UDavid Alfaro Siqueiros, owazalwa ngoDisemba 29, 1896, eSanta Rosalía, namuhla iCamargo, iChihuahua, wakhanyiselwa yiminyakazo eyakha leli khulu leminyaka.
Kumkhuhlane wobusha bakhe, wahileleka esitelekeni eSan Carlos Academy ngo-1911. Le nhlangano ayibanga nje kuphela ushintsho olukhulu futhi olucacile ekusetshenzisweni kwezemfundo kwezobuciko ezweni, kodwa futhi yamguqula waba yisosha lezeMpi. Isazi somthethosisekelo eNtshonalanga, ngaphansi kokulawulwa nguGeneral Manuel M. Diéguez. Ngesikhundla sokuba ukaputeni wesibili, nokwenyuka kukaVenustiano Carranza esiya ehhovisi likamongameli weRiphabhulikhi, wathunyelwa eYurophu njengombutho wezempi wamanxusa aseSpain, e-Italy naseFrance, ngo-1919. Wasebenzisa leli thuba ukuhlangana nokuhlangana. nama-avant-gardes amakhulu ase-Europe kanye nabavezi bawo, nokufunda ubuciko be-Renaissance, ayebazi ngothisha wakhe uGerardo Murillo, uDokotela Atl, eNational School of Fine Arts.
EParis, uSiqueiros wahlangana noDiego Rivera ahlanganyela naye ukuphefumula kweNguquko yaseMexico futhi wenza ubungane obuzohlala impilo yakhe yonke. Ubuyele eMexico ngo-1922 - ngokumenywa nguJosé Vasconcelos, owayenguNobhala Wezemfundo Yomphakathi ngaleso sikhathi - ukujoyina abadwebi abenze imidwebo yokuqala eSan Ildefonso National Preparatory School. Ukwenza umdwebo wakhe wokuqala wakhetha i-cube yezitebhisi egcekeni le "sikole esincane". Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sakhe, uVasconcelos wehliswa esikhundleni nguManuel Puig Cassaurang, owacindezela abaculi ukuthi bayeke impi yabo yobukhomanisi evulekile. Behluleka ukwenza kanjalo, uSiqueiros noJosé Clemente Orozco baxoshwa emifanekisweni yabo ebunjiwe uSiqueiros ayengasoze abuyela kuyo.
Umsebenzi wokusabalalisa nobushoshovu bomcabango wobukhomanisi ngephephandaba elithi "El Machete". lokho kwasuka ekubeni yimpimpi ye-Union of Revolutionary Painters, Sculptors and Engravers ukuze isebenze njengohlaka oluphambili lokusatshalaliswa kweMexico Communist Party. Bahole uSiqueiros ukuba enze umkhankaso omkhulu wokwakha nokuhlela izinyunyana, waba nguNobhala Jikelele we-Workers 'Confederation of Jalisco.
Ngo-1930, uSiqueiros waboshelwa ukubamba iqhaza emibhikishweni kaMeyi 1, futhi kamuva nedolobha laseTaxco eGuerrero lavalelwa kuye. Lapho wahlangana noWilliam Spratting owameseka ukuthi aqhubeke nokudweba. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, uSiqueiros waya eLos Angeles, eCalifornia, eyokwenza imibukiso ehlukahlukene, futhi wafundisa amakilasi okwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eChouinard School of Art, emenywe nguMillard Sheets. Wakha iqembu alibiza nge-American Block of Painters futhi wafundisa nge-muralism ngokuyipenda. Wenze uMhlangano wasendongeni wasemgwaqweni, owasuswa ngemuva nje kokufakwa kwabantu abanebala elimhlophe kuleso sihloko, ngaphezu kokuba kwakheke inkulumo evelele yezepolitiki. Ithimba lakhe lakhula futhi wathunywa udonga olusha ePlaza Art Centre. Lo mfanekiso uphinde wabangela ukucasuka futhi wayalelwa ukuthi usulwe kuqala kancane bese uphelela ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi ehlala eCalifornia, uSiqueiros wayevele abonwa njengesitayela sakhe.
USiqueiros uqhubeke nomsebenzi ahlala njalo eqondiswa ubushoshovu bakhe bezenhlalo, nobuntu bakhe njengobangela amahlazo nokungqubuzana neziphathimandla. Kwakungowe-1940 lapho - kwavela izinto zokuzilibazisa zaseMexico zokuqala zokuqoqa- okwabeka ithoni yokuvikeleka kwezobuciko okungakaze kube khona ezweni lethu. Abalandeli bezobuciko abasha babenomuzwa ohlotshaniswa nobuzwe futhi babeyingxenye yomphakathi webhizinisi ohlukile waseMexico owathola amanani angaziwa enkambisweni yangemva kokuguqula umbuso. Okunye kwalokhu kwakuwukuthanda ubuhle bokomoya okungafuni ekuthengeni ubuciko ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe, kepha kunalokho kuqoqa ukukhethwa ngokucophelela kwezindwangu nemizwa ehumusha ibe yingcebo ezokwabiwa nabanye. I-Licio Lagos Terán iyisibonelo lapho izingxenye zobunye obusondelene zihlangana khona, lapho kuthanda khona intando kazwelonke neyendawo yonke ngothando olufanayo, isibonelo sosomabhizinisi wobuzwe ongawunaki umsebenzi onengqondo wabantu bakhe nowabaculi abavela kuhlanganisa iziyaluyalu ezingalindelekile.
Lo mculi uhambe ebambisene nomvikeli kuze kube yilolu suku, ezuza njengefa umsebenzi wokuqoqela ozayo, umuntu uthole izizathu ezinhle zokujoyina ubuciko, phakathi kokunye ukuzinikela kanye nomqondo osebenza ngaphakathi njengenkolo maqondana nezinto ezingenakwenzeka, ngoba ubuciko sebugcwele ngokweqile futhi ngokwehlukahlukana kwabo kuxubana okungokomoya nokuhlambalazayo, okumsulwa nokuhlanekezelwe, okwenziwe ngemvelo. Kepha ukwazi ukuthi yini eyenza umuntu athole umsebenzi, kubalulekile ukubuyekeza ubizo lwakhe.
Ngokuzibophezela kumele sizibuze ukuthi, bekuzokwenzekani kubuciko baseMexico nababhali bawo, ngaphandle kukaLicio Lagos, ngaphandle kuka-Alvaro Carrillo Gil, ngaphandle kukaMarte R. Gómez, yena, nabanye, ababeka izinsiza zabo engcupheni kuphela ngenxa yokuthembela kwabo kokungaziwa. Bekungaba yini ngabaculi bethu abebengajwayele ukuthwalwa ubunzima yindlala nezidingo? Abaqoqi bengxenye yokuqala yekhulu leminyaka babenza ukusekelwa kokushisekela izwe lapho ubungani nomculi babusengozini khona, kunokuba kube yinzuzo yezomnotho; Nsuku zonke kuhlanganiswa izintambo zemizwa ezihlanganisa umsebenzi wokwakha nalokho wokuqoqa okwenziwe. U-Licio Lagos Terán wazithola ngenye intambama ngo-1952 eMisrachi Gallery nomdwebo iCaminantes, owadwetshwa nguDavid Alfaro Siqueiros ngawo lowo nyaka. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, othandweni nesihloko, lapho izibalo ezimbili ezigqokiwe zihamba ngaphandle kwenhloso ethile, umsebenzi ukhombisa ukuqondana okwenzeka phakathi kweLagos neSiqueiros. Bobabili bashiya izifundazwe zabo futhi babhekana nezindawo ezingaqinisekile-njengalezo zabo bonke abahambi-, lo mdwebo uchaza idrama phakathi kwemvelaphi nokuphuma, kuvusa ithemba lomfuduki, okuthi lapho eshiya okungalindelekile, aqale ukuzibuza.
U-Licio Lagos Terán wazalelwa eCosamaloapan Veracruz ngo-1902, eSiqueiros, eChihuahua, bobabili baphila imicimbi yokuzalwa kweRiphabhulikhi. Owokuqala wavuselelwa impilo ngokubanjwa kweTheku laseVeracruz okwenziwa ngabaseNyakatho Melika ngo-Ephreli 21, 1914, kanti owesibili wayephakathi kokudelela kukaJuarista nguyisemkhulu u-Antonio Alfaro, "ama-Seven Edges" ayelwa empini kaJuárez ngokumelene nokuhlasela kwangaphandle. Bobabili balibangise enhlokodolobha yezwe ukuyoqhubeka noqeqesho lwabo lobuchwepheshe: Licio Lagos e-Faculty of Law, eSiqueiros eNational School of Fine Arts.
Ngenkathi uLicio Lagos eqeqeshwa njengommeli, uSiqueiros wakhonza njengokaputeni wezinguquko. Ngo-1925, uLicio wathola isiqu sakhe sobungcweti kwathi uSiqueiros wabhaliswa njengodokotela wasendlini. Ngo-1929, uMnu. Lagos wasungula inkampani yakhe yezeluleko zezomthetho ezinkampanini, ngemuva kweminyaka waba nguMongameli weConfederation of Industrial Chambers. USiqueiros wayesemvuthwandaba womsebenzi wakhe wobumbano omkhulu. Ngaphandle komehluko ngokungangabazeki ababenawo, uLicio Lagos noDavid Alfaro Siqueiros bakha ubungani obubalulekile. Okufanelekile futhi okunobuqili, ukukhuluma kahle nokukhalipha, ibala elenza iCaminantes lichaza isimo esesabisayo: indawo eqhubekayo yokufudukela esifundazweni iye emadolobheni. USiqueiros ngaso sonke isikhathi wayecabanga ngesidingo sokuveza izimpawu eziqephuzayo ezifundweni azakhela imidwebo yakhe, kusobala ukuthi lo mdwebo umtshele okuningi ngalokho abekufuna.
U-Licio Lagos uthole umdwebo wesibili nowesithathu kuSiqueiros uqobo, kwakunguVolcán (1955) neBahía de Acapulco, (Puerto Marqués 1957). Kokubili kufakwe esikhathini lapho iLagos yagcizelela ekutholeni iqoqo elihle kakhulu lamathafa aseMexico aziwa kuze kube manje. Kucatshangwa ukuthi umsebenzi olandelayo kwakungu Sonrisa Jarocha, odwetshwe ngokucacile ngumdwebi, ngomzamo wokubamba emsebenzini owodwa bonke ubuhlakani nokwazisa ngegazi likaVeracruz, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokubona okwenziwe ezikhumbuzweni zakhe Bangibiza ngeCoronelazo ( 1977), lapho echaza umthelela odalwe ukuhlala kwakhe esemncane ethekwini nokuhlala kwakhe "nabesifazane abahle baseJarocha."
Ngo-1959, uSiqueiros wazwelana nesiteleka esenziwa ngabasebenzi bakaloliwe baseMexico futhi baboshelwa icala lokuhlakazeka kwezenhlalo, eBlack Palace yaseLecumberri, phakathi kuka-1960 no-1964. Ngenkathi egqunywa ejele, izingqinamba zezomnotho zafinyelela emndenini nethimba labasizi be-muralists. Ngaphandle kokungabaza waya kubangani bakhe; omunye wabo kwakunguLicio Lagos, owelula isandla sakhe kuye ngokuthola eminye imidwebo emine yoqobo. Phakathi kwalezi El beso (1960), lapho umama adlulisela khona ukuthanda kwakhe impilo endodaneni yakhe. Umbuzo obuzwe izikhathi eziyikhulu ukuthi ukwazisa okunjalo kungachuma kanjani phakathi kwekhomanisi elinamandla njengoSiqueiros nommeli ongumqashi onjengoLicio Lagos; impendulo itholakala kulo mdwebo Ukusatshalaliswa kwamathoyizi asetshenzisiwe ezinganeni ezihlwempu zeMezquital (1961), isifanekiso sangempela semfundiso yefilosofi yobuciko exhumene nobuntu. Lo msebenzi uchaza isixuku esingazinzi nesiphelelwe yithemba, esishubile nezifiso, ngaphambi kwamantombazane ambalwa agqoke oboya asezinyaweni zawo aphethe idilowa elikhulu elinamathoyizi asetshenzisiwe. Phakathi kobuzenzisi nozwela olungamanga, uSiqueiros ukhombisa ngemivimbo enesigqi iklabhu elincane lalabo abenza kahle elibusa ngokunikeza okusele kwabampofu, into uLicio Lagos avumelana ngayo nodokotela wezakhiwo, ekuqondeni ukuthi isidingo asidingi kumele kusizakale ngokungazi lutho, noma ngonembeza ofihlwe njengesipho. U-Licio Lagos wabeka lo mdwebo ngabaqambi bezobuhle abaphakanyisiwe ngokuthula kwekhaya lakhe, okuveza izindonga ezinamathele kubuhle bomakhi wawo.
Ama-lithographs amathathu aqedela ukuqoqwa. Esokuqala yingxenye yomdwebo owakhiwe ngomdwebo i-Muerte al Invasor, odwetshwe nguSiqueiros eChillán, eChile, lapho amakhanda aseGalvarino noFrancisco Bilbao behlangana khona bekhala ngokuhlubuka kokuhlasela kombuso nokuhlukunyezwa komdabu lapho iSiqueiros ikhombisa khona ukuhlonishwa kwakhe nguLagos ekunikezelweni: "Kummeli uLicio Lagos, nobungani obusha bomlobi. Ngobusuku bangaphambi konyaka omusha ka-1957. " Omunye futhi umuntu uboshelwe esihlahleni okuzovela kuso izifundo ezizosebenza kamuva ePoliforum.
Iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu ngemuva kukaSiqueiros noLicio Lagos, ukuthula lapho izidalwa ezimbili ezahlukaniswa khona zahlukanisa amabanga abo ngezaba ezesabekayo aziyeki ukusimangaza: uthando lobuciko, ukuthanda isisekelo esiyinkimbinkimbi somuntu.
