Ulwandle oluvame ukuba nolukhuni yimimoya yasenyakatho naseningizimu, umthombo wokudla kwabantu kanye nenqolobane ebanzi yemithombo yemvelo. Kusenokuningi okungaziwa.
Ngamazwi athi: 'IGulf of Mexico' i-geography yeNew World yaqala ukubhalwa, indaba okude ukuthi iphothulwe. Kusenezigidi zabantu baseMexico abangakaze babone umkhathi omkhulu wasolwandle phakathi kwezinhlonhlo zaseFlorida neYucatan, futhi kunamakhulu amakhilomitha emigwaqo elahlekile axhumanisa izindawo zethu ezisogwini.
Ukusuka emlonyeni weRio Grande, enyakatho, kuya eCampeche, ingxenye yaseMexico yeGulf ilinganisa amakhilomitha angama-2 000 ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi (akukho maki onqamula iGulf neCaribbean), ngokusho kukaCarlos Rangel Plasencia, umhlanganyeli waseMexico ongaziwa obala ibanga ukulandela yonke indawo egudle ugu.
Wenze lolu hambo, esuka eningizimu waya enyakatho, wagibela i-kayak, kwaba wuhambo lokuqala lwalolu hlobo emlandweni wethu wasolwandle. Isisusa sakhe, ngaphezu komoya wokuzijabulisa, kwaba ukuzitholela mathupha izindawo eziningi ezisogwini iningi labantu baseMexico ezingazinaki.
Njengoba i-geography nomlando kuhlala kuhlangene, akunakuphikwa ukusho ukuthi emlonyeni weBravo, idlanzana labathengisi basePheresiya lasungula itheku elincane cishe ngonyaka we-1850, labhabhadiswa njengeBaghdad, elalizoba yidolobha (izakhamizi ezingama-6,000) ngenxa yokunyakaza okukhulu ezentengiselwano ezibangelwe yimpi yombango e-United States. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kokuthula ezweni elingumakhelwane, kuhambisana neziphepho ezinkulu nezikhukhula zeBravo, kudale ukuthi umphakathi wehle kuze kube yilapho unyamalala, ekugcineni ungcwatshwe ngaphansi kwezindunduma zale ndawo. Leli bhishi, namuhla elibizwa ngokuthi yiLauro Villar, liyindawo esenyakatho kakhulu yeMexico eGulf yethu.
Eningizimu…
Umzimba omkhulu wamanzi ugqamile: iLaguna Madre, ende kunazo zonke ezweni (amakhilomitha angama-220). Lihlukaniswe nolwandle ngoxhaxha lwezindunduma nemigoqo enesihlabathi, uhlobo lwedamu lemvelo elivumela inqwaba ephawulekayo yokudoba. Kwezinye izindawo zokujula okujulile nokuhwamuka okuphezulu kakhulu, kwenzeka isiminyaminya samanzi kunaleso soLwandle Olufile. Abantu bancishiselwa ekubeni khona kwezingodo, ama-awnings namakamelo wabadobi abangamakhulu ambalwa.
Umlomo ngamunye womfula noma womfula udala uhlelo lwayo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lwezinto eziphilayo, izilwane nezilwane, kusuka kuma-crustaceans, izinhlanzi nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, kuya ezinyonini nasezilwaneni ezincelisayo. Konke lokhu kwenzeka kulezo zici zobuningi ezibizwa ngokuthi, kuye ngecala, iziziba, imigoqo, amaxhaphozi, amaxhaphozi, izindunduma, izizalo zemifula, amaxhaphozi, imihlume kanye nemifula yamahlathi. Lonke ugu lwaseTamaulipas luqukethe izibonelo zalesi sibonakaliso semvelo.
OkweVeracruz ...
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi umnyango waseYurophu ungakabi nezinguquko ezinkulu phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Ikhombisa ama-savanna amaningi, futhi inechibi elikhulu enyakatho: iTamiahua, amakhilomitha angama-80 ubude neziqhingi ezimbalwa, ngaphandle kweCabo Rojo, ugwadule futhi ongahlali muntu.
Ngaphambi kokufika edolobheni nasethekwini laseVeracruz kunamabhishi aseVilla Rica, lapho uHernán Cortés acwilisa khona imikhumbi yakhe (ingashiswa) ukudikibalisa labo ababecabanga ukushiya. Phambi kwale ndawo kuphakama amagquma eQuiahuiztlan, okuvela engqungqutheleni yawo ama-Aztec tlahuilos aqoshwe izithombe "zezindlu ezintantayo" ezazitholwa nguMoctezuma nsuku zonke eTenochtitlan.
Itheku laseVeracruz lingenye yamaphoyinti amabili kuphela eGulf abone ukuvela kwalo liguqulwa -enye iCampeche-, ngenxa yemisebenzi yokuqinisa. I-Inland, ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ama-4, kunepaki yokuqala kazwelonke engaphansi kwamanzi, leyo yeVeracruz Reef System (SAV, esikhuluma ngayo ngokukhishwa kwethu kokugcina), ehlobene nezindawo eziphansi zaseLa Blanquilla naseLa Anegada, neziqhingi zaseSacrificios nase-Isla Okuluhlaza okotshani.
Ngasemngceleni wamabhishi amade, uchungechunge lwamadunduma anesihlabathi lusenza sicabange ngeqiniso lokuthi sisebangeni elifanayo, ama-degree angama-25 enyakatho, njengeGibhithe nehlane laseSahara.
Ithafa elikhulu elisogwini linqunywa umbhede woMfula i-Alvarado futhi ichweba lawo elikhulu (ukuqoqwa kwamachibi ayisishiyagalombili) kungahanjiswa ngesikebhe esinenjini engaphandle siye emazweni ase-Oaxacan.
Ngaseningizimu eningizimu, izintaba zibonakala zigijimela olwandle futhi kugcwele amawa, amawa kanye nemifula efana neyaseMontepío, lapho imifula emibili idonsa phakathi kwemihlume eminyene endaweni yaseSontecomapan. Kule ndawo kunolwandle oluhle kakhulu ukusuka eFlorida kuye eYucatan. Ibizwa nje ngokuthi iPlaya Escondida futhi ukuma kwayo kwesicathulo sehhashi kunokuhlobisa okungajwayelekile kwedwala eligcwele uhlaza ngohlaza. Iqhubeka ngaseningizimu, kugqama elinye ichibi, iCatemaco, ngaphakathi kwesitsha esikhulu sentaba-mlilo.
ISierra de los Tuxtlas eyinkimbinkimbi iyaqhubeka nokubhekana nohlaza lwayo olunamahlathi ngaphambi kogu kuze kube ngaphambi nje kokuba iCoatzacoalcos enamandla, namathafa abuyele emngceleni wemvelo neTabasco, umfula iTonalá, eduze nebhange lawo elisempumalanga okuyizinsalela zeLa Venta yangaphambi kweSpanishi, lapho kwenziwa khona izithombe ezibabazekayo manje ezihlobisa i-Villahermosa.
Ijografi ehambisanayo
Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, kusuka eSánchez Magallanes, ugu luqala ukubonakala kohlelo lwamachibi aqhubekayo lapho izindawo ezishisayo zibeka khona izinhlobo eziningi zezimila eziminyene. Amachibi aseTajonal, La Machona naseMecoacán avela, phakathi kokunye, wonke anguketshezi lweqiniso lapho kudingeka khona imigwaqo yobhuqu, lapho kungekho mabhuloho, amaphanga noma ama-chalana okuwela abantu nezimoto. Kungokunye ubukhulu bejografi endala futhi eqinile.
Ngemuva kokuwela umfula iSan Pedro, odabuka eGuatemala, ugu lubuye lube isicaba futhi lube nesihlabathi olunezimila ezincane zemithi.
Kancane kancane, ekuqaleni kungabonakali, ulwandle luthatha olunye uhlobo, lusuka kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka luye kohlaza okotshani, futhi yindlela olubonakala ngayo lapha emlonyeni weLaguna de Terminos, okuyisizinda esikhulu samanzi ezweni, amahektha angama-705,000, futhi iminyaka emithathu indawo enkulu yemvelo evikelwe eMexico. Ngokubambisana namaxhaphozi angomakhelwane aseTabasco aseCentla, iyindawo enkulu kunazo zonke yokubamba izinyoni ezifudukayo enyakatho yezwe. Leli yihlathi futhi kunamanzi angcono kakhulu, amnandi, anosawoti futhi anosawoti ekwandeni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi nama-crustaceans nama-mollusk… nezinhlobo zezilwane ezingapheli. Amanzi futhi aqhamuka emfuleni iCandelaria, nawo, njengeSan Pedro, owazalelwa eGuatemala, kanye neminye imithombo eminingi ethembekile.
Amakhilomitha angama-80 ukusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga, ama-40 ukusuka eningizimu kuya enyakatho, kepha ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha, imigomo kufanele ilinganiswe ngokwazi kwayo okukhulu ukusinda ekuvinjezelweni kwabantu okungenakulinganiswa.
Amanzi neziqiwu zepirate
UCiudad del Carmen uhleli echwebeni lomfula kanye nolwandle, esiqhingini saseCarmen, okwaphela iminyaka eyi-179 saba yifa labashushumbisi nabaphangi baseNgilandi. Bayibiza ngokuthi yi-Trix kanye ne-Isle of Trix, kwaze kwaba yilapho uhulumeni waseSpain ebaxosha ngo-1777. Lesi siqhingi sisibona sivela olwandle, sifana nensimu yemithi yesundu emide elunguza phakathi kwezindlu. Njengamanje ixhunywe nezwekazi ngamabhuloho amabili amade kunawo wonke ezweni: iSolidaridad ne-Unidad, amamitha ayi-3,222 ubude.
Ukubukeka kwemithi yesundu ethambile encike phezu kolwandle kuyaqhubeka kuya emaxhaphozini anwetshiwe noma amaxhaphozi e-El Cuyo, aqhamuka eLos Petenes Biosphere Reserve, futhi, ngamakhilomitha ngaphambili, iRía Celestún Biosphere Reserve. Igama elithi "ichweba lomfula", elisetshenziswe kancane, lisho ukungena kolwandle okunenkambo enesono njengaleyo yomfula.
Ngokuqhubekayo, ulwandle luhlaza impela futhi amagama athi uLwandle lweCaribbean ayavela emephini. Njengoba sishilo, awukho umugqa ohlukanisayo, ngokusobala, sikholwa ukuthi yilapho ingxenye yesizwe yeGulf of Mexico iphelela khona.
