Ukwehlukahlukana ngokobuzwe kwezindawo zase-Oaxacan kwanika ivangeli isimilo esihlukile kunaleso esasinaso kwezinye izingxenye zeNew Spain; yize ngokuvamile inqubomgomo efanayo yalandelwa maqondana nendlela yokufaka abantu bomdabu emasikweni aseNtshonalanga.
Ukwehlukahlukana ngokobuzwe kwezindawo zase-Oaxacan kwanika ivangeli isimilo esihlukile kunaleso esasinaso kwezinye izingxenye zeNew Spain; yize ngokuvamile inqubomgomo efanayo yalandelwa maqondana nendlela yokufaka abantu bomdabu emasikweni aseNtshonalanga.
I-Agroso modo, kungashiwo ukuthi e-Oaxaca ibandla lesonto elidlala indima enkulu libambe iqhaza elibaluleke kakhulu futhi elinqumayo kunabefundisi bezwe. Ubufakazi balokhu yizindela eziyizikhumbuzo ezisemi namanje; Kungakho abaseDominican, kufanele, babhekwa "njengabaqambi bempucuko ye-Oaxacan." Kodwa-ke, amandla ababenawo kubantu bomdabu avela kaningi ezenzweni ezinobudlova.
Amakhonsathi aseMixteca Alta adume ngezizathu eziningi: iTamazulapan, iCoxtlahuaca, iTejupan, iTeposcolula, iYanhuitlán, iNochixtlán, i-Achiutla neTlaxiaco, phakathi kwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu; ezigodini ezimaphakathi, ngaphandle kokungabaza, isakhiwo esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu yisigodlo seSanto Domingo de Oaxaca (iNdlu Yomama Yesifundazwe kanye neKolishi Lama-Major Studies), kodwa akumele sikhohlwe izindlu zase-Etla, Huitzo, Cuilapan, Tlacochahuaya, Teitipac kanye noJalapa de Marqués (kulezi zinsuku wanyamalala), phakathi kokunye; cishe bonke abasendleleni eya eTehuantepec. Kuleso naleso sakhiwo kungabonakala iqembu elifanayo lokwakha, "lasungulwa" ngabakhiqizi phakathi nekhulu le-16: i-atrium, isonto, i-cloister kanye nengadi yezithelo. Kuzo, imfashini nokuthanda izinto zobuciko ezalethwa abaseSpain, kanye nezinkumbulo ezahlukahlukene zepulasitiki, ikakhulukazi ezesithombe, zozalo lwangaphambi kweSpanishi.
Ngaphezu kokuhlanganiswa okuphelele kwepulasitiki, ubukhulu obukhulu bala mafektri buqhamuka: i-atria ebanzi yandulela amakhonsathi, kube ngeyaseTeposcolula engenye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu.
Amasonto avulekile angaba "uhlobo lwe-niche" -njenge-Coixtlahuaca- noma ngama-naves amaningana njengaseTeposcolula naseCuilapan. Emasontweni, lelo likaYanhuitlán, ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, lingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngeshwa cishe yonke indawo yase-Oaxacan iyindawo yokuzamazama komhlaba; Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuzamazama komhlaba kuye kwachitha kaningi ama-cloisters amadala. Noma kunjalo, isimo sayo esidala sisabonakala, njengase-Etla noma eHuitzo. Izingadi ezihlanganayo zakha, amakhulu eminyaka, ukuziqhenya kwenkolo yaseDominican, eyenza izitshalo zomhlaba zikhule, eduze kwezihlahla nemifino evela eCastile.
Kodwa-ke, kungaphakathi kwamasonto lapho usengakubona ukunotha kwe-trousseau ababehlobise ngayo: umdwebo odongeni, okokufaka i-altare, amatafula nemidwebo kawoyela, izithombe ezibaziwe kanye nezitho, ifenisha, abakhandi begolide besonto kanye nezembatho zenkolo kukhombisa ingcebo nokupha yalabo abayikhokhele (abantu ngabanye kanye nemiphakathi yomdabu).
Izindawo zezindela zaziyizizinda lapho impucuko yaseNtshonalanga yavela khona: kanye nemfundiso yenkolo yamaKhatholika, kwethulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokusebenzisa umhlaba kalula futhi kalula.
Izitshalo ezaqhamuka kude (ukolweni, umoba, ikhofi, izihlahla zezithelo) zaguqula isimo se-Oaxacan esihlukahlukene; ushintsho olugcizelela izilwane - ezinkulu nezincane - ezivela ngaphesheya kolwandle (izinkomo, izimbuzi, amahhashi, izingulube, izinyoni nezilwane ezifuywayo). Futhi ukwethulwa kokutshalwa kwembungu kasilika akufanele kukhunjulwe, okwathi kanye nokusizakala kokubomvu kwabangela ukondliwa, iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu, yomnotho wezifunda ezahlukahlukene zase-Oaxaca.
Ema-convents futhi, besebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ezingajwayelekile (ngokwesibonelo, umculo, ubuciko nokudansa), ama-friars afundisa abomdabu imikhuba yesiko likamoya lesibonakaliso esihluke kakhulu kunaleso ababenaso ngaphambi kokufika kwabanqobi; ngasikhathi sinye, ukufunda ubuciko bemishini kwakwakha isithombe somdabu wase-Oaxacan.
Kepha kungaba kungalungile ukuthi ungasho ukuthi ama-friar afunde nezilimi eziningi zomdabu, ngaphezu kweZapotec neMixtec; Izichazamazwi, izimfundiso, uhlelo lolimi, izinkonzo zokuzinikela, izintshumayelo, nobunye ubuciko ngezilimi zomdabu, ezibhalwe ngabakwa-Dominican friars, ziningi. Amagama kaFray Gonzalo Lucero, uFray Jordán de Santa Catalina, uFray Juan de Córdoba noFray Bernardino de Minaya, aphakathi kwamazwe ahlonishwa kakhulu emphakathini wabashumayeli osungulwe e-Oaxaca.
Manje, abefundisi bezwe baphinde bavela emazweni ase-Oaxacan kusukela ekuqaleni; yize kwake kwamiswa umbhishobhi wase-Antequera, ophethe okwesibili iminyaka engamashumi amabili (1559-1579) kwakunguDominican: uFray Bernardo de Alburquerque. Njengoba isikhathi sihamba, uMqhele wayezimisele ikakhulukazi ukuthi ababhishobhi babengakholwa. Ngekhulu le-17, abefundisi abadumile abanjengoDon Isidoro Sariñana noCuenca (Mexico, 1631-Oaxaca, 1696), uhlu lwezincwadi zeCathedral of Mexico, abafika e-Oaxaca ngo-1683, babusa isigqoko.
Uma ama-convents emele ubukhona babefundisi abahamba phambili ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zebhizinisi, emasontweni athile nasemasontweni - ingxenye yawo yokwakha ehluke impela - kutholakala umkhondo wabefundisi bezwe. Njengoba idolobha lase-Antequera lakhiwa ngumakhi omkhulu u-Alonso García Bravo, isonto lombhishobhi lase-Oaxaca lalinendawo eyodwa eyinhloko ezungeze isikwele; isakhiwo esizohlalisa ababhishobhi sabhalwa futhi sakhiwa ngekhulu le-16, kulandela imodeli yesonto lombhishobhi yama-naves amathathu anemibhoshongo engamawele.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nangenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba okwabalimaza, kwakhiwa kabusha ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, kwaba yisakhiwo senkolo esibaluleke kunazo zonke edolobheni, ikakhulukazi ngombono wokuphatha; Isikrini sayo esingaphambili sesikhumbuzo senkwali eluhlaza sinye sezibonelo ezijwayelekile ze-Oaxacan Baroque. Budebuduze nayo - nangendlela yokuncintisana nayo - yima isigodlo saseSanto Domingo kanye nendawo engcwele yeNuestra Señora de la Soledad. Owokuqala wabo, kanye neChapel yeRosary, uyisibonelo esivelele somsebenzi we-plaster owenze imali eningi ePuebla nase-Oaxaca; kulokho ubuciko basethempelini kanye nemfundiso yenkolo kuyahambisana, kuguqulwa kwaba iculo elingapheli elikhazimulisa uNkulunkulu ne-oda laseDominican. Futhi esibukweni esibucayi sesikrini saseLa Soledad kukhona nekhasi lemfundiso yenkolo nomlando onemifanekiso yabo ethola imithandazo yokuqala yabathembekile, ngaphambi kokuba bakhothame phambi kwale ntokazi ehluphekayo.
Amanye amathempeli namasonto amaningi akha isithombe sasemadolobheni sase-Oaxaca nezindawo ezisizungezile; amanye anesizotha kakhulu, isibonelo iSanta Marta del Marquesado; ezinye, ezinamagugu ayo angenakubalwa, zifakazela ingcebo yase-Antequera: ISan Felipe Neri, igcwele izingqimba ze-altare legolide, iSan Agustín nocingo lwayo olucishe lufane; okunye kuvusa imiyalo ehlukene yenkolo: AbakwaMercedarians, amaJesuit, amaKarmeli, ngaphandle kokukhohlwa amagatsha ahlukahlukene enkolo, okukhona kwawo kuzwakala emafemini amakhulu njengendlu endala yezindela yaseSanta Catarina noma isigodlo saseLa Soledad. Futhi namanje, ngenxa yegama layo nobukhulu bayo, iqembu laseLos Siete Príncipes (okwamanje iCasa de la Cultura) liyasihlaba umxhwele, kanye nezindela zaseSan Francisco, uCarmen Alto kanye nesonto laseLas Nieves.
Ithonya lobuciko lalezi zikhumbuzo lidlulele ngale kwezigodi futhi lingahlonishwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezikude njengeSierra de Ixtlán. Isonto laseSanto Tomás, elisedolobheni lakamuva, nakanjani lalakhiwe futhi lahlotshiswa ngabenzi bezandla abavela e-Antequera. Kungashiwo okufanayo ngethempeli laseCalpulalpan lapho kungaziwa ukuthi yini okufanele uyihloniphe kakhulu, uma ukwakhiwa kwayo noma okwe-altare okugcwele izithombe zegolide.
