NgoLwesihlanu Oluhle lolo, ngo-1519, ekugcineni, uHernán Cortés nabangane bakhe bafika ezingxenyeni ezinesihlabathi zaseChalchiucueyehcan, phambi kwesiQhingi Semihlatshelo.
Ukaputeni we-Extremaduran, efuna ukuqeda isivumelwano ayesenaso ngokuya phambili kweCuba, u-Diego Velázquez, wabiza wonke amasosha ukuba akhe ihholo ledolobha lokuqala kula mazwe amasha.
Ngaleso senzo, wasula esikhundleni uVelázquez ayemnikeze sona, futhi ngesinqumo esiningi wanikezwa isicoco sokuba ukaputeni jikelele webutho, kuya kuphela ngegunya lenkosi yaseSpain, okwathi, ngokunikezwa ibanga elibhalwe yi-Atlantic Ocean, washiya uCortes ekhululekile ukuba asebenze njengokusho kwesifiso sakhe. Njengesenzo sesibili esisemthethweni, i-Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz yasungulwa, indawo yokuhlala eyaqala kabi ngekamu elilula lalabo abasanda kwehla.
Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, uCortés wathola inxusa elithunyelwe nguMnu Chicomecóatl - abaseSpain ababembiza ngokuthi "El Cacique Gordo" ngenxa yesimo sakhe esivelele -, umbusi waseTotonac wedolobha elingumakhelwane iZempoala, owammema ukuba azohlala esizindeni sakhe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uCortés wabona isikhundla sakhe esihle futhi wavuma ukuhambisa nebutho lakhe enhloko-dolobha yaseTotonac; ngakho-ke, imikhumbi yaseSpain yalibangisa ethekwini elincane eliphambi kwedolobha laseTotonac iQuiahuiztlan.
Ngabezimpimpi nabahumushi bakhe, uJerónimo de Aguilar no doña Marina, iExtremaduran yathola isimo sendawo, ngalokho-ke yafunda ukuthi uMctezuma omkhulu wabusa phakathi nezwe idolobha elikhulu, eligcwele ingcebo, amabutho akhe agcina ukuphatha okuyihlazo kwezempi , okwalandela okwalandela abaqoqi bentela abazondwayo ukukhipha imikhiqizo yala mazwe nokutshala inzondo; Isimo esinjalo sasivuna kakhulu inkosi yaseSpain futhi ngokususelwa kuso wahlela ibhizinisi lakhe lokunqoba.
Kodwa-ke ingxenye yamasosha ayevela eCuba, enganelisekile ngezinhloso zikaCortés, azama ukuvukela futhi azama ukubuyela esiqhingini; Ukwaziswa ngalokhu, uCortés wayala ukuba imikhumbi yakhe igingqike phansi, yize ahlenga zonke oseyili nezintambo ezingaba usizo; okuningi kwemikhumbi kuyabonakala, ngakho-ke insimbi, izipikili nokhuni kuzolondolozwa kamuva.
Efuna ukuphepha okukhulu, uCortés wagxilisa lonke iqembu endaweni eseduze neQuiahuiztlan futhi wayala ukuba kwakhiwe inqaba encane, eyayizoba yi-Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz yesibili, kwakhiwe izindlu ngokhuni ezihlangulwe emikhunjini ekhubazekile.
Kungaleso sikhathi-ke lapho amacebo kaCortés okunqotshwa kwale ndawo entsha aqala ukusebenza, naphezu kwemizamo yama-Aztec tlatoani yokwanelisa ukulambela ingcebo okwakukhonjiswa ngokusobala ngabaseSpain - ikakhulukazi ngokuhloba nobucwebe begolide--.
UMoctezuma, etshelwa ngezinhloso zabaseYurophu, wathumela amaqhawe akhe nababusi bendawo njengamanxusa akhe, ngemizamo eyize yokubavimba.
Ukaputeni waseSpain uhlela ukungena kule ndawo. Ukusuka eQuiahuiztlan ibutho libuyela eZempoala, lapho abaseSpain nabaseTotonacs bevumelana khona nomfelandawonye oqinisa amazinga eCortés nezinkulungwane zamaqhawe omdabu afuna ukuziphindiselela.
Amasosha aseSpain awela ithafa elisogwini nezindunduma zalo, imifula namagquma amnene, ubufakazi obusobala bezintaba zaseSierra Madre; bama endaweni ababeyibiza ngokuthi yiRinconada, bese besuka lapho baqonde eXalapa, idolobha elincane elisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kwenkulungwane labavumela ukuba baphumule ekushiseni okushubisa ugu.
Ngokwabo, amanxusa ama-Aztec ayenemiyalo yokuphikisa uCortés, ngakho-ke awamhambisanga emizileni yendabuko eyayixhumanisa masisha isikhungo saseMexico nogu, kodwa kunalokho emigwaqeni ejiyayo; Ngakho-ke, besuka eJalapa bathuthela eCoatepec basuka lapho baya eXicochimalco, idolobha lokuzivikela elisenkangala yezintaba.
Ukusuka lapho ukwenyuka kwaba nzima ngokwengeziwe, izindlela zawaholela ezinqabeni eziphakeme zezintaba nemifula ejulile, okwathi, kanye nokuphakama, kwabangela ukufa kwezigqila ezithile zomdabu uCortés ayeze nazo evela e-Antilles futhi ezazingezona kujwayele ukushisa okubandayo okunjalo. Ekugcineni bafika endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yezintaba, abababhapathiza njengePuerto del Nombre de Dios, lapho baqala khona ukwehla khona. Badlula e-Ixhuacán, lapho bathola khona amakhaza amakhulu nolaka lwenhlabathi yentaba-mlilo; base befika eMalpaís, indawo ezungeze intaba iPerote, bedlula ezindaweni ezinosawoti omningi abaziqamba ngokuthi i-El Salado. AbaseSpain babamangala lapho befuna ukwazi ukuthi amanzi amuncu abangelwa yini yizigaxa zentaba-mlilo ezingasekho, njenge-Alchichica; lapho bewela iXalapazco neTepeyahualco, abaphathi baseSpain, bejuluka kakhulu, bomile futhi bengenaso isiqondiso esinqunyiwe, baqala ukuphumula. Imihlahlandlela yama-Aztec iphendule ngokuzivikela ezicelweni ezinamandla zikaCortés.
Enyakatho-ntshonalanga eyedlulele yendawo enosawoti bathola abantu ababili ababalulekile lapho benza khona ukudla futhi baphumula isikhashana: iZautla, osebeni loMfula i-Apulco, nase-Ixtac Camastitlan. Lapho, njengakwamanye amadolobha, uCortés wafuna ukuthi ababusi, egameni lenkosi yakhe ekude, bahambise igolide, alinikeza ubuhlalu beglasi nezinye izinto ezingenamsebenzi.
Iqembu lomkhankaso lalisondela emngceleni wendlu yaseTlaxcala, lapho uCortés athumela izithunywa ezimbili ngokuthula. AmaTlaxcalans, akha isizwe sama-quadripartite, enza izinqumo emkhandlwini, futhi njengoba izingxoxo zabo zabambezeleka, abaseSpain baqhubeka nokuthuthuka; Ngemuva kokuwela uthango olukhulu lwamatshe, baba nokuhilizisana no-Otomi namaTlaxcalans eTecuac, lapho balahlekelwa khona ngamadoda athile. Ngemuva kwalokho baqhubeka baya eTzompantepec, lapho balwa khona nebutho laseTlaxcala eliholwa ukaputeni osemusha uXicoténcatl, indodana yombusi wegama elifanayo. Ekugcineni, amabutho aseSpain anqoba futhi uXicoténcatl ngokwakhe wanikeza ukuthula kubanqobi futhi wabaholela eTizatlán, indawo eyayiphethe ngaleso sikhathi. UCortés, eyazi inzondo yasendulo phakathi kwamaTlaxcalans nama-Aztec, wabakhanga ngamazwi athophayo nezithembiso, okwenza amaTlaxcalans, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abahlanganyeli bakhe abathembekile kakhulu.
Umgwaqo obheke eMexico manje wawusuqonde ngqo. Abangane bakhe abasha bacebisa abaseSpain ukuthi baye eCholula, isikhungo esibalulekile sezohwebo nezenkolo sezigodini zasePuebla. Ngenkathi besondela edolobheni elidumile, babejabule kakhulu, becabanga ukuthi ukukhanya kwezakhiwo kungenxa yokuthi zazimbozwe ngegolide nesiliva lamellae, kanti empeleni kwakungukucwebezelwa kwe-stucco nopende okwadala leyo nkohliso.
UCortés, uxwayise ngokusolelwa uzungu ngamaCholultecas ngaye, uyalela ukubulawa kwabantu ngesihluku lapho amaTlaxcalans abamba iqhaza khona. Izindaba zalesi senzo zasakazeka ngokushesha kuyo yonke indawo futhi zanikeza abanqobi i-halo esabekayo.
Ohambweni lwabo oluya eTenochtitlan bawela iCalpan bese bema eTlamacas, maphakathi neSierra Nevada, nezintaba-mlilo ezinhlangothini; Lapho uCortés wayecabanga ngombono omuhle kakhulu empilweni yakhe yonke: ezansi nesigodi, sizungezwe izintaba ezimbozwe ngamahlathi, kwakungamachibi, anamadolobha amaningi. Leso bekuyisiphetho sakhe futhi akukho lutho olwalungaphikisana nokuhlangana naye manje.
Ibutho laseSpain lehla laze lafika e-Amecameca naseTlalmanalco; emadolobheni womabili uCortés uthola amagugu amaningi egolide nezinye izinto eziyigugu; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abaseYurophu bathinta ugu lweLake Chalco, esikhumulweni esaziwa nge-Ayotzingo; besuka lapho bahambela eTezompa naseTetelco, lapho babona khona isiqhingi saseMíxquic, bafika endaweni ye-chinampera yaseCuitláhuac. Basondela kancane kancane e-Iztapalapa, lapho batholwa khona nguCuitláhuac, umfowabo omncane kaMoctezuma nenkosi yendawo; e-Iztapalapa, ngaleso sikhathi eyayiphakathi kwe-chinampas negquma laseCitlaltépetl, bagcwalisa amandla abo futhi, ngaphezu kwengcebo eyigugu, banikezwa abesifazane abaningana.
Ekugcineni, ngoNovemba 8, 1519, ibutho eliholwa nguHernán Cortés laqhubekela phambili ngomgwaqo i-Iztapalapa esigabeni esasivela empumalanga siya entshonalanga, kwaze kwahlangana enye ingxenye yomgwaqo odlula eChurubusco naseXochimilco, ukusuka lapho eceleni komgwaqo oholela eningizimu uye enyakatho. Kude kude imipiramidi enamathempeli ayo ingahlukaniswa, imbozwe ngentuthu yama-braziers; Kusukela esigabeni kuya kwesigaba, kusukela ezikebheni zabo, abomdabu babemangazwa ukubonakala kwabaseYurophu futhi, ikakhulukazi, ukukhala kwamahhashi.
EFort Xólotl, eyayivikela umnyango oseningizimu weMexico-Tenochtitlan, uCortés waphinde wathola izipho ezahlukahlukene. UMoctezuma uvele esihlalweni sikadoti, egqoke kahle futhi enomoya omkhulu wesizotha; Kulo mhlangano phakathi kombusi wendabuko nokaputeni waseSpain, ekugcineni abantu ababili namasiko amabili bahlangana okwakungasekela umzabalazo omkhulu.
Umthombo:Izindima Zomlando No. 11 Hernán Cortés nokunqotshwa kweMexico / Meyi 2003
