Kuhle ukuthi ngaphambi kokungena kwimfihlakalo yeMuseum of the Mummies of Guanajuato ufunde lo mhlahlandlela, ukuze ungaphuthelwa yiliphi ithuba lokuthuthumela.
Uma ufuna ukufunda umhlahlandlela wezinto eziyi-12 ezinhle ongazenza eGuanajuato Chofoza lapha.
1. Yini leyo?
Lo mnyuziyamu oyingqayizivele waseMexico uyiqoqo lezidumbu ezigqunywe ngokugqamile ngendlela engokwemvelo, ezikhishwe emathuneni aseGuanajuato aseSanta Paula kusukela ngekhulu le-19. Sekukonke kukhona izidumbu ezingama-111, ezibandakanya abantu abadala babo bobubili ubulili nezingane. Imnyuziyamu isibe ngesinye sezindawo zabavakashi ezithakazelisa kakhulu edolobheni laseGuanajuato.
2. Itholakala kuphi?
Umnyuziyamu utholakala e-esplanade ye-Municipal Pantheon, s / n, enkabeni yedolobha laseGuanajuato. Inendawo yokupaka izimoto ezingama-70, enesilinganiso sama-peso ayi-7 ngehora yemoto ejwayelekile kanye nama-peso ayi-8 ngehora lamaveni.
3. Kwaqala kanjani?
Kwamanye amathuna aseMexico, kwakudingeka imali yeminyaka emihlanu ukuze kugcinwe izinsalela zenkolo. Lapho izidumbu zanqwabelana ngaphandle kokuthi kube khona ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ophendulayo ngokuzinakekela kwabo emathuneni, izinsalela zakhishwa zayiswa kwenye indawo. NgoJuni 9, 1865, ngenkathi kukhishwa uRemigio Leroy, abagcwabayo babona ngokumangala ukuthi isidumbu sasimunyiswe ngokumangalisayo.
4. Wayengubani uRemigio Leroy?
ULoyoy wayengudokotela waseFrance owayehlala edolobheni laseGuanajuato phakathi nekhulu le-19. Ushone ngo-1860, wangcwatshwa ku-niche No. 214 wamathuna aseSanta Paula. Ngo-1865, lapho kwenziwa uhlu lwezidumbu ezikhohliwe, izihlobo zazo ezazingakakhokhiswa mali yesondlo, uLeroy wakhishwa. Manje umama kaRemigio Leroy ungomunye wabantu abadume kakhulu emnyuziyamu ngokubhekwa njengomsunguli.
5. Ngabe zikhona ezinye izidumbu ezihlonziwe?
Izidumbu zomzimba zika-Ignacia Aguilar, uTranquilina Ramírez no-Andrea Campos Galván bakhonjwa ngamagama abo okuqala nesibongo. Kukhona nemizimba ekhunjiwe ethola amagama ahlanganisiwe noma ajwayelekile, anjengoDaniel el Navieso (umama womfana), uLos Angelitos (izingane ezincane) noLa Bruja, umama othathwa njengowesifazane oshonile ekugugeni.
6. Ukwenziwa kwesidumbu kwenzeka kanjani?
Ukugcotshwa kwemvelo kungenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, lapho izici zokushisa, umswakama, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi nokugcwala kongqimba lomhlabathi zikuvumela. Lezi zimo zenza ukuthi umzimba ulahlekelwe izingxenye zawo zoketshezi ngaphambi kokuba amagciwane aqhubeke nenqubo yokubola. Imvelo epholile, eyomile iyadingeka ukuze kugwinywe futhi kulondolozwe.
7. Ingabe umbukiso uqale endaweni okuyo njengamanje?
Cha. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwezidumbu zikaDkt. Remigio Leroy nabanye abathile, lezi zindaba zabanga umsindo eGuanajuato namaphethelo. Ukuphathwa kwethimba likankulunkulu kwakuthathe isixwayiso sokubeka izidumbu emangcwabeni amathuna futhi abantu baqala ukuthutheleka baya kulo mhlangano ukuyobabona, okungenziwa enkampanini yabangcwabi.
8. Izidumbu ezomisiwe zaziwa kanjani eMexico?
Izidumbu zomama babonakala emangcwabeni amathuna, indawo lapho abantu abaningi ababengangena khona futhi empeleni babengenazo izindawo zokubonisa kahle. Ngo-1969 kwavulwa umnyuziyamu, owasinda ngokuntuleka okuningi kwaze kwaba ngo-2007 wavulwa ngemuva kokuguqulwa okuphelele okwenziwa uhulumeni kamasipala wedolobha laseGuanajuato. Omama base baziwa kulo lonke elaseMexico ekuqaleni kwawo-1970 lapho kukhonjiswa ifilimu ye-blockbuster. I-Santo ngokumelene nezidumbu zomzimba zaseGuanajuato, obedlala umlingisi odumile waseMexico nowabambana I-Saint the Silver Masked.
9. Kuyiqiniso yini ukuthi ezinye izidumbu zazigqunyiswa?
Uphenyo olwenziwe ngochwepheshe baseMexico nabaseMelika luthole ukuthi isidumbu sombungu onamasonto angama-24 nesengane encane senziwa izinqubo zokugqumisa. Ochwepheshe babone ukuthi ubuchopho nezitho zisusiwe kuzo zombili izidumbu, mhlawumbe ukuze izidumbu zizogcinwa kangcono ngesikhathi ngaphambi kokungcwatshwa, okuvumela isikhathi esithe xaxa sokwenza imicikilisho yesiko lomngcwabo.
10. Ngabe zikhona izindaba ezesabekayo mayelana nezidumbu?
Ngaphandle kwezindaba ezivela kuthelevishini naku-cinema, kunemicimbi ethile engajwayelekile ezungeze ezinye izidumbu ezihambisa izimo phakathi kweqiniso nenganekwane. Kukhona inganekwane yokuthi owesifazane ogqunyiwe ubengangcwatshwa ephila kanti futhi nabasekeli be-hypothesis emnyama basuselwa enkomba. Isidumbu besingashiywanga izandla zihlangene endaweni yomkhuleko, njengenjwayelo, kepha izingalo zingenhla kwekhanda, sengathi bekuzama ukuphakamisa isivalo sebhokisi.
11. Ingabe ikhona indaba yokubulala?
Kukhona umame wensizwa ekhombisa izimpawu zokuthola igalelo elinzima ohlangothini lwekhanda. Inganekwane ithi ingumama womuntu obulewe, kepha abukho ubufakazi obuqanda ikhanda. Enye inganekwane iveza ukuthi owesifazane ushonile ngokulengiswa (le ndaba ize yanwetshwa, okukhombisa ukuthi walengiswa ngumyeni wakhe), kepha abukho ubufakazi obucacile futhi.
12. Ngabe kuzokwazi ukuqhubeka nokuhlonza?
Enye yezinhloso zomnyuziyamu ukuhlonipha izidumbu ezigqunyiwe, ukuqoqa imininingwane eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka, okungagcina kuholele ekuhlonzweni. Ochwepheshe bemithi ye-forensic kanye ne-anthropology, kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe, basebenzisa izindlela zanamuhla zokuzama ukuthola iphrofayili yomama ngamunye, kufaka phakathi imbangela yokufa, iminyaka elinganiselwe, indawo yezenhlalo nokwakhiwa kabusha kobuso.
13. Yiziphi ezinye izinto enginazo emnyuziyamu?
Ngaphandle kokubona izidumbu, emakamelweni ahlukene ubhale izincazelo nomsindo nevidiyo ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha lonke ulwazi mayelana nale nyuziyamu ethakazelisayo. Ukuvakasha kuqala egumbini lokuqagela lapho kukhonjiswa khona ividiyo yokwethula emnyuziyamu. Kwelinye igumbi, indlela izidumbu ezigqunyiwe ezaziboniswa ngayo kusukela ngekhulu le-19 lakhiwa kabusha. Bese ulandela igumbi likaLa Voz de los Muertos, igumbi lokufanekisa nalabo abazinikele kwabanye omama, ngezinto zabo ezifanele.
14. Yini engilindele kuZwi lekamelo labafileyo nasegumbini lokucabanga?
KuLa Voz de los Muertos, abanye babamele abaluleke kakhulu beqoqo baxoxa izindaba zabo, izikhathi lapho ezinye zezivakashi zithola khona ukuqhuma kwamahansi. Igumbi lezithombe likhombisa iziphetho ezisemqoka zophenyo olwenziwe emzimbeni womuntu wesilisa nowesifazane.
15. Yini evelele kula makamelo alandelayo?
Endaweni ebizwa nge-Angelitos, kukhonjiswa izidumbu zezingane ezigqokiswe ngendlela yesiko yezingane ezifile, ezibizwa ngokuthi "izingelosi ezincane" eLatin America. Egumbini elinikezelwe Ukufa Okudabukisayo izidumbu ezihambelana nabantu okuthiwa babulawa ezenzakalweni ezimbi. Igumbi Lezimpahla Ezijwayelekile lifana nezidumbu zabantu ababegqoke izingubo zesintu bembelwa. Endaweni kaMama neNdodana kunenye yezingcezu ezibaluleke kakhulu zomnyuziyamu, ngoba iqukethe umbungu, okuyisidumbu somzimba esincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kukhona nokwakhiwa kabusha kwamathuna amathuna lapho kukhishwa khona izidumbu.
16. Ingabe kuwuphawu lomhlaba wonke?
Umhlaba wamazwe omhlaba wesayensi kanye nabezindaba ukhombise intshisekelo ekhulayo kumnyuziyamu. Ngaphandle kochwepheshe bomhlaba kwezokwelapha kwe-forensic kanye ne-anthropology abanomnyuziyamu njengenhloso yabo yokufunda, kuye kwakhiqizwa imibhalo yethelevishini kanti amanye amafilimu akhombise izidumbu. Phakathi kwama-documentary, kufanelekile ukugqamisa okwenziwe ngumagazini nesiteshi sethelevishini National Geographic. Umqondisi odumile waseMelika uTim Burton uvakashele umnyuziyamu.
17. Ayini amahora akho namanani akho?
Umnyuziyamu uvula iminyango yawo kusukela ngoMsombuluko kuya kuLwesine kusukela ngo-9: 00 ekuseni kuya ku-6: 00 ntambama futhi kusukela ngoLwesihlanu kuya ngeSonto phakathi kuka-9: 00 ekuseni no-6: 30 ntambama Umnyango unesilinganiso esijwayelekile sama-peso angama-55 aseMexico. Kunamanani entandokazi kubantu asebekhulile abanokuhlonza okusemthethweni (17), izakhamizi zaseGuanajuato ezinokuhlonza okusemthethweni (17), izingane ezineminyaka eyisithupha kuya kwengu-12 ubudala (36), abafundi nothisha abaneziqinisekiso ezisemthethweni (36) nabantu abakhubazekile (6) ). Ilungelo lokusebenzisa amakhamera wezithombe noma wevidiyo libiza ama-peso angama-20.
Ukulungele ukuvakasha emnyuziyamu ngaphandle kokufa uzama? Kujabulele!
Imihlahlandlela yokuvakashela eGuanajuato
Izindawo eziyi-12 zokuvakashela eGuanajuato
Izinganekwane eziyi-10 ezinhle kakhulu zeGuanajuato
