Iqoqo lamagquma elisenkabeni yesigodi sase-Oaxaca livikele elinye lamadolobha amadala kakhulu ezwenikazi laseMelika: iMonte Alban, inhlokodolobha yesiko laseZapotec kanye nesikhungo esibaluleke kakhulu kwezepolitiki nakwezomnotho esifundeni ngezikhathi zangaphambi kweSpanishi.
Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuqala zomphakathi nezenkolo, zihambisana neminye imisebenzi, efana namapalati, izikwele, izindunduma, izigodlo namathuna kwaqala cishe ngonyaka we-500 BC, yize ukuphakama kweMonte Albán kwenzeka phakathi kuka-300-600 AD. lapho idolobha lathola intuthuko ebalulekile kuzo zonke izindawo; Isibonelo salokhu kwakungokwakhiwa komkhosi, okubandakanya izisekelo ezinkulu ezinesitebhisi, okwakhiwa ngamathempeli akhiwe ngenhloso yokuhlonipha onkulunkulu bezolimo, bezenzalo, bomlilo namanzi. Okuphawuleka ekwakhiweni komphakathi yizindlu zikanokusho zohlobo lwesigodlo, ikomkhulu lezokuphatha lezicukuthwane nababusi; ngaphansi kwamagceke alezi zindawo ezivalekile amathuna amatshe akhelwe ukuphumula kwaphakade kwabakhileyo kuzo.
Bonke abanye abantu babigxile emaphethelweni ezikhala zomphakathi. Lezi zindlu zinezakhiwo ezilula ezinezisekelo zamatshe nezindonga ze-adobe. Ngaphakathi kwedolobha kungenzeka ukuthi kusungulwe izindawo ezahlukahlukene, ngokuya ngohlobo lwezakhamizi zalo, njengababumbi, abagibeli, abeluki, abathengisi, njalonjalo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi idolobha lalihlanganisa indawo engama-20 km2 futhi abantu bafinyelela kubantu abangama-40,000.
Konke kukhombisa ukuthi iMonte Albán izuze ukunwetshwa kwayo ngokunqotshwa kwamasosha, ukuthunjwa kwababusi abayizimbangi nokukhokhiswa kwentela kubantu ababengaphansi. Phakathi kwemikhiqizo eqoqwe njengentela nokunye okutholwe ngokushintshisana bekukhona ukudla okuhlukahlukene, okufana nommbila, ubhontshisi, isikwashi, ukwatapheya, upelepele nokhokho.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izinkulumo zamasiko zibonisa ukwehluka kwemisebenzi yokukhiqiza neyezobuciko. EMonte Albán, ubumba lwenziwa ukuze lusetshenziswe nsuku zonke: amapuleti, amabhodwe, izingilazi nezitsha, nezinsimbi zamatshe ezifana nemimese, amaphuzu omkhonto, namabhande we-obsidian ne-flint.
Kusobala ukuthi kwakunomehluko ocacile phakathi kwempilo yasekhaya yeningi labantu naleyo yalawo maqembu amancane ezihlakaniphi, abapristi nabelaphi, ababegxilisa ulwazi, bahumusha ikhalenda, babikezela izehlakalo zasezulwini futhi belapha abagulayo. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe izikhumbuzo, kwakhiwa amathempeli namatshe, futhi baqondisa nemikhosi futhi basebenza njengabalamuli phakathi kwabantu nabonkulunkulu.
Cishe ngonyaka ka 700 AD ukwehla kwedolobha kwaqala; imisebenzi yokwakha emikhulu yanqamuka, ngenkathi kwehla ukuncipha okukhulu kwabantu; izindawo eziningi zokuhlala zashiywa; kanti ezinye zazibiyelwe ukuze kuvinjelwe amabutho ahlaselayo ukuba angene. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukwehla kwedolobha kungenxa yokuphela kwemithombo yemvelo, noma mhlawumbe umzabalazo wamaqembu angaphakathi wamandla. Imininingwane ethile iphakamisa ukuketulwa kwabaholi ngezigaba zomphakathi ezingathandwa kangako kunikezwe isilinganiso sobala sokungalingani obekukhona kanye nokuntuleka kwamathuba okuthola izimpahla zabathengi.
Idolobha laseZapotec lahlala lingenamuntu amakhulu amaningi eminyaka, kepha cishe ngonyaka we-1200 AD, noma mhlawumbe ikhulu leminyaka ngaphambili, amaMixtec, aqhamuka ezintabeni ezisenyakatho, aqala ukungcwaba abafileyo bawo emathuneni aseMonte Albán; amaMixtec aletha namasiko amasha angabonakala ngezitayela zokwakha; Baphinde basebenza ngensimbi, benza izincwadi ezipendiwe zohlobo lwe-codex, futhi bethula izinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukahlukene namasu ahlukahlukene okwenza izingcezu ze-ceramic, igobolondo, i-alabaster namathambo.
Isibonelo esisobala kakhulu salezi zinguquko zamasiko simelwe yingcebo eyingqayizivele, yokwenziwa okucacile kweMixtec, eyatholakala eTomb 7, eyatholakala ngo-1932. Kodwa-ke, idolobha elikhulu elalakhiwe esiqongweni sentaba lalingenakubuthola ubukhazikhazi balo, njengoba ufakazi oyisimungulu ngobukhulu bamadlozi ahlala kula mazwe
