Ekuqaleni kwawo-1950 uDon Tomás Espresate noDon Eduardo Naval, abanikazi beMadero Bookstore, babenze umshini wokunyathelisa omncane eZona Rosa, lapho uJosé Azorín nabafowabo uJordí noFrancisco Espresate basebenza khona. Kamuva, okunye ukukhula kwemishini nempahla yabantu kwawaholela ku-Avena Street endaweni yase-Iztapalapa, lapho iMadero Printing Company yaqhubeka futhi yaqeda umjikelezo wayo wempilo ngo-1998.
Eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha, uVicente Rojo, umqondisi wobuciko womshini wokunyathelisa - ngokuxhaswa ngabasebenzi abasebasha--, wazama ukukhathazeka kwakhe kwezobuciko kuma-vignette, ozimele, amapuleti nokuqoshwa kwensimbi. Leli qembu linesibopho sencwadi yokuqala eyenziwe ngokukhethwa kombala, okwenziwe ezingcwecweni zensimbi, kuRemedios Varo, bekuyinto eyandulela isikhathi sayo. Ukusesha okunjalo kuveze ulimi lokutholwa komklamo weqiniso wemidwebo; izikole zabaqambi bemidwebo nemisebenzi kwakungabonakali ezweni lethu.
Njengesibonelo sokungenhla singabona ukuthi umehluko omkhulu wawusetshenziswa kwifilimu yezithombe ngaphambi kokuba le nqubo ibe semkhakheni wezohwebo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni kwemibala “eshanela” ekuphrintweni kwamaphosta kwaba ngenye yeminikelo yezobuchwepheshe, ukufezekisa ukutakula isiko lokulwa nezikhangiso zesibhakela, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezikrini ezinwetshiwe zezithombe neziphakamiso njengolimi ukuveza ukwakheka kwezithombe.
Ngeminyaka yamashumi ayisikhombisa, iqembu labantu abasha laqala ukujoyina umsebenzi wokuklanywa komshini wokunyathelisa, njalo uqondiswa nguVicente Rojo futhi enombono we "workshop", lapho umsebenzi ngamunye wawuyingxenye yeqembu. Ukushintshaniswa kokuhlangenwe nakho futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukuxazulula izinkinga ndawonye kwaveza isitayela esisha.
Abaqambi abanjengo-Adolfo Falcón, uRafael López Castro, uBernardo Recamier, uGermán Montalvo, u-Efraín Herrera, uPeggy Espinoza, u-Azul Morris, uMaría Figueroa, u-Alberto Aguilar, uPablo Rulfo, uRogelio Rangel, umbhali walo mbhalo nabanye abanye, sifeza umsebenzi wethu ekuphrinteni ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele njengabaqambi bezithombe abangochwepheshe. Lo msebenzi obumbene, ngokuhlangana nezinkinga zokukhiqiza nangaphansi kokuqondisa kokudala, uholele iqembu elikhulu labaphrinta nabadizayinele ukumaka isigaba sokwenza imidwebo ezweni lethu, ukuphrinta isitembu, isitayela kokushicilelwa namaphosta, ukudala - ngaphandle kokukuphakamisa - ubunikazi obubonakalayo beqembu leMadero.
Ngawo-1990s, lapho iqembu iMadero Group selichithakele cishe, ukugubha iCentennial of Cinema kwashukumisela ukuba sisebenze njengeqembu futhi sizame ukuhlenga uhlobo lomsebenzi ohlangene. Sihlangane neqembu labasiki bengqephu, abangani nabantu esibajwayele, esiliqambe igama lokuthi uSalón Rojo, ukuhlonipha uVicente Rojo, ukwakha iphrojekthi lapho ukubamba iqhaza bekungathandeki futhi lapho umuntu ngamunye axhase iphrojekthi yakhe kuze kube sekugcineni, kufaka phakathi, uma kunesidingo, izindleko zokuphrinta. Ukwamukela ukugxekwa okwakhayo engxoxweni phakathi kwabachwepheshe nokwenza imibono ngezinqubo zokudala kanye neziphakamiso zemibono yemisebenzi yethu, kucatshangelwa umsebenzi uqobo hhayi igama lomklami, kwacebisa kakhulu lowo nalowo mbono, ngalokho ukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, ukuqondana nokuvumelana kufinyelelwe. Ingqikithi bekungukukhunjulwa kwekhulu lokuqala lomunye wemicimbi yamasiko ebaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wanamuhla: cinema. Ifomu, iphosta elenzelwe umhlanganyeli ngamunye elizophrintwa ngesikrini ngoba bekuwukugijima okufushane kakhulu, okunama-inki amane. Kwaxoxwa ngosayizi wokugcina futhi kwavunyelwana ngokuthi kusetshenziswe amakhulu kakhulu (70 x 100 cm). Isimemo sidluliselwe kochwepheshe abangama-23 ababenesifiso sokubamba iqhaza ngaphansi kwale mibandela engenhla.
Zonke izimenywa zazihambele umhlangano wokuqala wolwazi nemimoya evuthayo nokwamukela okukhulu nentshisekelo ekusebenzeni ngamaqembu. Emhlanganweni wesibili, lapho sibuyekeza amapulani, sakucasukela ukungabikho kokuqala; ukuhlaziywa kwezinto kwakushubile, kuqinile futhi kubushelelezi; imibono akuzange kuvezwe futhi iziphakamiso bekungukungena kwangempela; ubukhulu bokugxekwa balahleka futhi amamodeli athile abekwa, ngaphandle kwenhloso noma ulaka.
Emhlanganweni wesithathu, leli qembu lancishiswa laba ngamalungu ayi-18, aqhubeka nokusebenzisana ndawonye kwaze kwaphela umsebenzi. Kulesi sigaba, ukugxeka okuqinile, okucacile, okwakhayo nokuzuzisayo kwaqala ukugeleza, nemigoqo yokwesaba umbono ovulekile nokwamukelwa okuthembekile kwehlisiwe. Sikwazile ukuxoxa ngemigomo futhi salungisa inkambo, lapho sifeze ngayo umsebenzi omuhle ohlangene, ophakamisa ushintsho esakhiweni somsebenzi wabaklami: ukukhiqiza ngokwabo kanye nomfutho, ngaphandle kokuzibophezela kwangaphandle kwangaphambili obekuzomelela ukuphepha kotshalomali. yesikhathi nokusebenza. Sibheka ukuthi lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala, ukuphayona emlandweni wesiyalo sethu eMexico, kube yinzuzo kakhulu kubo bonke ababambiqhaza, kusifundise ukulalela nokuveza, ukulungisa nokulahla imibono, ukwenza amaphrojekthi obekuzoba nzima ukuwasebenzisa wedwa ukuvuthwa.
Amanye amaphrojekthi amabili bekufanele athuthukiswe futhi akhiqizwe. Esokuqala ukucubungulwa kwe-Acteal lapho kukhunjulwa isikhumbuzo sokuqala sokubulawa kwabantu, okwesibili ukukhunjulwa kwenhlangano yango-1968, ukutakulwa kwezilimi ezicacile ukuze zikwazi ukuqhathanisa imibono eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu kude. Le misebenzi yokugcina ibingasenziwa ngabahlanganyeli bokuqala abayi-18, ngakho isihloko sikaSalón Rojo sabhaliswa kuphela kuphrojekthi yabo yokuqala neyodwa.
Amanye ama-salon azobona ukukhanya kusuka kulokhu okuhlangenwe nakho futhi abaklami abaningi kuzofanela benze i-adventure yokusebenza njengeqembu, ukwenza lokho kuyanothisa.
Umthombo: IMexico ngesikhathi esingu-32 Septhemba / Okthoba 1999
