Funda ngokuphila kwalona wesifazane owasiza abantu baseLacandon nangomnyuziyamu oyingqayizivele eChiapas.
Umsebenzi omkhulu wokuthwebula izithombe owenziwa nguGertrude Duby Blom iminyaka engama-40 sekuwubufakazi kumlando wabantu baseLacandon eNa Bolom Museum, futhi igama lakhe lixhunyaniswe nalesi sizwe. Kwakuwukukhathazeka kwakhe okuyinhloko ukusiza ukuvikela impilo yamaLacandon kanye nehlathi, yingakho ukwazi ukuthi uTrudy wayengubani, njengoba abangane bakhe babembiza kanjalo, uhambo oluthokozisayo emlandweni waleli khulu leminyaka.
I-biography yalona wesifazane oncomekayo ibonakala ifana nenoveli. Impilo yakhe iqala lapho izivunguvungu zezepolitiki eYurophu ziqala ukubhebhetheka kodlame olwafinyelela phezulu ngeMpi Yezwe Yesibili.
UGertrude Elizabeth Loertscher wazalelwa eBern, idolobha eliseSwitzerland Alps, ngo-1901 futhi washonela eNa Bolom, ikhaya lakhe eSan Cristóbal de Ias Casas, eChiapas, ngoDisemba 23, 1993.
Ubuntwana bakhe badlula buthule eWimmis, lapho uyise ayephethe khona njengomfundisi weSonto LamaProthestani; Lapho ebuyela eBern, eseminyakeni eyeve eshumini nambili, waba umngane nomakhelwane wakhe, uMnu. Duby, owayesebenza njengomphathi wesitimela, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wabamba isikhundla sokuba ngunobhala-jikelele we-Union of Swiss Railroad Workers. Le ndoda yiyo emngenisa emibonweni yobusoshiyali; Ekanye nendodana kaMnu. Duby, ogama lakhe linguKurt, wabamba iqhaza ezinhlakeni zeSwitzerland Democratic Socialist Party, ngesikhathi eneminyaka engu-15 nje kuphela. Ngemuva kokufunda ngezolimo, wathuthela eZurich lapho afike wahambela khona usihlalo wezenhlalakahle. Ngo-1920, wabamba iqhaza njengomfundi esisekelweni seSocialist Youth Movement futhi waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokuba yintatheli, ebhalela amaphephandaba ezenhlalakahle uTagwacht, waseBern, naseVolksrecht, waseZurich.
Lapho eneminyaka engama-23, wanquma ukuhamba ngomzamo wokwenza imibiko yamaphephandaba aseSwitzerland ngenhlangano yobusoshiyali kwezinye izingxenye zeYurophu. Ngo-1923 wahlala eNgilandi, wahlala njengevolontiya nomndeni wamaQuaker. Uqale ukuxhumana kakhulu ne-English Labour Party, lapho athola khona ithuba lokuhlangana noGeorge Bernard Shaw, phakathi kwabanye.
Ngenhloso yokufunda isiNtaliyane, waya eFlorence; Uzibophezele emzabalazweni wezenhlalo, uyaqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe njengentatheli futhi ubamba iqhaza ezinhlanganweni ezilwa nama-fascist. Ngo-1925 waboshwa kanye nabanye osonhlalakahle, kwathi ngemuva kokuphenywa isikhathi eside amahora amahlanu, waboshwa isonto lonke wadingiselwa emngceleni waseSwitzerland. UKurt Duby wayemlinde lapho, ukusuka lapho behamba khona ngesitimela baya eBern; lapho efika, uhlangatshezwa yisixuku esiphakamisa amafulegi abomvu neziqubulo. Ngemuva kwalokho okwenzekile, umndeni wakhe, onemibono elandelanayo, wawungeke usamamukela.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokufika kwabo, uTrudy noKurt bayashada. Uzophatha isibongo uDuby isikhathi esiningi sempilo yakhe, ngoba kuphela eminyakeni yamuva lapho ezokwamukela khona umyeni wakhe wesibili. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngenxa yobuhlungu obudalwe ukwaliwa ngabazali noma njengesipho kubaba kaKurt, noma esehlukanisile naye, uqhubeke nokusebenzisa isibongo sakhe. Ngemuva kokushada noKurt, bobabili basebenza kwiSocial Democratic Party. Ukungezwani kwezepolitiki nezomuntu siqu kuvela phakathi kwabo okuholela ekutheni bahlukane ngonyaka wesithathu beshadile. Uthatha isinqumo sokuhambela eJalimane, lapho ayedingeka khona njengesikhulumi. UKurt uyaqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe wezepolitiki futhi uba yilungu elivelele lePhalamende laseSwitzerland nejaji leNkantolo Ephakeme Yobulungiswa.
EJalimane, uGertrude Duby uyilungu leqembu lamaKhomanisi; ngemuva nje kwalokho, unquma ukujoyina njengamanje ezokwakha iSocialist Workers Party. NgoJanuwari 1933, iJalimane yaqala iCalvary yayo: UHitler wakhethwa njengoShansela. UGertrude, evimbela ukudingiswa kwakhe, ushada nozakwethu waseJalimane ukuthola ubuzwe. Noma kunjalo, uvela ohlwini lwabamnyama futhi uzingelwa ngamaphoyisa amaNazi. Kumele aphile ngasese, aguqule izindawo njalo ebusuku, kepha umsebenzi wakhe wokusola umbuso wobushiqela awumi futhi amaphephandaba aseSwitzerland athola izindatshana zakhe nsuku zonke. Dispatch imibiko evela ezindaweni ezahlukene, njalo namaphoyisa ngemuva kwakhe. Ekugcineni, ukushiya iJalimane lobuNazi, wathola ipasipoti yamanga eyamvumela ukuba awelele eFrance, lapho enza khona umkhankaso omkhulu wokulwa nobushiqela iminyaka emihlanu.
Ngenxa yesithunzi sakhe esikhulu njengempi yezenhlalo, wabizwa eParis ukuba ajoyine inhlangano ye-International Struggle Against War and Fascism, ngoba ukuqala kwempi kwakubonakala kuseduze futhi kwakudingeka kwenziwe konke okusemandleni ukuyinqanda. Waya e-United States ngo-1939 futhi wabamba iqhaza enhlanganweni ye-World Congress of Women Against War. Ubuyela eParis lapho ubuwula obunjengempi buqale. IFrance inqotshwe yingcindezi yaseJalimane futhi iyalela ukuthi kuboshwe bonke abantu abalwa nama-fascist abangewona amaFulentshi. UGertrude uboshwe enkanjini ejele eningizimu yeFrance, kodwa ngenhlanhla uhulumeni waseSwitzerland uthola futhi aqale imizamo yokuthola ukukhululwa kwakhe, okufeza izinyanga ezinhlanu kamuva ngokubuyisela uTrudy ezweni lakhe lokuzalwa. Lapho eseSwitzerland, wanquma ukuchitha umshado waseJalimane futhi ngaleyo ndlela wabuyisa ipasipoti yakhe yaseSwitzerland, eyamvumela ukuba aye e-United States ayohlela isikhwama sababaleki abavela empini.
Ngo-1940, kanye nabanye ababaleki, abentando yeningi, abezenhlalakahle, amakhomanisi kanye namaJuda, wathuthela eMexico futhi wafunga ukuthi ngeke angene kwezombusazwe zaseMexico, nakuba engaqondile njengentatheli, ngandlela thile. Uhlangana noNobhala Wezabasebenzi wangaleso sikhathi, omqasha njengentatheli nosonhlalakahle; Isabelo sakhe wukufunda umsebenzi wabesifazane emafemini, okuholela ekutheni adabule izifundazwe ezisenyakatho nasenkabeni yeRiphabhuliki yaseMexico. EMorelos usungula ukuxhumana nephephabhuku i-Zapatistas, elihlelwe ngabesifazane abebelwile kanye noGeneral Zapata, futhi basebenzisana nemibhalo yabo.
Kungalesi sikhathi lapho athenga khona i-Agfa Standard camera ngo- $ 50.00 kumuntu waseJalimane othunyelwe eBlum, omnika imibono eyisisekelo ngokusetshenziswa komshini futhi amfundise ukuphrinta izinto ezingajwayelekile. Umdlandla wakhe wokuthwebula izithombe wawungewona owobuhle, ngoba futhi umoya wakhe wokulwa wawukhona: wabona izithombe njengethuluzi lokubika, yingakho intshisekelo enkulu eyavusa kuye. Ubengeke aphinde ashiye ikhamera yakhe.
Ngo-1943, wahamba ohambweni lokuqala lukahulumeni waya ehlathini laseLacandon; Umsebenzi wakhe ukubhala lolu hambo ngezithombe nokubhala kwentatheli. Lolo hambo lwalugcinelwe yena ukutholakala kwezinhlobo ezimbili zothando olusha empilweni yakhe: okokuqala lokho kwalabo ababezokwakha umndeni wakhe omusha, abafowabo amaLacandons, bese kuthi okwesibili, okwatholakala kumvubukuli waseDenmark uFrans Blom, ahlanganyela naye iminyaka engama-20 eyalandela, waze wafa. kwe.
UGertrude wayengaphezu kwakho konke umuntu owayelwela izinkolelo zakhe, ezingazange ziphele. Ngo-1944 washicilela incwadi yakhe yokuqala enesihloko esithi Los lacandones, umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wobuhlanga. Isandulela, esibhalwe ngumyeni wakhe wakusasa, sithola ukubaluleka komuntu komsebenzi kaDuby: Kumele sibonge uMiss Gertrude Duby, ngokusivumela ukuthi sazi ukuthi leli qembu elincane lamaNdiya aseMexico lingabantu, bangamadoda, abesifazane nezingane. ezihlala emhlabeni wethu, hhayi njengezilwane ezingavamile noma izinto zokubukisa ngomnyuziyamu, kodwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yobuntu bethu.
Kulo mbhalo, uDuby uchaza ukufika kukaDon José emphakathini wase-Iacandon, amasiko awo nenjabulo yawo, ukuhlakanipha kwawo okhokho kanye nobuthakathaka bawo lapho ebhekene nezifo, kubandakanya nokwelashwa ngalolo suku. Uhlaziya izimo zowesifazane kuleyo ndawo futhi umangale ngobulula bokucabanga kwakhe. Unikeza ukulandisa okufushane ngomlando wama-Iacandones, awabiza ngokuthi "inzalo yokugcina yabakhi bamadolobha amangalisayo ayincithakalo." Ubachaza ngokuthi "balwa nesibindi sokulwa nokunqotshwa amakhulu eminyaka", ngomqondo "owakhiwe ngenkululeko engakaze ibazi abanikazi noma abaxhaphazi."
Ngokuphazima kweso, uTrudy wazuza uthando lwamaLacandone; Uthi ngabo: "Abangane bami base-Iacandon banginikeza ubufakazi obukhulu bokuzethemba kwabo lapho bengithatha ngivakashela okwesithathu ukuyobona ichibi elingcwele leMetzabok"; ngabesifazane base-Iacandon usitshela ukuthi: “abahlanganyeli emikhosini yenkolo noma bangene emathempelini. Bacabanga ukuthi uma iacandona inyathela emagxolweni ompheme, izofa ”. Ucabanga ngekusasa lalesi sizwe futhi uveza ukuthi "ukubasindisa kuyadingeka, noma ukubashiya bodwa, okungenzeki ngoba ihlathi selivele livulekele ukuxhashazwa, noma ukubasiza bathuthukise umnotho wabo futhi belaphe izifo zabo."
Ngo-1946 washicilela i-eseyi enesihloko esithi Ingabe kukhona izinhlanga eziphansi?, Isihloko esishisayo ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II, lapho akhomba khona ukulingana kwabantu nokwakhiwa kwempilo okuvamile ngenkululeko. Umsebenzi wakhe awumi: uhamba noBlom futhi uyazi i-intshi yehlathi laseLacandon ngamasentimitha kanye nezakhamizi zalo, aba ngumvikeli ongakhathali kuzo.
Ngo-1950 bathenga indlu eSan Cristóbal de Ias Casas abayibhapathiza ngegama likaNa Bolom. INa, ngesiTzotzil lisho ukuthi "indlu" kanti iBolom, kudlalwa ngamagama, ngoba uBlom udidekile neBaIum, okusho ukuthi "i-jaguar". Inhloso yalo bekuwukubamba isikhungo sokufunda esifundeni futhi ikakhulukazi ukusingatha ama-Iacandon avakashela leli dolobha.
UTrudy wayefuna ukuthi indlu neqoqo lakhe iye edolobheni laseMexico. Kuzo kunezithombe ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-40, irekhodi elihle kakhulu lokuphila komdabu emiphakathini eminingi yaseChiapas; Umtapo wolwazi ocebile osikompilo lwamaMaya; iqoqo lobuciko benkolo, elisindiswe nguFrans Blom ngenkathi kwenziwa umzamo wokucekela phansi lezi zingcezu ngesikhathi sempi yeCristeros (inani elikhulu leziphambano zensimbi ezigcinwe nguBlom kusuka kwisisekelo lidalulwa ezindongeni). Kukhona nendlu yesonto lapho kukhonjiswa khona izinto zobuciko benkolo, kanye neqoqo elincane lezingcezu zemivubukulo.Ungayithanda inkulisa akhule kuyo izihlahla ezisengozini. Kukhona negumbi elinikezelwe abakwaLacandon, izitsha zabo, amathuluzi, kanye neqoqo lezindwangu ezivela esifundeni. INa Bolom Museum ikhona, isilindele, amabhulokhi ambalwa ukusuka enkabeni yeSan Cristóbal, egcina umcebo omkhulu wefa likaGertrude noFrans Blom.
Lapho sibabaza izithombe ezinhle zikaGertrude Duby Blom, siyabona ukuthi wayengowesifazane ongakhathali ongazange azivumele ukuthi acindezeleke futhi, noma ngabe ukuphi, walwela lezo zimbangela azibheka njengezilungile. Eminyakeni yakamuva, enkampanini yabangane bakhe iLacandones, wazinikezela ekuthwebuleni nasekugxekeni ukwehliswa kwehlathi laseLacandon. UTrudy, ngokungangabazeki isibonelo esihle sezizukulwane zamanje nezizayo, ushiye umsebenzi ozokhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
