Kusukela emvelweni wayo, umuntu wasibona isidingo sokuphinda abone umhlaba; ngenxa yalesi sizathu wayemelela imvelo yakhe ezindongeni ezinkulu zamadwala emihumeni noma ngaphandle, futhi waziveza ngokuqoshwa kwamatshe okulula
Lokhu kubonakaliswa kobuciko, imidwebo yomhume kanye nezithombe zamatshe, ngaphezu kokwenza umlando wokuqala wamasiko, ungomunye wemithombo ebaluleke kakhulu yolwazi yokwazi imiphakathi esingenalo irekhodi elibhaliwe ngayo.
EMesoamerica, kutholakale ubuncane bezithombe ze-anthropomorphic ezitholwe ngobumba esikhathini sokuQamba (2 300 BC-100 AD), ikakhulukazi enkabeni yeMexico. Lesi sikhathi sihlanganisa ukulandelana okude ochwepheshe abakuhlukanise kwaba kweLower, Middle kanye ne-Upper, ngenxa yezici zamasiko ezivela kuzo. Yize izingcezu zabo bobabili ubulili zitholakele, iningi lazo liqhakambisa umusa nobumnandi bomzimba wesifazane; Ngenxa yokuthi zitholakale emasimini atshaliwe, izazi ziye zazihlobanisa nenala yomhlaba.
Kuze kube manje, isiqeshana esidala kunazo zonke esiseMesoamerica (2300 BC), esatholwa esiqhingini saseTlapacoya, eZohapilco, eLake Chalco, naso singowesifazane, esakheke okomphimbo oyindilinga kanye nesisu esiqhumayo kancane; Njengoba ingalethi noma yikuphi ukugqoka noma ukuhlobisa, zigqamisa ngokusobala izici zazo zocansi.
Izithombe ezibunjiwe ezinezici zabantu ezitholakele, zihlelwe ukuze zifundwe ngale ndlela elandelayo: ngenqubo yazo yokukhiqiza, uhlobo lwazo lokuhlobisa, unamathisele okwenziwe ngalo, izici zobuso nokuma komzimba, idatha okudingekayo ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kokuqhathanisa kwesikhathi nobudlelwano baso namanye amasiko afanayo.
Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi lezi zithombe, yize ziyingxenye yenkolelo-ze, zikhombisa izici ezihluke kakhulu ukuthi zingathathwa njengemisebenzi yobuciko yangempela. Kulaba "besifazane abahle", njengoba baziwa kanjalo, owesifazane othanda ukugqama uvela okhalweni oluncane, okhalweni olubanzi, imilenze emikhulu kanye nezici ezinhle kakhulu, zonke lezi zici zephethini yakhe yobuhle. Izingcezu zesifazane ngokuvamile zihamba ze; abanye baneziketi zensimbi noma amabhulukwe okungenzeka enziwe ngembewu, kepha ngaso sonke isikhathi kuvele isidumbu. Uma kukhulunywa ngezinwele, kunhlobonhlobo enkulu ebonwayo: ingafaka iminsalo, amakhanda ekhanda ngisho nama-turbans.
Emifanekisweni yobumba ngeke kwaziswe uma abantu bevame ukuzidweba noma bazilolonge; kodwa-ke, akukho mbuzo wokuthi ukudweba ubuso nobuso bekungahlukaniswa nokuzilungisa kwakhe. Ubuso nomzimba wakhe bekuhlotshiswe ngamabhande nolayini abamhlophe, abaphuzi, ababomvu nabamnyama. Abesifazane bapende amathanga abo ngemiklamo yejiyomethri, imibuthano egxilile, nezindawo eziyizikwele; Futhi babenomkhuba wokupenda lonke uhlangothi lomzimba, beshiya olunye lungahlobisiwe, njengokuqhathanisa okungokomfanekiso. Lezi zidumbu emcimbini zikhombisa ukunyakaza okuboniswa ngendlela ekhululekile kunazo zonke kubadansi, abamele umusa, ubuhle nobumnandi besici sabesifazane.
Ngokungangabazeki, le mikhuba yayixhunyaniswe nemikhosi yamasiko yokuhlonishwa kwezimo zemvelo, lapho umculo nokudansa kwakudlala indima ephambili, futhi kwakuwukubonakaliswa kokuqanjwa kwabo komhlaba.
Yize ngesilinganiso esincane, umfanekiso wesilisa nawo wawusebenza, cishe njalo nge-maxtlatl noma i-truss futhi kwezinye izikhathi ngezingubo ezicwebezelayo, kepha bekungajwayele ukumelwa nqunu. Siyazi ngokusetshenziswa kwemicu ethile ekwakheni izingubo zabo, futhi siyazi futhi ukuthi yayihlotshiswe ngemiklamo nezitembu ezinhle ngemibala ehlukene; Ngokufanayo, kungenzeka ukuthi basebenzise izikhumba zezilwane ezahlukahlukene ukuzimboza. Ukuba khona kwalezi zingcezu kube yinto ebalulekile yokuthola ukuthi ushintsho enhlanganweni yezenhlalo lwangaleso sikhathi lwenzeka kanjani, ngoba abalingiswa besilisa bathola ukubaluleka okukhulu emasikweni omphakathi; okuyisibonelo salokhu ngamanga, amadoda azi izimfihlo zokwelapha ngamakhambi nemithi, amandla awo abelala ekuxhumaneni kwawo phakathi komuntu namandla angaphezu kwawemvelo. Laba bantu babengamele imikhosi yomphakathi futhi kwesinye isikhathi babegqoka izifihla-buso ezinezimpawu ze-totem ukufaka ukwesaba negunya, ngoba babekwazi ukukhuluma nomoya ababewumele futhi bathole amandla nobuntu babo ngesifihla-buso.
Izithombe ezinobuso obufihliwe ezitholakele zinhle kakhulu, futhi isibonelo esithandekayo yileso esigqoka imaski ye-opossum, isilwane esinokubaluleka okukhulu kwezenkolo. Izethulo zabaphikisi zivamile; kugqamisa isibalo esihle kakhulu se-acrobat esenziwe nge-kaolin, ubumba oluhle kakhulu olumhlophe, olusendaweni yaseTlatilco emngcwabeni okungenzeka ukuthi ungoweshaman. Abanye abalingiswa okufanele baphawulwe ngabaculi, abahlukaniswa ngezinsimbi zabo: izigubhu, imisindo, amakhwela nemitshingo, kanye nabantu abanemizimba nobuso obukhubazekile. Ubuningi, indikimba evelayo ngalesi sikhathi, umsuka wayo ongahle utholakale kumqondo wokuphila noma wokufa noma ku-dimorphism yezocansi, ubonakaliswa ngezibalo ezinamakhanda amabili noma ubuso obunamehlo amathathu. Abadlali bebhola bakhonjwa ngezinqe zabo zobuso, zobuso nezandla, futhi ngoba baphethe ibhola elincane lobumba. Ukuhlobisa umzimba kufinyelela ekuvezeni kwawo okuphelele ngokuhlanekezelwa kwe-cranial ngamabomu - uphawu hhayi lobuhle kuphela kodwa lwesimo - nokunqunywa kwamazinyo. Ukuguqulwa kwe-cranial kwavela ezikhathini zangaphambi kobumba. futhi wawenziwa kuwo wonke amalungu omphakathi. Kusukela emasontweni okuqala ezelwe, lapho amathambo ebumba, ingane ibibekwa engxenyeni eqondile yezingcezu zekhanda ezicindezele ugebhezi lwayo, ngenhloso yokuyimisa kabusha. Ingane yahlala injalo iminyaka eminingana kuze kutholakale izinga elifunekayo lokuguqulwa.
Kuye kwabuzwa ukuthi i-cranial deformation ibonakala ezithombeni, ngenxa yokuthi izingcezu zazilingiswa ngesandla; Kodwa-ke, lo mkhuba wamasiko uyabonakala ebufakazini bezinsalela eziningi zamathambo ezitholwe ekumbeni, lapho lokhu kuguqulwa kuyaziswa. Enye imininingwane ebalulekile kulezi zingcezu yizindlebe, izindandatho zempumulo, imigexo, ama-pectorals namasongo njengengxenye yobuhle bawo. Lesi sici samasiko aseMesoamerican singabonakala nasemangcwabeni, ngoba lezi zinto zomuntu siqu zazibekwa kwabafileyo.
Ngama-figurines kuye kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthi ufunde kabanzi ngobudlelwano phakathi kwesiko elithile nenye, ngokwesibonelo, ithonya lomhlaba wase-Olmec kuwo wonke amasiko aseMesoamerican, ngokuyisisekelo ngokushintshana ngamasiko, okuqina phakathi ne-Middle Formative (1200-600 BC).
Ngokushintshwa kwenhlangano yezenhlalo kuya emphakathini ohlukaniswe ngokwengeziwe - lapho kukhulunywa khona ngokukhethekile komsebenzi futhi kuvela isigaba sobupristi - nokusungulwa kwesikhungo semikhosi njengendawo yokushintshisana ngemibono nemikhiqizo, incazelo yezithombe nayo yaguqulwa. nokukhiqizwa kwayo. Lokhu kwenzeke ngasekupheleni kwesikhathi sokwakheka (600 BC-AD 100), futhi kwabonakaliswa kokubili kunqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yobuciko yezithombe ezincane, ezathathelwa indawo yizicucu eziqinile ngaphandle komusa wezici zangaphambilini. .
