IMetztitlán: ukumamatheka emini, isiliva ebusuku (igama lalo lesiNahuatl lisho "indawo yenyanga"); zihlakazekile —kodwa ngesilinganiso- endaweni emangelengele, yonke imigwaqo yayo enyukayo ibonakala iholela esigodlweni seLos Santos Reyes, ingcweti yobuciko ka-Augustinian.
Indawo eyomile, egcwele ama-cacti amakhulu aqhamuka emhlabeni njengamakhandlela, kumele ngabe yeqa izindela zokuqala zika-Augustinian ezafika lapha.
Kodwa-ke, ekupheleni kokwehla okubuhlungu bathola iVega de Metztitlán, izwe elithembisiwe, nakho konke okusha nokuvundisa kwezinsimu zalo eziluhlaza nezimazombezombe, lapho kungakhula khona izihlahla zama-walnut, amapentshisi, amabhilikosi nezinye izithelo eziningi. Futhi yiso kanye lesi sigodi esasinquma ukuthi bakhe izindlu zabo zokuqala ezimbili zokuhlala kuleyo ndawo.
Isifunda nesigodlo seLa Comunidad kwakuyizakhiwo zokuqala zenkolo edolobheni laseMetztitlán (ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngo-1537). Kodwa, inganekwane ithi, kwakukhona uzamcolo wezilinganiso ezinkulu kangangoba ama-Augustinians aphoqeleka ukuba abashiye; babe sebenquma ukwakha enye, ephakeme ngaphezulu, lapho amanzi ayengeke afinyelele khona. Sibhekisa kuLos Santos Reyes.
Kamuva, lo Mphakathi wahlalwa yihhovisi likamongameli kamasipala, ihhovisi lemeya kanye nejele, kanti nanamuhla, yize lonakaliswe kancane futhi lisebenza njengejele kuphela, liyaqhubeka nokukhombisa ukuqina kwalo kanye nenani lalo lokwakha kanye nobuciko, kanye nezinsalela zokuhlobisa kwalo kwangaphambilini. Imidwebo yomugqa ku-grisaille ngemuva okungemnyama.
Esinye isakhiwo esivela ngekhulu le-16 saziwa njengeLa Tercena, futhi esedolobheni laseMetztitlán. Iqukethe amakamelo amabili ayisikwele anamawindi amakhulu nepatio enkulu ngaphambili. Kunombono wokuthi kwakudalelwe ukuqoqwa okweshumi nezinkokhiso, kepha ubukhulu besakhiwo abuzukuvumela ukugcina izinto eziningi, ngoba intela yakhokhwa ngohlobo oluthile.
Ngo-1974 ithimba leNational Heritage Secretariat lathola izinsalela zemidwebo ehlobise izindonga nezingubo zekamelo elilodwa. Kulezi ungabona isithwathwa esivundlile (ejwayelekile ekwakhiweni kwenkolo ka-Augustinian esifundeni), esihlukanisa igumbi lomgqomo nezindonga ezingezansi.
Sishiya iLa Tercena saqonda esiqongweni sedolobha, kwathi emizuzwini emihlanu kamuva sase sivele sise-atrium enkulu yesigodlo saseLos Santos Reyes, esakhiwa yithempeli nendawo enezitezi ezimbili, eyokugcina yakha igceke elingunxantathu.
Ngaphambi kokungena endaweni ebiyelweyo sibabaza ubukhosi besakhiwo esiyizindela. Ngaphakathi kwethempeli kunezingcezu ezinhlanu ze-altare ezisezindongeni ezisemaceleni, ne-altare enkulu ngemuva. Umjikelezo we-nave uhlotshiswe nge-plateresque frieze enezimpawu ze-Renaissance.
Izinsika eziyisihlanu ze-altare le-baroque zenziwe ngokhuni oluqoshiwe nolubaziwe, futhi cishe zonke zivela ngekhulu le-17. Elinye elise-altare elikhulu ngumsebenzi womqophi uSalvador de Ocampo futhi wenziwa ngo-1697. Kuwo, ngaphezu kwemidwebo nezithombe ezibaziweyo, ukuphela okuphawulekayo kokunikezelwa kwe- "Los Santos Reyes" kunganconywa ngokukhululeka okuhle. Njengengxenye yokuhlobisa, kuvela amanani abavangeli abangcwele nodokotela abangcwele beSonto.
Njengamanje ithempeli liyabuyiselwa, kepha lokhu akulivimbi ukuthi livakashelwe.
Isonto elilandelayo esaya kulo kwakuyisonto elivulekile elingalodwa laseSan Juan de Atzolcintla, elitholakala ngaphansi kwekhilomitha ukusuka eMetztitlán, edolobheni elinegama elifanayo.
“Ibizwa ngokuthi yindlu evulekile yesonto - uGeorge Kubler usitshela encwadini yakhe yezakhiwo zaseMexico zekhulu le-16 - ngoba kulolu hlobo lokwakhiwa kwesekela lasebukhosini laseMexico i-atrium ingesinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu, futhi yasinda njengesikhumbuzo sezenzo zangaphandle zangaleso sikhathi. prehispanic. Lolu hlobo lwe-atrium, nesonto elivulekile namasonto avulekile, luye lwafaniswa nethempeli elisendaweni evulekile lapho imisebenzi yangaphambili yayisebenza khona njengehhovisi likamongameli, i-atrium njengendlu, namasonto njengamasonto asemaceleni. Ezikhathini zakamuva, njengoba kungabonakala namuhla, le ndawo evulekile ithole umsebenzi wamathuna ”.
Isonto le-Atzolcintla, njengezinye izakhiwo zika-Augustinian esivakashelwe yilo, lisendaweni ephezulu yezwe, libheke indawo eyomile yezintaba, liyabelana futhi lizihlanganisa nalo lodwa futhi linokuthula. Ngemuva, okugoqwe ngaphakathi futhi kuvikelwe ukwakhiwa kwenkolo okuqinile, yidolobha elincane.
Yize besingaboni ngaphakathi kwalesi sonto, ngemininingwane enikezwe yihhovisi lemeya kamasipala waseMetztitlán, sifunde ukuthi odongeni olusenyakatho lwentaba esikhundleni se-altare kunodwebo olukhulu lweSan Juan Bautista. Ngokuphathelene nengaphandle layo, ingxenye eyakhiwe yakhiwe ngama-prism amabili angunxande ahlanganayo akha ipulani lesikwele esiphindwe kabili. I-atrium yayo yaguqulwa yaba yindawo yamathuna, futhi yonke inkimbinkimbi izungezwe udonga oluqoqiwe.
Ngokuphathelene nokugcina, esinye isici - esingahlukile kangako- sokwakhiwa kwaleli thempeli namanye futhi yisici saso senqaba yangenkathi ephakathi. Lokhu okwedlule kuyabonakala, njengoba besibona kule ndlu yesonto, eTepatetipa naseTlaxco, ezindongeni ezijiyile ezigoqwe ngamatshe nasesimeni esiqinile sokwakha.
Siqhubeka nendlela yethu eya eSan Cristóbal futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sijikela kwesokudla. Sibe sesiqala ukugibela umgwaqo owubhuqu, kwathi kungaphezudlwana sathola idolobha laseTepatetipa.
Into yokuqala esiyibonayo lapho sifika, ngakwesobunxele, yithempeli elidala, elakhiwe phambi kwezwe lezintaba nangobukhosi obunikezwa yiminyaka. Sibhekene nesonto lokuqala elakhiwa esifundeni, ngo-1540, elaziwa ngabantu bendawo njengeTipa. Ngaphakathi ethempelini besibona ukuthi, yize isimo saso besingesihle, kusekhona izinsalela zokuhlobisa kwalo okudala, obekubandakanya amafresco afana kakhulu nawesigodlo saseMetztitlán.
ITepatetipa ine-atrium ecishe ilingane naleyo yethempeli laseLos Santos Reyes, manje elisebenza njengamathuna. Ingaphandle lesakhiwo, elakhiwe ngamatshe entaba-mlilo, nalo lisesimeni esibi.
Sibuyela emuva emgwaqeni bese siqhubeka nohambo lwethu phakathi kwamagquma namasimu. Kudlula idolobha laseSan Cristóbal kanye nechweba iMetztitlán. Siqhubeka size sifinyelele ekuchezukeni kwesokudla komgwaqo bese siqala ukukhuphuka. Siya esontweni elivulekile laseSantiago Apóstol, umphathi wedolobha laseTlaxco.
Ngemuva kokukhuphuka eSierra Madre Oriental cishe nge-1 800 m, saqala ukubuyela emuva ngesikhathi: idolobha esafika kulo lifana ncamashi nelomuzi wangaphambi kweColumbian Aztec. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi ezinye zezindlu zabo ziyaqhubeka nokugcina ukubukeka kwalabo abakhiwe okhokho bethu kuleso sifunda: ukuphakama okuphezulu, okundizwayo, okulengiswe phezulu. Okwamanje, nokho, kunophahla lwe-zinc: luhlala isikhathi eside futhi kulula ukulufaka, yize lungakulungele ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Njengesonto le-Atzolcintla, lelo leTlaxco lisendaweni ephakeme kakhulu futhi libhekene nomhlaba onesizotha wezintaba; Kepha ngokungafani nalelo kanye namanye amathempeli esiwavakashele, kulesi senzakalo samangala ukubona ngaphakathi kwawo isampula langempela lobuciko bezithombe. Lapha, ku-syncretism yamasiko ethokozisayo, ithonya lomdabu lingabonakala kubuso obumnyama nezimpawu zezingelosi, kanye nakwibala - lapho i-blues negolide kunqoba khona - kokuhlobisa, ukubala imininingwane embalwa nje.
Ekuseni ngosuku olulandelayo savakashela isonto elivulekile laseSanta María Magdalena Xihuico, elisemaphethelweni egquma, ekuphumeni kwedolobha. Ukufinyelela kwenziwa ngumgwaqo ogcwele kakhulu.
Ingxenye yakudala yalesi sakhiwo yakhiwa yicube lepresbytery kanye nevolumu yesijobelelo; lena yokugcina inamakamelo amathathu ngaphansi kwama-vault. Ukwakhiwa kwenziwa nge-lime nangetshe, futhi yizidumbu okukhulunywe ngazo kuphela ezihlala esakhiweni sokuqala. Imininingwane ephawulekayo yi-frimze ephezulu ye-perimeter, eqeda indawo ebiyelwe yi-presbytery.
Ngalolu hambo olufushane eXihuico sivalelisa uHidalgo kanye nedolobha elithokomele laseMetztitlán, sazi ukuthi enanini elikhulu lamabhilidi ase-Augustinian akulesi sifunda sikwazile ukunikeza ulwazi kwabambalwa kuphela. Kodwa-ke, sinethemba lokuthi sithathe ukunaka kwalabo abanentshisekelo kumlando namasiko ezwe lethu. Yamukela wonke umuntu eHidalgo.
UMA UYA EMETZTITLÁN
Ukushiya i-DF. thatha umgwaqo omkhulu cha. 130 kuya kuPachuca; Uma usufikile lapho, landela umgwaqo omkhulu wesifundazwe u-105. Cishe ngama-95 km ngaphambili, njalo ekuqondisa ngezimpawu ezithi "Huejutla", uzofika ekuchezukeni lapho kukhona uphawu lomgwaqo obhalwe igama elithi Puente de los Venados. Thatha lo mzila wokugcina futhi ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-25 uzobe ukulelo dolobha. Ngakwesokudla komgwaqo uzothola uphawu olunegama leMetztitlán.
Ukwazi kabanzi ngemizila edlula eMexico
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- Endleleni yeSu Juana
- Imizila yezohwebo (Oaxaca)
- Umzila wobuciko bamadwala eBaja California
