbaladero Kuthiwa iQuetzalcóatl yehla isuka phezulu, kwezokungcebeleka kobuntwana. Izingane kanye nabantu abadala baseSan Andrés bakukhumbula ngenjabulo.
ISonto LaseSan Juan Nepomuceno: Leli yithempeli eligxile emasikweni nasemlandweni. Eminye yemibuso eyafika kuleli dolobha ngoMashi 6, 1862 yaphumula kuyo, futhi ngenxa yalokho yasindiswa ekufeni okubuhlungu abantu abaningi ababehlangana nabo ngenkathi bexhaphaza i-Collective of the Tithe, lapho babephephele khona.
I-Iglesia de Jesús: Lapho ungabona imidwebo emihle ezindongeni zayo nasesilingini enezimpawu zezindima zeBhayibheli, kanye nemisebenzi kawoyela ngumphathi u-Isauro González Cervantes.
I-Parroquia de San Andrés Ingelinye lamathempeli amahle kakhulu esifundeni esizinikezele kusanta onamandla.
Umsele wamanzi wamakoloni. UMaestro Pérez Arcos uyabonisa: “emagqumeni aseCitlaltépetl noma ePico de Orizaba, imithombo enikeza uketshezi oluyigugu eSan Andrés Chalchicomula ivela, kodwa ukuvala ibanga elibahlukanisa nedolobha, kwakudingeka ukwakhiwa umsele wamanzi obanzi, okungamakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili ukusuka edolobheni kwakudingeka uwele umhosha obanzi ngokusebenzisa i-arcade. Lo msebenzi owenziwa ama-friars ama-Franciscan afanelekile aqukethe ama-oda amabili wamakhothamo aphakeme kakhulu wamatshe aqine kakhulu (avela encwadini ethi Los Aqueductos de México en la historia y en el arte, yombhali uManuel Romero de Terreros) ”.
ISIKHULU ESIKHULU SEZIMILIKI
Futhi lapho kubonakala sengathi konke sekushiwo, isifunda saseChalchicomula sivuka nezindaba ezimnandi: ukufakwa konyaka ka-2000 kweLarge Millimeter Telescope (GTM), enkulu kunazo zonke, enamandla kakhulu futhi ebucayi kakhulu emhlabeni walolu hlobo, phezulu kusuka eSierra Negra (Tliltépetl), namaphupho ngomgudu we-alpine ecotourism, idolobha lesayensi, ukutshalwa kwemali ebhizinisini lezolimo kanye nokwakhiwa kwesikhungo sezobuchwepheshe esiphakeme.
Le megaproject ehlangene phakathi kweMexico ne-United States yakha umsebenzi wobunjiniyela obaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwentuthuko yezesayensi nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe eMexico. I-antenna ye-GTM izoba ngamamitha angama-50 ububanzi, ngamaseli ayi-126 ayizinhlangothi eziyisithupha, futhi izokhuphuka ngamamitha angama-70 ngaphezulu kwesiqongo seSierra Negra, ebonakala kusuka emgwaqweni omkhulu wasePuebla-Orizaba.
Umthombo: UMexico ongaziwa uNombolo 269 / Julayi 1999
