Ngesikhathi sokuhlola okuningi ngomhlaba, ulwandle nomoya esikwenze endaweni yasendle yaseBaja California, sathi kufanele sikhuphukele eziqongweni eziphakeme kakhulu zenhlonhlo.
Ngakho-ke, iziqongo zokuqala esazinqoba kwakuyiziqongo zeSierra de la Laguna, esifundeni saseLos Cabos, futhi inhloso yethu elandelayo kwaba intaba-mlilo enkulu iTres Vírgenes, enyakatho yeBaja California Sur. ELa Paz senze wonke amalungiselelo ohambo, futhi ngokulandela umgwaqo omkhulu ongunombolo 1 ohambisana neGulf of California sifike edolobheni elidala nelinhle lasezimayini laseSanta Rosalía, elisogwini lweGulf futhi ngaphansi kwentaba-mlilo enkulu engu-1,900. msnm, umqaphi wakho waphakade.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlola okuningi ngomhlaba, ulwandle nomoya esikwenze endaweni yasendle yaseBaja California, sathi kufanele sikhuphukele eziqongweni eziphakeme kakhulu zenhlonhlo. Ngakho-ke, iziqongo zokuqala esazinqoba kwakuyiziqongo zeSierra de la Laguna, esifundeni saseLos Cabos, futhi inhloso yethu elandelayo kwaba intaba-mlilo enkulu iTres Vírgenes, enyakatho yeBaja California Sur. ELa Paz senze wonke amalungiselelo ohambo, futhi silandela umgwaqo omkhulu ongunombolo 1 ohambisana neGulf of California, safika edolobhaneni elidala futhi elihle lokumba izimayini laseSanta Rosalía, elisogwini lweGulf futhi phansi kwentaba-mlilo enkulu eyi-1,900. msnm, umqaphi wakho waphakade.
ISanta Rosalía, eyaziwa futhi phakathi kwabantu bendawo njenge- “Cahanilla”, yidolobha elidala elinezitayela zaseFrance. Eminyakeni eyedlule, leli dolobha lalichuma kunayo yonke inhlonhlo, kunikezwe izinsalela zethusi ezicebile ezazitholakala ezintabeni ezizungezile, lapho amaminerali ayephezu komhlaba emabhola amakhulu abizwa ngokuthi "boleos". Ukuxhashazwa lokhu kwenziwa yinkampani yaseFrance i-El Boleo Mining Company, ehambisana nendlu yaseRothschild.
AbaseFrance bakha izindlu zabo ezinhle zamapulangwe, izitolo zabo nebhikawozi (okusasebenza nanamuhla), futhi baletha nesonto, elaseSanta Barbara, elalakhiwe ngumbhali u-Eiffel. Ubukhazikhazi nengcebo yaleli dolobha yaphela ngo-1953, lapho amadiphozi eseqediwe, kepha iSanta Rosalía isekhona, ogwini loLwandle iBermejo, njengemyuziyamu enkulu evulekile evikela ukunambitheka kwayo nomoya wendlela yaseFrance emigwaqweni nasezakhiweni zayo. .
INDAWO YAMAVOLCANIC YAMATOMBI AMATHATHU
Indawo eyintabamlilo yakhiwa intaba-mlilo iTres Vírgenes, intaba-mlilo i-Azufre kanye neViejo volcano, konke okuyingxenye ye-El Vizcaíno Desert Biosphere Reserve (amahektha angama-261,757.6). Lesi sifunda sibaluleke kakhulu kwezemvelo nakwezokuma komhlaba, ngoba siyindawo yokuhlala izinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini, ezihlukile emhlabeni, njenge-cirio, i-datilillo kanye nezimvu ezinkulu, futhi ngoba ingumthombo obalulekile wamandla we-geothermal okhiqizwa emathunjini kusuka phansi, izinkulungwane zamamitha ukujula. Njengamanje, iFederal Electricity Commission ithuthukisa iphrojekthi ethakazelisa kakhulu yokusebenzisa amandla okushisa komhlaba kuTres Vírgenes volcano.
ICIMARRÓN BORREGO
Enye iphrojekthi ethokozisayo ngokulinganayo ebaluleke kakhulu emvelweni ukuvikela nokongiwa kwezimvu ezinkulu, okwenziwa ngokuqapha abantu, ngokubheka imijikelezo yabo yokuzala nokwenza izibalo ezivela emoyeni; Kepha okubaluleke kakhulu kunakho konke lokhu wukuqapha abazingeli abangekho emthethweni.
Isibalo samanje sezimvu ezinkulu kule ndawo silinganiselwa kubantu abayi-100.
Ngesikhathi sivakashela izintaba-mlilo saba nethuba lokubona umhlambi wezimvu ezinkulu eziqongweni zentaba-mlilo i-Azufre. Njengamanje indawo esatshalaliswa kuyo ilingana no-30% walowo owawaziwa ngokomlando ngenxa yezitha zawo ezimbili ezimbi kakhulu: abazingeli abangekho emthethweni kanye nokuguqulwa kwendawo yawo yokuhlala.
NGASEKUVOLENI
Siqhubeka namalungiselelo ethu, saya esiteshini sebhayoloji sesiqiwi ukuze siyokucela ukugunyazwa ukukhuphuka intaba-mlilo, kwathi lapho yonke imishini isikhona, saqala ukuhamba ehlane ngaphansi kwelanga elingapheli. Ukuzivikela kukho, sigoqa izindwangu zethu emakhanda ethu, isitayela se-Arabia. Ama-Turbans ayisivikelo esihle kakhulu elangeni, ngoba aba manzi ngomjuluko, futhi ayaphola futhi avikele ikhanda, ngaleyo ndlela agweme ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
Intaba-mlilo iThree Virgins ayijwayele ukuvakashelwa, iheha kuphela labo abangabathandi bokuzijabulisa nokuhlola, njengososayensi, abazingeli nabahamba ngezinyawo. Umbono Wezintombi Ezintathu ezisuka ezansi kwayo uyamangalisa, njengakwenye iplanethi; imithambeka yalo evuthayo, eyakhiwe ngamatshe amnyama wentaba-mlilo, yasenza sacabanga ngokuthi ukukhuphuka kwakuyoba nzima kanjani nokuthi hlobo luni lwempilo olungahlala kuleyo ndawo eyomile nenenkangala.
Awukho umlando oqondile wokuthi ngubani owaqala ukunyuka intaba-mlilo. Ngo-1870, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezimayini okwenziwa yinkampani yaseFrance, umJalimane ogama lakhe linguHeldt wafinyelela phezulu, futhi ngemuva kwalokho abantu abaningana bakhuphuka ngenhloso yokuhamba izintaba, njengabapristi bendawo yethempeli laseSanta Bárbara, e USanta Rosalía, owabeka iziphambano phezulu.
Igama leZintombi Ezintathu kungenxa yokuthi iziqongo zalo ezintathu zakha isifunda esingangeneki, esingahlolwa kancane, esikude futhi esintombi nto, lapho isigqi semvelo seminyaka eyizinkulungwane siqhubeka khona, esaqala eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-250 eyedlule.
Ukuqhuma okunamandla kokugcina, lapho kwaphonsa khona udaka namatshe, kwabikwa ngoFata Consag noRodríguez ngoMeyi-Juni 1746; ngo-1857 intaba-mlilo yakhipha intuthu enkulu.
Esigabeni sokuqala sohambo lwethu, sidlula emahlathini aminyene egatsha elimhlophe, ama-torotes, izihlahla ze-mesquite, ama-chollas, ama-cardones kanye nezihlahla zezindlovu ezihehayo izimpande zazo ezisontekile ezinamathela emadwaleni amakhulu wentaba-mlilo. Izimila zivaliwe kakhulu lapho, azikho izindlela noma izindlela ezimakiwe, futhi kufanele uthuthuke phakathi kwe-chollas, okuthi lapho kuthintwa okuncane kulenga ezingutsheni zethu, nameva abo aqinile futhi acijile njengama-harpoon afakwa ezingalweni zethu futhi imilenze; ameva athile akwazi ukungena ebhuthini futhi aba wuhlupho lwangempela.
Umzila ofinyeleleka kakhulu utholakala phakathi kwentaba-mlilo i-Three Virgins ne-Azufre volcano. Njengoba siqhubekela phambili singena ezweni elimnandi "lezihlahla zemvelo engajwayelekile", njengoba kuchazwe ngumfundisi wamaJesuit uMiguel del Barco (umbhali wencwadi ethi Natural History and Chronicle of Antigua California), owamangala amafomu angenalwazi ugwadule, olwakhiwe ngama-biznagas, ama-cacti amakhulu, izihlahla zezindlovu, ama-yucca, amakhandlela, njalonjalo.
Into enhle kakhulu futhi ethokozisayo ngalesi sifunda ilele endaweni yayo emangelengele, lapho ukuphakama kwehluka kakhulu khona, kusuka ezingeni lolwandle kuya cishe ku-2 000 m engqungqutheleni yeZintombi Ezintathu; Ububanzi obuhlukahlukene bokuphakama busivumele ukuthi sibheke izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimila ezihlala kule ntaba-mlilo. Ngemuva kokuwela indawo yokukhuhla sithola ihlathi elithandekayo nelingavamile lamakhandlela.
AMAKHANDLELA
Ikhandlela lingesinye sezitshalo eziyivelakancane futhi eziyinqaba emhlabeni. Kuyisibonelo esiphelele sokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokusinda emvelweni; Ikhula ezifundeni ezinobutha kakhulu ogwadule, lapho amazinga okushisa ehluka kusuka ku-0ºC kuye ku-40ºC, ngemvula encane kakhulu noma engekho nhlobo.
Ukukhula kwakhe kuhamba kancane; ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele bakhula ngo-3.7 cm ngonyaka, kubathatha iminyaka engama-27 ukufinyelela imitha elilodwa ukuphakama. Ezimweni ezingavumi kangako badinga iminyaka engama-40 ukukhula imitha elilodwa, 2.6 cm ngonyaka. Amakhandlela amade kakhulu futhi amadala kakhulu atholakele afinyelela ku-18 m ukuphakama kanye neminyaka elinganiselwa eminyakeni engama-360.
UKUNQOBA KWE-LANDSCAPE
Isimo sendawo yentaba-mlilo esimangelengele nesimangeleyo asizange siyeke ukusimangaza. Ngemuva kokuwela ihlathi eliyiphunga lamakhandlela, sakhuphukela egqumeni, phakathi kweZintombi Ezintathu neSulphur, lapho indawo yaba isigaxa esikhulu nesimnyama, esihlala amanye ama-cacti, ama-magueys nama-yucca abambelele endleleni ngendlela ethile. Kuyesabeka. Ukukhuphuka kwethu kwehliswe ukungazinzi kwendawo.
Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa sigxuma sisuka edwaleni siye edwaleni, sakhuphukela ekugcineni kwendawo enamadwala, lapho sabhekana nesinye isithiyo esinzima ngokulinganayo: ihlathi elijiyile lama-oki amafushane nezintende ezinkulu ze-sotol (uNolina beldingii). Kule ngxenye uhlaza lwalunameva amancane, kepha luvaliwe njengamahlathi asezindaweni eziphansi. Kwezinye izingxenye sasihamba ezihlahleni ezimfishane ze-oki kanti kwezinye zazisimboza ngokuphelele, zisiphazamise futhi zisenze sazungeza ngamamitha wokugcina enyuka (futhi besicabanga ukuthi kunamadwala kuphela lapha phezulu). Ekugcineni, ngemuva kokuhamba kanzima kanzima ngamahora ayishumi nambili safika engqungqutheleni ebhalwe isiphambano esibhalwe ngokugqamile esingaphansi kwesundu elikhulu le-sotol.
Sivala ukuphela kosuku lwethu ngokucabanga ngokushona kwelanga okuhle kakhulu emhlabeni, kusuka ku-1 951 m kusuka kolunye uphahla lwenhlonhlo yaseBaja California. Kwakungathi intaba-mlilo iphinde yasha futhi, indawo ebhalwe ngopende yathoni efudumele ephuzi, ewolintshi kanye nomlilo obomvu. Buqamama, imisebe yokugcina yelanga ikhanyise isiqiwu esikhulu i-El Vizcaíno; emkhathizwe wawungabona amachibi aseSan Ignacio nase-Ojo de Liebre eGuerrero Negro, izindawo ezingokhokho bomkhomo ompunga eMexico Pacific. Emazweni asenhlonhlweni amathafa amakhulu futhi angenamkhawulo anwetshiwe, ikhaya le-pronghorn, elinamandla amakhulu aphulwa iziqongo ezihlaba umxhwele zaseSanta Clara. Eduze nentaba-mlilo kwakuyimigodi ejulile namathafa aseSierra de San Francisco naseSanta Martha, zombili izintaba zivalele emihosheni yazo enye yezimfihlakalo ezinkulu zomhlaba: imidwebo eyimfihlakalo yomhume.
Ukuphuma kwelanga bekumangalisa ngendlela efanayo. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, kusukela kuleli phuzu ungacabanga ngenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni; Imisebe yokuqala yelanga ikhanyise ugu lwaseSonora, iGulf of California ebabazekayo kanye nezintaba-mlilo iViejo kanye ne-del Azufre, ofakazi abathembekile ngemvelaphi yezwe labo, inhlonhlo yaseBaja California.
UMA UYA KUVOLCANO LEZINTOMBI EZINTATHU
Thatha umgwaqo omkhulu cha. 1, ewela inhlonhlo yaseBaja California, ukuze ifinyelele eSanta Rosalía. Lapho uzothola izinsiza zesiteshi sikaphethiloli, amahhotela nezindawo zokudlela ezinesizotha.
Ukusuka eSanta Rosalía kufanele uqhubeke ngomgwaqo ofanayo bese uthatha umgwaqo okuyisa epulazini iTres Vírgenes.
E-Bonfil ejido ungathola iziqondiso zokukhuphuka intaba-mlilo (cela uMnu. Ramón Arce), kepha kufanele ucele imininingwane kanye nokugunyazwa ku-Biological Station yase-El Vizcaíno Reserve eGuerrero Negro noma uvakashele isiteshi esincane semvelo saseBorrego ICimarrón, eduze ne-ranchería de las Tres Vírgenes.
Umthombo: Engaziwa iMexico No. 265 / Mashi 1999
Umthwebuli wezithombe okhethekile kwezemidlalo ye-adventure. Usebenze iMD iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10!
