Sinqume ukuhamba ngomgwaqo futhi singene esifundeni saseMichoacan, sigcwele izindawo namasiko emvelo, futhi ngenkathi sihambela amadolobha aseTarasca Plateau asizange siyeke ukumangazwa yingcebo enkulu yokwakha yenkolo, eyakhiwa ngesikhathi sokushunyayelwa kwevangeli (ngekhulu le-16th kanye ne-XVII), esikuthola endleleni yethu.
Bekufanele siphenye lolu daba ukuze sikwazi ukuchaza ngobuhle nokwenziwa kophahla lwamathempeli, noma imininingwane yeziphambano nezingaphambili. Futhi ukuthi ngokufika kwezithunywa zevangeli zokuqala zamaFranciscan nezika-Augustinian, phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesithupha leminyaka, kwaqala inqubo yokusungula "izibhedlela zaseNdiya", umqondo owasakazwa esifundeni ngumbhishobhi wokuqala waseMichoacán, uDon Vasco de Quiroga. Zazakha isakhiwo sezakhiwo esakhiwa yisigodlo noma isifunda lapho ibandla laso lalincike khona ebandleni lalo elingokwenkolo.
Ngokuphathelene nezinto ezisetshenzisiwe, isifunda sasethafeni iTarascan sibonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwezindonga zamatshe entaba-mlilo ezihlanganisiwe futhi zimbozwe nge-adobe namakhava enkwali aqoshiwe. Lezi zakhiwo zokuqala zazifulelwe ngamabhodi ezinkuni zikaphayini (ezaziwa ngokuthi i-tejamanil) futhi kamuva zahlanganiswa namathayili obumba obomvu.
Ingaphakathi lalezi zingqimba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lalimbozwe ngamapulangwe amakhulu abunjwe “ngomkhombe” ohlanekezelwe, iningi lawo linemidwebo egobile kanye ne-trapezoidal futhi ebizwa ngama-chronicles aseSpain ngokuthi "ophahleni abanethumbu". Lezi zihlotshiswe nangezithombe zama-litania ase-Marian, izingelosi, izingelosi ezinkulu kanye nabaphostoli, okukhombisa ukholo lapho izakhamuzi zasendulo zale ndawo zazama ukuzithoba khona. Ezimweni eziningi zidwetshiwe kulo lonke uphahla lwendlu futhi zibe ngenye yezindinganiso eziyinhloko zobuciko esifundeni.
Esinye isici esivelele kulawa maqembu ezenkolo yisiphambano se-atrial, iningi laso eligcinwe emathempelini wekhulu le-16 lethefa laseTarascan, kulezi ziphambano umsebenzi wabomdabu uyabonakala. Ngokwengxenye yayo, i-atrium ezimweni eziningi ilahlekelwe yincazelo yayo yangempela njengoba iye yaguqulwa ngezikhathi ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwayo futhi yaguqulwa yaba yizikwele noma izindawo zokushintshisana ngemikhiqizo.
Ngokuphathelene nezindlwana zangaphakathi zamathempeli, iningi lazo lingunxande kanti ingxenye yesihlanu yobude bazo yayibhekiswe kusoseshini, kuyilapho indawo eyayenzelwe ikhwaya yayibekwe phezulu, emnyango nje wethempeli , futhi yahlanganiswa kuyo ngesitebhisi sokhuni.
Esinye isici esibalulekile kulawa mathempeli sakhiwa izembozo zawo, ngoba zikhombisa ithonya elikhulu lePlateresque, Hispano-Arab kanye nabomdabu.
San Miguel Pomacuaran
Sizama ukulandela umzila wokuhamba phakathi kwamathempeli amancane, kepha amangalisayo eTarasca Plateau, saqala uhambo e-Aprio de Nissan yethu kuleli dolobha elingumasipala waseParacho.
Ukufinyelela kuklanywe ngophahla oluncane lwe-gabled olusebenza njengombhoshongo wensimbi nalapho kufakwa khona ilawudispikha, ngalo, usuku lonke, imiyalezo inikezwa abantu ngolimi lwendabuko. Phambi kwethempeli, elibheke ohlangothini olusenyakatho-ntshonalanga, kunokwakhiwa okusetshenziswa namuhla njengekhishi, kepha okwakuyi-huatapera (igama lePurépecha elisho ukuthi "indawo yokuhlangana"), lapho ababusi bendabuko basendulo babehlangana khona.
Yize ekuqaleni yakhiwa ngekhulu le-16, odongeni safunda unyaka ka-1672. Cishe iyahambelana nosuku eyakhiwa ngalo kabusha. Inomkhumbi owodwa ongunxande, ohlukaniswe ngamatshe odonga lukaDiego nodaka olufakwe ungqimba lukalika futhi phansi kwenziwa ngamapulangwe wangempela. Uphahla luyisilingi eligcwele ibhokisi elinemidwebo emele iTestamente Elidala neLisha, okuyisibonelo esihle kakhulu somhlobiso odumile waseMichoacan.
USantiago Nurio
Silandela umgwaqo oya kuleli dolobha bese siya esigcawini esikhulu, esigcwele ithempeli elinefafa esangulukile, elenziwe ngendwangu eyodwa futhi elisalondoloze umkhondo welimu eliyisicaba elinama-ashlars angamanga (itshe eliqoshiwe lokwakha) elidwetshwe Okubomvu. Ngaphambi kwethempeli, isiphambano salo se-atrial sisabonakala, isisekelo saso sihlotshiswe ngamakherubi kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ezine.
Lapho nje siwela umnyango wokungena, samangazwa umbukwane omuhle ongaphakathi kwethempeli elincane. Imihlobiso eminingi ipendwe ngokucebile.
I-sotocoro ingenye yezingcezu ezinhle kakhulu ze-polychrome kulo lonke ithafa laseTarascan. Yenziwe ngamasu we-tempera, asuselwa kuma-glazes, anezithombe ezahlukahlukene zenkolo ezifana noMbhishobhi waseMichoacán, uDon Francisco Aguiar y Zeijas, kanye neNgelosi enkulu uRafael abaneTobías encane nezinhlanzi zokuphulukisa esandleni.
Uqwembe olukhulu, olunikezelwe eSantiago Apóstol, lwenziwa ngekhulu le-19 ngumbhali ongaziwa futhi lwenziwe ngokhuni oluqoshiwe, oluhlanganisiwe, olunezinhlamvu ezinezinkuni nokhuni olwenziwe kancane.
I-huatapera, njengethempeli elenziwe ngasese, yakhiwe ngesizotha ngaphandle, iqukethe i-nave elincane elingunxande elinombhalo olula kakhulu wenkwali onekhothamo eliyisiyingi; kodwa inomhlobiso omuhle kakhulu ngaphakathi. I-nave imbozwe ngophahla oluhle kakhulu oluhlotshiswe ngemifanekiso yenkolo yeBhayibheli. I-altarpiece eyinhloko isesitayeleni seBaroque futhi inikezelwe kwi-Immaculate Conception, emelwe ngomfanekiso omuhle wokhuni olusongwe ngegolide. Emaphethelweni sibona imidwebo emihle ye-fresco ebeka ucezu lwentaba.
San Bartolomé Cocucho
Amakhilomitha ayi-12 nje ukusuka eSantiago Nurio, yiSan Bartolomé, etholakala kwenye yezindawo eziphakeme kunazo zonke eSierra Purépecha. Ngenkathi singena edolobheni, into yokuqala esiyibonile kwaba imihlangano yokufundisana engenakubalwa lapho kwenziwa khona "ama-cocuchas" adumile, izimbiza ezinkulu zobumba ezenziwe ngabesifazane kuphela futhi ekuqaleni ezazinokusetshenziswa okubili, enye yayiwukugcina ukudla namanzi. , enye yayifana nezinsimbi zomngcwabo. Okwamanje zifunwa kakhulu njengomhlobiso, ngoba ngoba zishiswa ezindaweni ezivulekile, ezingabonakali nezingaphindeki ziyakhiqizwa.
Siqhubeka ngomgwaqo uBenito Juárez Street size sithole ithempeli laseSan Bartolomé, elakhiwe ngamatshe nodaka. Yize kusuka ngekhulu le-16, phakathi kuka-1763 no-1810 kwaguqulwa. I-sotocoro yakhelwe ngesimo se-trapezoidal, lapho izigcawu ezigcwele umbala nokunyakaza zimelwe khona. Maphakathi nesakhiwo ungabona uSantiago Apóstol (ekwenziwe samuntu njengombulali wama-moorish) egibele kuhhashi lakhe elimhlophe. Le sotocoro ibhekwa njengomunye wabacebi abacebe kakhulu futhi omele kakhulu kubo bonke ababazi baseMichoacan. Ithempeli linezinto ezintathu zakudala ezindala.
San Antonio Charapan
Isibalo sabantu esikhudlwana kancane kunaleso esedlule futhi ukwakhiwa kwaso okubaluleke kakhulu yiParish yaseSan Antonio de Papua, ithempeli elikhulu, eline-altare eliyinhloko eline-altare lamatshe e-neoclassical. E-atrium yesifunda kusekhona isiphambano se-atrial esihlotshiswe ngesihlangu samaFranciscan, lapho kufundwa khona unyaka we-1655.
Cishe ngemuva kwethempeli kukhona isonto leColegio de San José, manje elaziwa njengePedro de Gante Chapel. I-façade yayo yenziwa ngenkwali kanye nophahla lwayo lwamatsheyini ngama-shingles, okungeyona into ngaphandle kophahla olunamaphepha okhuni aphukile, okuyisici sesifunda sonke. Ingubo yayo yobuso isangulukile futhi ihlotshiswe ngamaqabunga, izimbali, ubuso bezingelosi namagobolondo, konke kuqoshwe enkwalini. Yonke le nxanxathela yenkolo isendaweni yesikhulumi enkulu evelele ngaphezu kwensimu enkulu kanye nabantu bonke.
ISan Felipe de los Herreros
Kude ngamakhilomitha ayi-12 ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga, iSan Felipe ibizwa ngegama lokuthi yayiyisikhungo somkhandi wensimbi ngezikhathi zobukoloni nengxenye yekhulu le-19. Idolobha lasungulwa ngo-1532 njengebandla lamadolobha amane kwathi uDon Vasco de Quiroga wanikeza uSeñor San Felipe njengongcwele ongcwele. Lingelinye lamadolobha ambalwa asethafeni laseTarascan elingenalo igama lomdabu.
Okuheha kakhulu ithempeli lalo lesifunda, ngokusobala elalinikezelwe eSan Felipe. Ithempeli line-facade eqinile kakhulu enombala ophahlazeke omhlophe kanye ne-portal encane enekhothamo eliyindilinga. Yize leli thempeli lingenayo imidwebo kubhokisi ophahleni, ngaphakathi, engxenyeni yekwaya, kukhona into enhle kakhulu: isitho esaziwa ngokuthi "sihle", "iphiko" noma "realejo ngomsebenzi", okubaluleke kakhulu kulo lonke elaseMexico. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kungenye yezakhiwo zokuqala ezakhiwe ezweni lethu ngabadwebi bomdabu ngekhulu le-16 futhi, ngokusho kwezazi, kukhona eziyisikhombisa kuphela zalolu hlobo emhlabeni wonke, okwenza kube yingxenye yobuciko benkolo ehlukile. umhlaba.
San Pedro Zacan
Ngenxa yokuba seduze kwayo nentaba-mlilo iParicutín, kwakungelinye lamadolobha athinteka ukuqhuma kwalo, emuva e1943.
Maphakathi nedolobha, kuneChapel of the Immaculate Conception of Santa Rosa of the Hospital de San Carlos kanye nesibhedlela, zombili ezisukela ngekhulu le-16, zingamatshe okwakhiwa intaba-mlilo anophahla lwesakhiwo sokhuni futhi, isibhedlela, ngaphezu kwalokho ngothayela wobumba. Isakhiwo sokuqala sesonto sanyamalala futhi endaweni yaso umnyango une-arch yokhuni kuphela. Ngaphakathi kunophahla onebhokisi leplanga elembozwe ngokuphelele imidwebo emihle emelela izindumiso eziya kuMariya. Imibala evelele kule midwebo imhlophe futhi iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngoba lena yileyo ehlobene ne-Immaculate Conception.
Ngasohlangothini lwaseningizimu lendlu yesonto sisakwazi ukubona ukuthi yini ngesikhathi sayo ebisebenza njengesibhedlela samaNdiya, njengamanje, kwenye yezindawo zayo, kushintshiwe isitolo esincane esidayisa izingubo ezifekethisiwe ngomthungo, umsebenzi wezandla omuhle owenziwe abesifazane balesi sizwe.
Angahuan
Idolobhana elincane elakhiwe emithambekeni yePico de Tancítaro, ebangeni nje elingamakhilomitha angama-32 ukusuka edolobheni lase-Uruapan. Inesakhiwo sesibhedlela esingajwayelekile esango-1570. Njengeziningi zezakhiwo zaseFranciscan zekhulu le-16, ethempelini laseSantiago Apóstol ikhono nokusebenza kwabomdabu kuyabonakala kakhulu, ekwakhiweni nasemininingwane yokuhlobisa kwekhava enkulu.
Yakhiwe ngamatshe nange-adobe futhi, ngokungafani nabanye, ubukhazikhazi bayo butholakala engxenyeni enkulu, hhayi emifanekisweni yophahla lwayo olwalunamabhokisi, ngoba leli thempeli lingenazo.
Umnyango wawo wokungena ubhekwa njengesinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zobuciko beMudejar kulo lonke elaseMexico. Imbozwe imidwebo ecebe kakhulu ye-phytomorphic, izihlahla zokuphila ezinezingelosi emagatsheni abo futhi, eqhugwaneni, cishe phezulu komhlobiso, kunesithombe esikhululekile soMphostoli uSanta James Omkhulu, egqoke imvunulo yakhe yesihambeli.
San Lorenzo
Ngemuva kokuhamba amakhilomitha ayi-9 safika eSan Lorenzo. Ithempeli lesifunda ligcina i-façade yekhulu le-16 cishe lonke futhi, phambi kwalo, kulokho manje okuyisikwele esikhulu, kodwa impela bekuyingxenye ye-atrium yesifunda, ungabona isiphambano sayo esihle se-atrial sangonyaka we-1823. ILorenzo yakhiwe nge-huatapera nesibhedlela sakhe esiseduze nalesi sangaphambili. Uphahla lwayo oluvalwe ngaphakathi luhlotshiswe kahle ngemidwebo ekhombisa amavesi avela empilweni nomsebenzi we-Immaculate Conception kaMariya futhi, ngokungafani namanye amathempeli, kunochungechunge lweminikelo yezimbali enikezelwe kumfanekiso weVirgin.
ICapacuaro
Uma ususemgwaqweni ungabona ithempeli futhi silitholile ngemuva kokuwela imakethe ye-gastronomic efakwe ngezimpelasonto. Ku-façade yayo yamatshe, kuvulekile indawo yokungena eqoshwe enkwalini enomhlobiso omuhle wamagobolondo, amakherubi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ze-phytomorphic motifs. Ngokuvamile, kungashiwo ukuthi mhlawumbe iyiqembu lenkolo elinenkani kunawo wonke, mhlawumbe ngenxa yendawo elikuyo, ibangana ngaphandle kwendawo enezintaba.
Ngakho-ke sibheke lesi sifunda saseMichoacan endaweni yethu entofontofo i-Aprio de Nissan, bese sibuya ekhaya sijabule ngokwazisa kakhulu ikhono lezandla zomdabu zePurépecha, abaculi beqiniso abashiye umphefumulo nenhliziyo kulezi zinsalela zobuciko benkolo yaseMexico kusukela ngekhulu le-16 nele-17.
