ICalakmul Biosphere Reserve, eseCampeche, enamahektha angaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-750, yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke eMexico ngokwamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo, nezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaba ngu-300 nezinhlanu ezinhlanu zezinkukhu ezihlala eNyakatho Melika.
Maphakathi nje noCalakmul usuvele ubona isampula lezilwane ohlangothini lomgwaqo. Ngisho nangaphambi nje kokufika endaweni yemivubukulo, imartucha noma inkawu ebusuku ibuyela emgodini wayo emgodini wesihlahla saseRamón futhi ikhehla lasentabeni liwela umgwaqo, ngaphandle kokuxhamazela. Qhubeka kancane, umhlambi wama-coati angama-20 usesha izinambuzane ngaphansi kukadoti wamaqabunga kanti ukhozi oluhle luthwala igatsha ukuze liqinise isidleke salo.
Bese kuthi ibutho lezinkawu ezihewulayo liwele uphahla lwamahlathi, lilandelwe izinkawu ezimbalwa zesicabucabu ezigxuma ngejubane elikhulu. I-toucan iyababuka njengoba bedlula ikhanda lakhe futhi bayamenza abaleke ngalo msindo ojwayelekile wengoma yakhe yokungqongqoza.
EKUGCINWENI
Ukuhamba ngaphakathi kwehlathi kunezinye izifunda ezinemizila ekhethekile yezivakashi. Njengoba silandela kancane lezi zindlela izinzwa zethu ziphapheme, siyaqaphela ukuthi ihlathi linezinhlangothi ezintathu. Njengoba sihlala sibheke phansi ukugwema ukukhubeka noma ukwesaba izinyoka; Asilokothi sibheke esiqongweni sehlathi lapho kuhlala khona izinkulungwane zezinto eziphilayo. Isikhala esingajwayelekile esisinikeza ubukhulu besithathu. Kukhona nezinkawu, ama-martuchas, amakhulu ezinhlobo zezinyoni, izinambuzane nezitshalo ezimila kwezinye izitshalo, njenge-bromeliads.
CALAKMUL, IZINTABA EZIMBILI EZISEDUZE
Ngaphezu kokuba ngenye yezindawo ezihamba phambili zabalindi bezinyoni nabathandi bemvelo, iCalakmul kwakuyidolobha elibaluleke kakhulu esifundeni esimaphakathi soMbuso WamaMaya, owahlala ezinkathini zePre-Classic neLate Classic (phakathi kuka-500 BC kuya ku-AD 1,000. ). Iqukethe inani elikhulu kunawo wonke lemibhalo yama-Mayan dynastic, njengoba igcwele ama-stelae, amaningi ethwesa ngemibhoshongo emibili emikhulu, ngaphakathi lapho kutholwe khona imidwebo engajwayelekile yomhlaba waseMayan, engakavulelwa umphakathi.
Lapho ifika endaweni enkulu yaseCalakmul, okuyiMayan okusho ukuthi “izindunduma ezimbili eziseduze”, inkungu iqala ukuphakama kancane kancane, ishiye ilanga elikhanyayo nokushisa okunamandla komswakama. Izilwane ziyaqhubeka ukuvela yonke indawo. I-trogon enemibala yefulegi laseMexico iyababuka eduze futhi, esihlahleni esifanayo, i-momot ngokuthusayo ihamba nomsila wayo omile njenge-pendulum. Sikhuphukele embhoshongweni omkhulu omkhulu, isigodlo esingajwayelekile ngokuphakama nobukhulu baso, esilawula lonke ihlathi.
IVOLCANO DE LOS BATS
Ngasenyakatho nesiqiwu, umhume ojulile ohlolisiswe kancane uyikhaya lamalulwane amangalisayo. Umhume we-limestone uhleli ezansi kwegumbi elingaphansi ngamamitha ayi-100 ukujula kokudubula kwalo okude kakhulu. Ukwehla, imishini ekhethekile yokulondolozwa kwemaski nesifihla-buso sokuvikela kuyadingeka, njengoba inani le-bat guano emhumeni lingaqukatha ukhunta lwe-histoplasmosis.
Njalo ebusuku ziyaphuma emlonyeni womhume, njengodaka lwentaba-mlilo. Isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora amathathu, amalulwane amaningi ayaphuma futhi anikeze esinye sezibuko zemvelo ezingakholeki ukubonwa esiqiwini. Le ndawo ayaziwa kakhulu futhi abacwaningi kanye nezinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo bavakashela kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile.
Amalulwane abaluleke kakhulu emahlathini. Kunezinhlobo eziyizi-10 000 zezilwane ezincelisayo emhlabeni, eziyi-1 000 zazo ezingamalulwane. Ngamunye angadla izimbungulu ezingaphezu kuka-1,200 ezilingana nomiyane ngehora ngakho-ke zisebenza kakhulu ekulawuleni izinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalulwane ezithelo yizona zinto ezihlakazeka kakhulu ezimbewini nezimpova kumahlathi emvula. Izithelo ezingama-70% zezitshalo ezishisayo zivela ezinhlotsheni ezifakwe impova yibo, kufaka phakathi umango, ugwava kanye ne-soursop.
UKUSETSHENZISWA OKUQHUBEKEKAYO
Akungabazeki ukuthi indawo ebekiwe ayikwazi ukusinda uma izakhamuzi zayo zingatholi amafomula okusizakala ngemithombo yemvelo ngendlela esimeme, okungukuthi, ukuzixhaphaza ngendlela enengqondo, zivumela ukuvuselelwa kwazo njalo.
Ngakho-ke, ukufuywa kwezinyosi sekube ngomunye wemisebenzi esetshenziswa kakhulu ama-ejidatarios esifundeni. Ukukhiqizwa koju kuvumela abalimi ukuthi baphile ngehlathi ngaphandle kokugawula izihlahla zabo eziyigugu zokwakha izinkomo noma ummbila. Lezi zilimo ziqeda inhlabathi futhi zicime ingcebo enkulu kakhulu yalesi sifunda: izinhlobonhlobo zayo zezinto eziphilayo.
Omunye umsebenzi ozinzile, uma wenziwa kahle, ukuxhashazwa kwesihlahla se-chicozapote ukuze kukhishwe i-latex ekhiqizwa ngayo ushungamu. Kusukela ngo-1900, le ndawo yayinokuxhashazwa okunamandla kwehlathi okwakhula ngeminyaka yama-40s lapho kukhishwa ushungamu futhi, ngeminyaka yama-60s yekhulu lama-20, imboni yezinkuni yathatha isikhundla se-chiclema njengomsebenzi ophambili.
I-chewing gum yayivele idliwe ngamaMeya asendulo futhi yaba ngumkhiqizo odumile emhlabeni wonke ngenkathi uJames Adams ethola ukuthi uMongameli uSanta Anna wayeyidla. I-Adams yathuthukisa futhi yenza umkhiqizo womhlaba waduma, wawuxuba nama-flavouring noshukela.
Namuhla, ushungamu esivame ukuwudla wenziwa ngokwenziwa, ngemikhiqizo ye-petroleum. Kodwa-ke, imboni ye-chicle iyaqhubeka nokusebenza kuma-ejidos ahlukahlukene. Eyokuqala ingoNovemba 20, empumalanga yendawo ebekiwe. Ukukhishwa kwe-Chicle kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yemvula, kusuka ngoJuni kuya kuNovemba, lapho isihlahla se-chicozapote sikhiqiza kakhulu. Kepha lokhu akufanele kuxhashazwe unyaka nonyaka, kodwa kanye njalo eminyakeni eyishumi, ukuvimbela ukuthi isihlahla some futhi sife.
Zonke lezi zingcindezi zibe nemithelela ebalulekile kwezemvelo kule ndawo. Kodwa-ke, iCalakmul Biosphere Reserve ihlala ingenye yezindawo zemvelo ezigcinwe kahle eMexico futhi, ngokungangabazeki, izwe le-jaguar.
UKUHAMBA E-CALAKMUL, OKUJWAYELEKILE
Kuyindawo yobuningi nokwehlukahlukana. Akukhona ukuthi kunabantu abaningi bohlobo olulodwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, cishe konke kwehlukile komunye nomunye. Izihlahla ezihlangene ziyizinhlobo ezahlukene. Izintuthwane esihlahleni esisodwa zehlukile kulezo ezikwesinye. Kungaba nesihlahla sepelepele esihlukaniswe ngamakhilomitha amathathu kolunye uhlobo olufanayo. Zonke zikhethekile kokuthile. Isibonelo, izitshalo eziningi ezinezimbali eziphuzi zivuleka emini ukuze zithole impova yizinyosi. Ngokwabo, lezo ezinezimbali ezimhlophe, ezibonakala kahle ebusuku, zivulelwa impova ngamalulwane. Ngalesi sizathu, lapho ihektha elilodwa lehlathi libhujiswa, izinhlobo zezinto esingazazi zingalahleka.
