Cishe amathani ayi-300,000 wezinyosi athengiswa emakethe yamazwe omhlaba ngonyaka, iMexico ibamba iqhaza kuwo ngesilinganiso samaphesenti ayishumi, ngaleyo ndlela ikleliswe isithathu njengezwe elithumelayo, ngemuva kweChina ne-Argentina.
Isifunda esikhulu esikhiqizayo yiNhlonhlo Yucatan, ebanga cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zomkhiqizo wezwe futhi uju lwalo luthunyelwa kakhulu emazweni e-European Union.
Uju lwaseMexico luthunyelwa kakhulu eJalimane, e-United Kingdom nase-United States. Namuhla kukhiqizwa amathani angaphezu kwesigidi oju emhlabeni. Amazwe aseYurophu, yize engabakhiqizi ababalulekile, nawo angabangenisi abakhulu ngenxa yokwamukelwa okukhulu uju kuleso sifundazwe.
Okaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kukhiqizwa yi-Apis mellifera, uhlobo olusetshenziswa cishe emhlabeni wonke ngomkhiqizo walo ophakeme kanye nekhono elihle lokuzivumelanisa nezindawo ezahlukahlukene.
Ikhekhe lezinyosi lezinyosi
Kutholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeMexico futhi kuzungezwe amanzi oLwandle lweCaribbean kanye neGulf of Mexico, i-Peninsula yaseYucatan imbozwe yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimila eziphakeme ezishisayo, njengamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo, amahlathi angaphansi komhlabathi futhi ahlala eluhlaza, anezindawo ezibalulekile ezinezimila ze-hydrophilic maqondana nezindawo ezisogwini. Izinhlobo ezihlukene zezitshalo nezinhlangano zisatshalaliswa ukuthonyelwa imvula okusukela ku-400 mm wemvula yaminyaka yonke enyakatho kuya kuma-2,000 mm aqoshwe eningizimu yePeninsula. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-2 300 zezitshalo ezinemithambo yegazi zichazwe esifundeni.
Ubumnandi behlathi, uju nezentengiselwano
I-Apis mellifera yethulwa ePeninsula Yucatan ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, cishe ngonyaka we-1911. Kungenzeka ukuthi eyokuqala kwakuyizinkampani ezincane i-A. mellifera mellifera, ezaziwa ngokuthi inyosi emnyama noma yaseJalimane. Kamuva kwafika inyosi yase-Italy, i-mellifera ligustica, i-subspecies esheshe yamukelwa ngoba ikhiqiza kakhulu futhi ithobekile.
Ukufuywa kwezinyosi enhlonhlweni kungumsebenzi owenziwa ngabakhiqizi abancane okuthi, ngaphakathi kohlelo lokukhiqiza lokuzimela, ukuthengiswa koju kumele imali engenayo.
Izindlela ezisetshenzisiwe ziyi-rustic kakhulu, ngokutshalwa kwemali okuncane kwimishini nakuqeqesho lobuchwepheshe futhi kusetshenziswa abasebenzi bomndeni. Imifantu isungulwe ezikhungweni zezidleke ezingashintshi ezindaweni ezinamasu ukuze kusizakale ukuqhakaza okuhlukahlukene, ngokungafani nezinye izifunda lapho abafuyi bezinyosi bahlanganisa khona izidleke zabo ngokuya ngeziqongo eziqhakaza imvelo ehlukene. Ukukhiqizwa koju kungenzeka ngale ndlela ngenxa yezimbali ezicebile zesifunda.
Xuna’an kab, inyosi kaMayan
Izinyosi zezinyosi ziyizinambuzane ezihlala emakoloni ezinenhlangano ephakeme yezenhlalo. Indlovukazi eyodwa ihlala kwikoloni ngalinye futhi umsebenzi wayo omkhulu ukubeka amaqanda, angaba kufika ku-1,500 nsuku zonke ngesikhathi sokukhula kwaleli koloni. Izinyosi zelinye ikoloni ziyabonwa futhi zihlukaniswe ngamanye ama-pheromones akhiqizwa yindlovukazi yawo. Ama-Drones ngabantu besilisa. Umsebenzi wawo ukukhulelisa indlovukazi; ngemuva kwendiza yomshado bayafa. Zihlala isikhathi esingangenyanga kuphela kanti lezo ezehlulekayo ukukhwelana ziyaxoshwa esidlekeni ngabasebenzi. Abasebenzi bayizinyosi zesifazane, kepha izitho zabo zokuzala azithuthukisiwe. Ngokuya ngeminyaka yabo nokukhula kwabo, benza imisebenzi ehlukile. Bahlanza ama-brood cell, banakekele ukondliwa kwezibungu nendlovukazi, benze futhi bagcine uju kanye nempova, baphinde benze ijeli lasebukhosini abondla ngalo indlovukazi kanye nomthamo abakha ngawo amakhekhe, futhi baqoqe umpe. , impova, amanzi ne-propolis. Impilo yesisebenzi iyehluka kuye ngomsebenzi awenzayo, ngesikhathi sokuvuna, baphila amasonto ayisithupha kuphela, ngaphandle kwalokhu bangaphila izinyanga eziyisithupha. Kulezi zinambuzane zomzimba ezinoboya ezidla umpe nempova ezitholakala ezimbalini. Emindenini eyishumi nanye lapho ihlukaniswe khona, eyisishiyagalombili iseMexico, eminingi inesizungu futhi ihlala ezindaweni ezomile zezwe. Amalungu athile kuphela omndeni wakwa-Apidae aphila kahle ngempela, ahlala emakoloni ahlelekile futhi akha amakhekhe lapho abeka khona ukudla kwawo.
Ukuvuna kanye nezinkinga
Umjikelezo wokufuya izinyosi uhlobene kakhulu nomjikelezo wemvula. Isikhathi sokuvuna esiyinhloko senzeka ngenkathi eyomile, kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMeyi noma ngoJuni, kuya ngokuqala kwezimvula. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingxenye enkulu yohlobo lwe-nectariferous iyachuma futhi izinyosi zikhiqiza uju ngobuningi obanele ukugcina inani labantu kanye nokuqongelela okusele ngesikhathi sokuntuleka; yiloluju olugciniwe umvunyi wezinyosi aluvunayo ngaphandle kwengozi yokulimaza inani lezinyosi. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yemvula, yize izimbali zisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, umswakama ophakeme kakhulu awuvumeli izinyosi ukuthi zisebenze kahle, uju oluvunwa ngalesi sikhathi esifushane lunomswakama ophakeme kakhulu, abanye abafuyi bezinyosi bayaluthengisa ngamanani aphansi kanti abanye bayonga ukuze bondle izinyosi ngezikhathi zobunzima.
Isikhathi eside semvula, kusuka ngo-Agasti kuya kuNovemba, simele isikhathi senhlekelele yezinyosi. Ngalesi sikhathi zimbalwa izinhlobo ze-melliferous ezichumayo, kepha, lezi zibaluleke kakhulu ekunakekelweni kwamakholoni; abafuyi bezinyosi abaningi kuze kudingeke nokuthi banikeze izinyosi zabo ukudla okwengeziwe. Esikhathini sokuguquka kusuka emvuleni kuya enkathini eyomile, inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo liqala ukuchuma, linikeze izinyosi umpe wokuqinisa inani lazo nokulungiselela isikhathi sobuningi, yisikhathi sokululama.
Ezinye izinto ezinjengamaminerali, amavithamini nokunye kubhekele izici ezihlukile zombala, ukunambitheka nephunga lalo mkhiqizo waseYucatecan owaziwa emhlabeni wonke.
Izexwayiso
Izimila zemvelo zasePeninsula ziguqulwe kakhulu yimisebenzi yabantu, ikakhulukazi enyakatho, lapho ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokwethulwa kwezolimo nemfuyo ebanzi kushiye izindawo ezinkulu zibheda. Izifundo ezahlukahlukene zibike izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-200 ezisetshenziswa izinyosi, kufaka phakathi izihlahla, izihlahlana, abagibeli kanye nezitshalo zaminyaka yonke ezisatshalaliswa ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zezimila, kusuka ezindaweni ezisanda kuphazamiseka kuya emahlathini alondolozwe kakhulu.
Ungahlala kuphi…
Uma uhambela iMérida, sincoma i-Hotel Indigo entsha, iHacienda Misné.
Ilungiswe ngokuphelele, le hacienda yangaphambili ye-henequen iphupho lazo zonke izinzwa. Ububanzi bayo, ubuciko bokwakha, izindawo ezivulekile, izingadi, imininingwane yayo emihle njengamathayili angeniswe evela eFrance, amawindi ayo anengilazi anamabala, amalambu, idamu lokubhukuda, amalambu nezibuko zamanzi kuzokusonga endaweni enambitheka kamnandi. Ukuphathwa ngobungani kwabasebenzi bayo yikhona okuqeda ukuhlala kwakho kuleli pulazi. Sincoma ama-suites. Ziyamangalisa ngempela.
