Ngo-1521, uFernando de Magallanes, umatilosi ongumPutukezi owayesebenza eSpain, wathola ohambweni lwakhe oludumile lokuzungeza isiqhingi esikhulu asibiza ngokuthi iSan Lázaro.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ngemvume kaPopu Alexander VI, iPortugal neSpain babelane ngeNew World esanda kutholakala eminyakeni engama-29 eyedlule. Ukubuswa koLwandle lwaseNingizimu - iPacific Ocean - kwakubaluleke kakhulu kuyo yomibili imibuso enamandla, ngoba noma ngubani owazuza lo msebenzi omkhulu, ngaphandle kokungabaza, "Umnikazi we-Orb".
IYurophu yayazi futhi yathanda kusukela ngekhulu le-14 leminyaka ukucolisiswa kwemikhiqizo yasempumalanga futhi kwezinye izimo ukubaluleka kwempahla yabo, ngakho-ke ukutholakala kanye nokwenziwa kwamakoloni eMelika kwasicubungula kabusha isidingo sokwakha ukuxhumana okuhlala njalo okufunwayo nombuso. weGreat Khan, umnikazi weziqhingi zezinongo, usilika, ubumba, amakha angavamile, amaparele amakhulu kanye nomthamo wesibhamu.
Ukuhwebelana ne-Asiya bekumelele i-adventure ekhangayo eYurophu ngokususelwa ezindabeni nobufakazi obanikezwa nguMarco Polo, yingakho noma yimuphi umkhiqizo ovela kulawo mazwe akude wawungakhanga kakhulu kuphela, kodwa futhi wawuthengwa ngamanani amakhulu.
Ngenxa yesikhundla sayo, iNew Spain yayiyindawo ekahle yokuzama ukuthola ukuxhumana okwase kukudala kulindelwe, ngoba lokho okwakuhloswe yiSpain ngenkathi ithumela u-Andrés Niño ngo-1520, neJofre de Loaiza ngo-1525, emngceleni we-Afrika nokungena e-Indian Ocean Ngaphandle kohambo olubiza kakhulu, kube nomphumela wokwehluleka okukhulu; Ngalesi sizathu, uHernán Cortés noPedro de Alvarado, ngemuva nje kokunqotshwa kweMexico, bakhokhela ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi eminingana eyayihlomile eZihuatanejo ngezinto ezingcono kakhulu.
Lezi kwakuyizinkambiso ezimbili zokuqala ezazizozama ukusuka eNew Spain ukufinyelela emaphethelweni aseMpumalanga; Kodwa-ke, yize kunamathuba okuphumelela, womabili ahlulekile ngezizathu ezihlukile angena nje olwandle iPacific.
Kwakuyithuba lommeli uDon Luis de Velasco (ubaba) ukuzama futhi ngo-1542 iphrojekthi yobudedengu. Ngakho-ke, yakhokhela ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi emine emikhulu, i-brig kanye ne-schooner, okwathi ngaphansi kokulawula kukaRuy López de Villalobos, yasuka ePuerto de la Navidad namalungu angu-370 ayesemkhunjini.
Lolu hambo lwakwazi ukufinyelela eziqhingini uMagellan ayezibize ngokuthi iSan Lázaro futhi ezabe seziqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi "iPhilippines", ukuhlonipha lowo owayeyinkosana ngaleso sikhathi.
Kodwa-ke, "ukubuyela emuva" noma "ukubuya" kuqhubeke kwaba yinkinga enkulu yezinkampani ezinjalo, ngakho-ke iminyaka ethile iphrojekthi yamiswa ukubuyekezwa, eMetropolis nasenhlokodolobha ye-viceroyalty yaseNew Spain; Ekugcineni, uFelipe II wabekwa esihlalweni sobukhosi, wayala ngo-1564 umphathi weVelasco ukuba alungiselele ibutho elisha, eliholwa nguDon Miguel López de Legazpi nendela u-Agustino Andrés de Urdaneta, owagcina esungule indlela yokubuyela endaweni yokuqala.
Ngempumelelo etholakele ekubuyiseleni e-Acapulco yeSan Pedro Galleon, umkhumbi owawulawulwa yi-Urdaneta, i-Europe kanye neFar East uzoxhunyaniswa nezohwebo iMexico.
IManila, eyasungulwa futhi yabuswa nguLópez de Legazpi, yaba yindawo ethembele eViceroyalty yaseNew Spain ngo-1565 futhi yaba nge-Asia lokho i-Acapulco eyayiyenzela iNingizimu Melika. , ezindaweni zokuhweba lapho kwasatshalaliswa khona impahla ebaluleke kakhulu yesikhathi sayo ”.
Kusuka eNdiya, eCeylon, eCambodia, eMoluccas, eChina naseJapan, iPhilippines yagxilisa izinto ezibalulekile zezinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukahlukene kakhulu, lapho ekugcineni zafika kwaba yimakethe yaseYurophu; Kodwa-ke, amandla amakhulu omnotho we-viceroyalty enamandla yaseSpain, abelana ngezithelo zokuqala ezafika e-Acapulco nozakwabo wasePeruvia, ayishiyanga lutho kubathengi bayo abathandekayo e-Old World.
Amazwe asempumalanga aqala ukukhiqiza ulayini ophelele wezinto ezenzelwe ukuthekelisa kuphela, ngenkathi imikhiqizo yezolimo efana nelayisi, upelepele, umango ... yethulwa kancane kancane futhi yajwayeleka emikhakheni yaseMexico. Ngokulandelayo, i-Asia yathola i-cocoa, ummbila, ubhontshisi, isiliva negolide kuma-ingots, kanye nama- "pesos aqinile" aqanjwa eMint yaseMexico.
Ngenxa yeMpi Yenkululeko, ukuhweba neMpumalanga kuyeke ukwenziwa kusuka ethekwini lase-Acapulco futhi kwaguqulwa kwaba okwaseSan Blas, lapho kwakubanjelwa khona imibukiso yokugcina yokuthengiswayo evela emazweni adumile eGran Kan. Ngo-Mashi 1815, iMagallanes Galleon yahamba ngomkhumbi isuka emabhishi aseMexico ibheke eManila, ivala ngokusemthethweni iminyaka engama-250 yokuhweba olwandle olungaphazanyiswa phakathi kweNew Spain neFar East.
Amagama kaCatharina de San Juan, leyonkosazana yamaHindu eyazinza edolobheni lasePuebla, i- "China Poblana" edumile, kanye naleyo kaFelipe de las Casas, owaziwa kangcono njengoSan Felipe de Jesús, ahlanganiswa nayo kuze kube phakade. IGalleon yaseManila, iNao yaseChina noma umkhumbi kasilika.
UCarlos Romero Giordano
