Umculo wamafilimu uhlobo oluthathwa kakhulu olunikezwe inani lamaqembu woqobo emakethe. Umbuzo uthi: futhi kungani eMexico, izwe elinesiko elikhulu lomculo, kungekho ncwadi ngalo?
Umculo wamafilimu uhlobo oluthathwa kakhulu olunikezwe inani lamaqembu woqobo emakethe. Umbuzo uthi: futhi kungani eMexico, izwe elinesiko elikhulu lomculo, kungekho ncwadi ngalo?
Ngemuva kokuhlela ifilimu, umqondisi nomhleli wokuvumelanisa banikeza umqambi izikhathi eziqondile zomculo wangemuva. Lokhu kwaqoshwa ngokumelene nesikrini, okungukuthi, ukuvumelanisa nesithombe, yi-orchestra ye-symphony. Esikhathini segolide se-cinema, cishe amafilimu angama-200 enziwa ngonyaka kanti i-orchestra yayisebenza ubusuku nemini. Abaqambi abakhethekile kuleli gatsha; ngaphezu kwalokho, babeyingxenye yenyunyana yegatsha le-cinematographic. URaúl Lavista usethe amafilimu angama-360 emculweni, amanye afinyelela ku-600… Siyamazi uManuel Esperón, kodwa kukhona noSergio Guerrero no-Antonio Díaz Conde, uGustavo César Carrión, u-Enrico Cabiati, uLuis Hernández Bretón, uJorge Pérez Fernández… Abanye sebashona, abanye, njenge-maestro Esperón , balwa kanzima ngokukhohlwa, futhi uSergio Guerrero akasafuni ngisho nokuzwa umsebenzi wakhe futhi.
Ngawo-1970, abaqambi bezingoma zakudala babajoyina: uBlas Galindo, u-Eduardo Mata, uJoaquín Gutiérrez Heras noManuel Enríquez, phakathi kwabanye. Kungani-ke ukwedelelwa komphakathi kangaka ngabagqugquzeli besiko labo?
Izitudiyo zamafilimu ezibaluleke kakhulu bezihlala ziyiChurubusco Studios. Yilapha kanye lapho ngenza khona umsebenzi wokutakula nokubuyisela izinto zomsindo. Ngingathanda ukuthi le ndatshana ibe yisipho saphakade konjiniyela bomsindo omkhulu, abahleli, abaqambi, nabaculi bakudala, lapho i-cinema iyimboni yangempela. Lapho ulalele okuqoshiwe, akungabazeki ukuthi yizinkomba zomphakathi waseMexico: amaqhawe e-Revolution, ama-corridos, ama-rancheras, intsha yokuhamba, njll. Lapho i-spaghetti entshonalanga inqoba e-Italy, iMexico ayikude kakhulu: sine-chili entshonalanga, evame ukuqondiswa nguRubén Galindo futhi ihlale isethwe kumculo nguGustavo César Carrión. Isihloko, empeleni, singumoya wesibili ka-Ennio Morricone (lowo, ngasendleleni, unamafilimu amathathu aseMexico), kepha akekho ongasusa kuMaestro Carrión ubuhle bakhe besiko ekusetshenzisweni kwemarimba, umnenke wangaphambi kweSpanishi noma imidanso abomdabu.
Umculo uqoshwe kumateyipu kazibuthe wefomethi efanelekile yesikhathi, yize ngeshwa iphelelwe yisikhathi namuhla. Iningi lememori ye-audiovisual yekhulu lama-20 selizonyamalala, ngokungenakuphikwa, ngoba izisekelo azizinzile kakhulu. Akekho ozokhohlwa ingozi yezinto zesiliva ze-nitrate materials noma ukuqhuma okunganaki kweCineteca Nacional ngo-1982. Asikho isikhathi esanele, isabelomali, noma amandla okugcina amafilimu nezingoma zawo.
Ngemuva kwe-nitrate, i-acetate isetshenzisiwe. Yizo kanye lezi zinto engihlose ukuzilondoloza ngokumelene nesikhathi. Maduzane zizonyamalala ngenxa yalokho esikwaziyo njenge "viniga virus syndrome." Izinto ezithwebula izithombe nazo ziyahlushwa, kepha ngasizathu simbe ukubhujiswa kwayo kuhamba kancane. Kulezi zinsuku, lapho izisekelo zenziwa nge-polyester, kutholakale ukuthi izisekelo ziyizisulu ze-hydrolysis ebeka engcupheni zona.
Okuhambisana nale nkinga yokungazinzi kwempahla kungezwa okwokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwamafomethi. Umculo wangemuva, ngokwengxenye enkulu, uqoshwe ku-17.5 mm. Umrekhoda wokugcina wokuzala, oseChurubusco Studios, ngokuyisimangaliso wayengeyena isisulu sokuhlukaniswa ngokungafanele. Manje ngisafaka amateyipu kwidijithali, ngiseshela kulo lonke idolobha ukuthola izinto zokugcina umlando, kepha, ngasizathu simbe, izinqolobane zisakazeke kakhulu. Kuze kube namuhla ngikwazile ukuqoqa izihloko ezingaphezu kwe-1000 ngefomethi yedijithali. Yonke i-movie inokungenani okukodwa noma ezimbili zalezi zinto: umculo wangemuva, ukudlala emuva, ithrekhi yamazwe omhlaba, ukuqopha kabusha, nama-trailer. Kwesinye isikhathi kungumsebenzi oyisidina, njengoba kufanele unamathele kumateyipu, ulandelele ngomkhondo. Kepha umphumela uyesabeka. Akungabazeki ukuthi iyingxenye yamaGugu eSiko leSizwe. Kungumsebenzi wesikhathi eside kakhulu. Namuhla siyalwazi uhlelo lwedijithali, kepha eminyakeni engama-20, yiluphi uhlelo oluzosetshenziswa? Ukusuka kufomethi ephelelwe yisikhathi iye kufomethi yedijithali, ngingaqinisekisa ukuthi kungakapheli amashumi amabili eminyaka kuzokwazi ukwenza amakhophi amafilimu ngendlela efanelekile, kepha esingaziwa yikho.
Amafilimu amaningi kufanele aqale impilo entsha futhi akungabazeki ukuthi umculo wangemuva webhayisikobho waseMexico nawo ufanele ukuthatha indiza, ezimele ngesithombe, uzisebenzisele wona, njengesipho kubo bonke ababambiqhaza bezobuchwepheshe nababambe iqhaza ekwenzeni kwethu amafilimu. . Ngisebenza ngedwa ngisekelwa ngu-Estudios Churubusco noCONACULTA, ngokumelene nazo zonke izingqinamba futhi nginezinsizakusebenza ezincane; Kodwa-ke, masikhumbule ukuthi i-UNESCO icacisa ukuthi ukulondolozwa kwamafa amasiko angaphatheki kumele kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kohulumeni.
Umthombo: IMexico ngesikhathi esingu-38 Septhemba / Okthoba 2000
USibylle Hayem Laforet
