Njengamanje ipulazi laseSan José del Carmen lonakele ngandlela thile ngenxa yokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa ubukhulu balo nobukhazikhazi bokwakhiwa kwalo kukhombisa ukuthi ngesikhathi salo lalingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu esifundeni.
Njengamanje ipulazi laseSan José del Carmen lonakele ngandlela thile ngenxa yokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa ubukhulu balo nobukhazikhazi bokwakhiwa kwalo kukhombisa ukuthi ngesikhathi salo lalingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu esifundeni.
Omunye wabomasipala abadala kunabo bonke esifundazweni saseGuanajuato ngokungangabazeki iSalvatierra (bheka i-Unknown Mexico No. 263), futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu iyinhlangano enezikhumbuzo zomlando ezingenakubalwa, phakathi kwazo kunezindawo eziningana ezigqamile, njengeHuatzindeo , eyaseSan Nicolás de los Agustinos, eyaseSánchez, eyaseGuadalupe neyeSan José del Carmen. Lesi sakamuva yiso esizokhuluma ngaso manje.
ISan José del Carmen yazalwa njengama-haciendas amaningi aseMexico: ngemuva kokuqoqwa kwezibonelelo zomhlaba eziningana ezinikezwe yiCrown Crown kubahlali bokuqala bensimu entsha.
Kuthiwa ngo-Agasti 1, 1648, ama-friars e-oda laseKarmeli, ahlala endaweni manje eyiSalvatierra, athola umusa weziza ezimbili: enye yelikalika kanti enye idiphozi yenkwali, lokhu kwenziwa nge inhloso yabezenkolo ukukhulisa isakhiwo esiyinkohliso esasakhiwa kulawo mazwe. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ngoMeyi 1650, lezi zindela zaseKarmeli zathatha ama-caballerias amane omhlaba (cishe amahektha ayi-168) ngaphambi nje kwendawo yesikali sikalamula nomfula iTarimoro; kamuva, kwamukelwa indawo engamahektha angama-1 755, okwakungezenkomo ezinkulu. Ngo-Okthoba 1658 banikezwa esinye isiza namanye ama-caballerias amathathu.
Njengokungathi lokhu kwakunganele, ngo-1660 ama-friars athenga ama-caballerias ayishumi nanhlanu ku-Doña Josefa de Bocanegra. Ngawo wonke la mazwe, kwakhiwa ifa leSan José del Carmen.
Ngaphandle kokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi kungani, ngo-1664 abaseKarmeli banquma ukuthengisa ipulazi kuDon Nicolás Botello ngamarandi angu-14 000. Ngesikhathi sokwenza lokhu kuthengiselana, i-hacienda yayivele inwebele emfuleni iTarimoro, ngasenyakatho; entshonalanga nezindawo zikaFrancisco Cedeño, naseningizimu nomgwaqo wakudala oya eCelaya.
Ekushoneni kukaDon Nicolás (owayephethe ukwenza impahla ikhule nangaphezulu) ifa latholwa yizingane zakhe, kepha njengoba babenezikweletu ezinkulu esigodlweni seCarmen de Salvatierra, banquma ukuthengisa ifa futhi kuma-friars. Inkontileka yokuthengisa yenziwa ngoNovemba 24, 1729, phakathi kwesiphathimandla uMiguel García Botello kanye nesigodlo esishiwo. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-hacienda yayivele inama-caballerias angama-30 okutshala nezindawo eziyisithupha zezinkomo ezinkulu.
Kuze kwaba unyaka ka-1856, lapho kuqala ukusebenza komthetho wezimpahla, umyalelo waseKarmeli wawuphethe iSan José del Carmen, ngemuva kwalowo nyaka impahla yaba impahla yesizwe futhi umkhiqizo wayo wehla kakhulu.
Ngo-1857 leli pulazi lafakwa endalini livuna uMaximino Terreros noMnuz M. Zamudio, kodwa njengoba bengakwazanga ukuyikhokha yonke imali, ngoDisemba 1860 le ndawo yaphinde yathengwa endalini. Ngalesi sikhathi itholwe nguManuel Godoy, oyigcina kuyena iminyaka eyi-12. Ngo-Agasti 1872, uGodoy wathengisa i-hacienda kumuntu othile waseFrance uFrancisco Llamosa, owavuna isizumbulu semali ngokuyalela iqembu lamasela elizulazula eCerro del Culiacán futhi elalaziwa ngokuthi "Los Buches Amarillos."
Ngesikhathi sePorfiriato, iSan José del Carmen yahlanganiswa njengelinye lamapulazi akhiqiza kakhulu esifundeni. Ngemuva kuka-1910, iningi lamasimu we-hacienda ayeka ukulinywa ngohlelo "lwabasebenzi bezinsuku" futhi aqala ukuxhashazwa "ngabathengisi bamasheya".
ISan José del Carmen hacienda, nenhlangano yamavukelambuso nemiphumela yayo ekusatshalalisweni komhlaba, yeka ukuba yifa elikhulu elingaphezu kwamahektha ayi-12,273 okumele lisatshalaliswe ikakhulu phakathi kwababekade beyizisebenzi kanye nabasebenzi.
Njengamanje, "indlu enkulu", isonto, ezinye izinqolobane kanye nocingo lwe-perimeter olulinganisile ligcinwe endaweni yaseSan José del Carmen. Ngaphandle kokuthi umnikazi wayo wamanje, uMnu. Ernesto Rosas, ukunakekele ukuyigcina, bekucishe kube nzima ukuyivimba ukuthi ingabi bikho.
Ngaphandle kokuthi uDon Ernesto nomndeni wakhe behlala befika kule ndawo ngezimpelasonto, bayisizile ukuze eminye imicimbi yokubaluleka kombuso yenzeke lapho.
Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi yize i-hacienda ingavulelekile emphakathini jikelele, uma ukhuluma nomnikazi futhi uchaze isizathu sokuvakasha kwethu, kuvumela ukufinyelela ukuze sikwazi ukuthola ithuba lokubheka ifenisha yesikhathi, njengezitofu zensimbi. "amafriji" aqanjiwe nokhuni, phakathi kwabanye.
IMISEBENZI
Edolobheni laseSalvatierra kuyenzeka kutholakale zonke izinsizakalo izivakashi ezingazidinga, njengendawo yokuhlala, izindawo zokudlela, ucingo, i-inthanethi, izithuthi zomphakathi, njalonjalo.
UMA UYA ESAN JOSÉ DEL CARMEN
Ukushiya iCelaya, thatha umgwaqo omkhulu wesifundazwe no. 51 futhi ngemuva kokuhamba amakhilomitha angama-37 uzofika edolobheni laseSalvatierra. Ukusuka lapha, thatha umgwaqo omkhulu oya eCortázar bese kuthi nje u-9 km uthole ipulazi laseSan José del Carmen.
Umthombo: UMexico ongaziwa uNombolo 296 / Okthoba 2001
