IMagic Town yaseXilitla yaziwa kakhulu nge-Edward James Las Pozas Surrealist Garden, nokuyinto eheha iNombolo 1. Kepha ngaphandle kwengadi, eXilitla nakomasipala nasezindaweni eziseduze kunenqwaba yezindawo zemvelo , ezokwakha nezokupheka, ezizokwenza uhambo lwakho kulo mkhakha lungalibaleki.
1. Yini iXilitla futhi ikuphi?
IXilitla kumasipala naseMagical Town esifundeni saseSan Luis Potosí esisendaweni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yalesi sifunda saseMexico, endaweni ebizwa U-Huasteca Potosina. Itholakala ekuphakameni okuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-600 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle futhi ingumasipala ongcolile kakhulu eSan Luis Potosí. Isihlalo sikamasipala iXilitla singama-470 sisuka enhlokodolobha yaseMexico, iMexico City. Ibanga phakathi kwedolobha iSan Luis Potosí, inhlokodolobha yesifundazwe, neXilitla ngamakhilomitha angama-350.
2. Unjani uXilitla?
IXilitla ingumasipala ojwayelekile waseHuasteca Potosina, ngesimo sezulu sayo esinemvula, izimila zayo ezijabulisayo, umhlaba ovundile namanzi, amanzi amaningi, awela esibhakabhakeni agelezele ezinkulungwaneni zemifudlana, imifudlana nezimpophoma, eziqoqana emachibini amnandi. Kuyinsimu eshintshe okuncane kakhulu kusuka ezikhathini ezedlule, ngoba ukungena kwezimboni bekuphansi kakhulu. Kunamathafa ambalwa kanti futhi inezindawo eziphakeme zezintaba, ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-2 500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
3. Livelaphi igama elithi Xilitla?
"I-Xilitla" yigama langaphambi kweColumbian okuthi, ngokwenguqulo evunyelwene kakhulu, lisuselwa egameni lesiNahuatl "zilliy", okusho into efana "nendawo yeminenke emincane" noma "indawo yeminenke emincane." Mhlawumbe, ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi, Izintaba zaseXilitla bezigcwele kakhulu iminenke yomhlaba kunamanje. Uhlobo lwesibili lukhombisa ukuthi igama elithi "Xilitla" lisho ukuthi "indawo yama-prawn"
4. Yasungulwa nini iXilitla?
Umlando wamakholoni waseXilitla waqala cishe ngonyaka we-1537, lapho iqembu labavangeli abavela ku-Order of San Agustín beqala uhambo lwabo emagqumeni eSierra Madre Oriental bezama ukuguqulela abantu bomdabu enkolweni yobuKrestu. UFray Antonio de la Roa waba ngowokuqala waseSpain ukusabalalisa iVangeli endaweni yaseXilitla yanamuhla kanti nezenzakalo eziyisimangaliso kuthiwa zenziwa kuye. Isigodlo seSan Agustín de Xilitla saqedwa ngo-1557, sisebenza ngasikhathi sinye njengethempeli, indawo yokuzifihla kanye nenqaba yokuvikela ekuhlaselweni amaChichimecas.
5. Yikuphi ukuheha anakho uXilitla?
Okuheha kakhulu iXilitla yi- Ingadi ye-Surrealist u-Edward James Las Pozas. Ngaphezu kwensimu, iXilitla inezinye izinto ezikhangayo zokwakha nezemvelo ezilungele ukuhamba nokubuka imvelo.
Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi nge-Edward James's Surreal Garden Chofoza lapha.
6. Wayengubani u-Edward James?
Wayengumculi ocebile ngokuzalwa, ngemuva kokuthola ifa elikhulu eqoqwe nguyise, uWilliam Dodge James, owayeyisikhulu sikaloliwe, owaziwa kakhulu emibuthanweni ephakeme yaseBrithani futhi engumngani kaKing Edward VII, amhlonipha ngokubiza u-Edward indodana yakhe okuwukuphela kwayo. U-Edward James wayengumphathi nomngani wabaculi abakhulu ngenkathi besebuntwaneni, njengoSalvador Dalí, uRené Magritte noPablo Picasso.
7. Ngabe uJames wayengumbhali?
Kunjalo. UJames wakwamukela ukuzinikela, ubuciko obusemfashinini ebusheni bakhe, okokuqala njengembongi, ebhala amavesi awashicilela kumagazini axhaswe nguye, futhi kamuva njengomculi obukwayo, ngemuva kokuhlangana nokwakha ubungani nabaculi abakhulu abanyusa lesi sikole. yobuciko. U-Edward James uvela kweminye imidwebo nobuciko obudwetshwe nguSalvador Dalí noRené Magritte.
8. Futhi kungani wenze i-Surrealist Garden yakho eMexico?
Ezithola eseYurophu echithwe iMpi Yezwe II, enemali enkulu azoyisebenzisa futhi engenzi lutho, u-Edward James weza eMelika, waqala ukuhlala isikhashana e-American California. Wayefike evela eYurophu ngomqondo wokwakha uhlobo lwepharadesi lasemhlabeni lapho angahlala khona futhi waqala ukufuna insimu yamaphupho. Umngani wakhe, umculi ophilayo uBridget Bate Tichenor, ahlangana naye eHollywood, wancoma ukuthi afune indawo yakhe yase-Eden eMexico.
9. U-Edward James wamthanda kanjani uXilitla?
Ngemuva kokufika eMexico, uJames wahlangana eCuernavaca umakhalekhukhwini waseYaqui ogama lakhe linguPlutarco Gastélum. Omunye wayephawule kuJames ukuthi endaweni ebizwa ngeXilitla, eHuasteca Potosina, ama-orchid nezinye izimbali zakhula ngokukhululeka okumangazayo. U-Edward James wahambela i-Huasteca noPlutarco Gastélum njengomhlahlandlela futhi wayejabule ngo-Xilitla, ethenga indawo engamahektare angama-40 maphakathi nawo-1940, lapho aqala khona ukwakha ingadi yakhe ngawo-1960.
10. Yini okukhangayo engadini?
Ingadi iyindawo enkulu yezitshalo, izimbali, amahlathi, imifudlana, izindlela namachibi. Eqinisweni, linegama lamaLas Poza ngenxa yenani elikhulu lalezi zingcosana zamanzi ezisendaweni. Kusatshalaliswe izakhiwo ezingama-36 ezinkulu zama-surrealist nezithombe ezibaziweyo. Phakathi kwalezi kukhona Isakhiwo sezitezi ezintathu ezingaba zinhlanu, Igumbi lokulala elinophahla olunjengomkhomo, Izitebhisi eziya ezulwini, Indlu kaDon Eduardo, I-cinema, Indlu ye-peristyle, I-aviary, Isigodlo sasehlobo kanye neTheku amahlosi.
11. Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko zemisebenzi yobuciko?
Ukwakhiwa kobuciko kuyingxube yobuciko bokwakha nobuciko bokubumba. Zinezikhala eziningi ezingenalutho futhi ziyaphazamiseka, kunikeze isithombe sokuthi bekuyimisebenzi engaqediwe. U-Edward James wayekholelwa ukuthi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthi umsebenzi wobuciko ulondoloze noma uthuthukise inani lawo lobuciko kwakuwukuwushiya ungaqediwe, ukuze uqhubeke nokukhula esikhaleni nangesikhathi. Iningi lifakwe kukhonkolo ngosizo lwabasebenzi baseXilitla. Ngokwakha, bakhuthazwa ubuciko baseMesopotamiya, baseGibhithe nabamaGothic.
12. Ukuba yisikhala esikhulu kangaka, uyigcina kanjani ingadi isesimweni esihle?
Izimila eXilitla zikhula ngokushesha futhi ukhula luhlasela izindawo ezihlelwe kahle nemisebenzi yobuciko uqobo. Ngemuva kokushona kuka-Edward James ngo-1984, i-Surrealist Garden yadlula esigabeni sokushiywa kancane okwadala ukuwohloka kwezindawo zemvelo kanye nezakhiwo. Ngenhlanhla, ngo-2007 le ndawo yathengwa emndenini kaPlutarco Gastélum, owayeyitholile njengefa, ngemizamo ehlangene kahulumeni waseSan Luis Potosí, inkampani yaseCemex nabanye ababambe iqhaza. Ukuphathwa kweSurrealist Garden kwaba umthwalo wesisekelo esiqinisekisa ukongiwa kwayo.
13. Ngihlala kuphi eXilitla?
Phakathi kwezindawo izivakashi eziningi ezincoma iXilitla ezincomayo yi-El Hostal del Café (Niños Héroes, 116). Ukuze uhambisane nokuheha okuyinhloko kwedolobha, i-Surrealist Garden, i-Hostal del Café inengadi enhle futhi inikezela ngemfudumalo yokunakekelwa okuhlinzekwa ngabanikazi bayo. Okunye ongakhetha kukho yihhotela Guzmán (Calle Corregidora, 208), iHotel Aurora (Niños Héroes, 114) neHotel Dolores (Matamoros, 211).
14. Ngabe kukhona umnyuziyamu eXilitla?
I-El Castillo inn iphinde ibe uhlobo lomnyuziyamu mayelana no-Edward James nokuhlala kwakhe edolobheni lasePotosí, ngombukiso wezithombe ezithile kanye nemibhalo yomuntu siqu yomculi we-surrealist. Isampula lifaka namanye amathuluzi asetshenzisiwe ekwakhiweni kwengadi. Indawo yokugcina izihambi iseduze kwalapho okwake kwaba yindlu kaPlutarco Gastélum eXilitla.
15. Ngabe kukhona okunye okuhehayo edolobheni?
IXilitla yidolobha elithule laseHuasteco elihlala liphefumula umoya omsulwa owehla ehlathini nasemasimini ekhofi asezintabeni, futhi okuhehayo kwalo okuyinhloko kuhlanganiswe nemvelo ezungezile. Igugu lamasiko eXilitla yithempeli kanye nesigodlo sangaphambili esakhiwa ama-Augustinians maphakathi nekhulu le-16, okwakuyisakhiwo sokuqala senkolo ukwakhiwa esifundazweni samanje saseSan Luis Potosí. Isakhiwo sesigodlo sikwazile ukumelana namakhulu amahlanu ezimpi, phakathi kwaso sibhidlikile, sicwiyiwe futhi sishiyiwe, kepha ngaso sonke isikhathi sithole indlela yokusinda sibe namuhla ubufakazi obuyinhloko bomlando weXilitlan.
16. Phakathi kwezinto ezikhangayo zemvelo zaseXilitla, yiziphi ezigqame kakhulu?
Kusukela ngo-2011, iXilitla ibe yiMagical Town yaseMexico, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yeSurrealist Garden, okumele ibonwe kumasipala. Kodwa-ke, kukhona okunye okuhehayo kwemvelo okuvumela isivakashi ukuthi siqede ukuhlala okungenakulibaleka. ISótano de Huahuas ingwalasha cishe amamitha ayi-500 ukujula okuyipharadesi labaqaphi bezinyoni abangena baphume emhumeni oqonde mpo. Abathandi bezintaba bathembele kwi-La Silleta massif futhi ngabathandi be-caving kukhona umhume wase-El Salitre.
17. Ingabe akhona amanye amadolobha nezindawo eziseduze neXilitla okufanele ukuvakashelwa?
Kunjalo. Isibonelo, eduze neXilitla, ukhuphukela entabeni, yidolobha elijwayelekile i-Ahuacatlán de Jesús, idolobha elinokuthula cishe amamitha ayi-1 200 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, elinentaba emnandi yasentabeni. Ezinye izindawo eziseduze nomasipala, ezinokuheha okuthakazelisayo ukuvakashelwa, yi-Aquismón, Ciudad Valles, Tamtoc, Tamasopo, Matlapa neTancanhuitz.
18. Yini engiyibonayo ku-Aquismon?
IXilitla inqamula i-Aquismon ngasenyakatho. Kulo masipala kuneSótano de las Golondrinas edume kakhulu, umhume wekarst osanda kutholakala ngo-1966, obhekwa ngongoti njengomgede omuhle kakhulu omile emhlabeni. Ingaphezulu kwamamitha angama-500 ukujula futhi iyindawo yokugcina izinyoni, ikakhulukazi eshintshashintshayo hhayi eyezinkonjane. Okunye okuheha kakhulu i-Aquismón yiTamul Waterfall, ephakeme ngamamitha angu-105, enkulu kunazo zonke esifundazweni saseSan Luis Potosí.
19. Yikuphi okuheha kakhulu iCiudad Valles?
Leli dolobha eliyinhloko likamasipala wegama elifanayo litholakala kumakhilomitha angama-90 ukusuka eXilitla. ICiudad Valles yidolobha elinengqalasizinda enhle yezinsizakalo zezivakashi, ngakho-ke abantu abaningi abanesifiso sokwazi iHuasteca Potosina bahlala lapho, bathatha uhambo lwansuku zonke futhi babuyela esisekelweni. Phakathi kokuhehayo kwayo kwemvelo, iCascadas de Micos ivelele, ezinye zinyathela izimpophoma ezivame ukuhanjwa ngabalandeli bezemidlalo eyingozi. Futhi okuseduze kukhona iziphethu ezishisayo ezine-sulphurous zaseTaninul.
20. Yiziphi izinto ezithakazelisayo ezikhona eTamtoc?
Enye indawo eseduze neXilitla yiTamtoc, indawo yokuvubukula etholakala kumasipala waseTamuín. ITamtoc yayingenye yezindawo ezinkulu zasemadolobheni zempucuko yaseHuasteca eSan Luis Potosí. Phakathi kwezakhiwo ezinkulu zalesi siza kukhona i-El Tizate, i-Paso Bayo, okukholakala ukuthi ibiyisakhiwo senkolo; ICorcovado, isakhiwo esiyindilinga okungenzeka sinikezelwe kwezentengiselwano nasekuhlanganeni kwabantu abaningi; kanye neVenus of Tamtoc, isithombe sowesifazane esibizwa nangokuthi Owesifazane Oqhakazile.
21. Yini engiyibonayo eTamasopo?
ITamasopo ingamakhilomitha ayi-140 ukusuka eXilitla emgwaqweni ofanayo naseCiudad Valles. Kuyafaneleka ukuya kulo masipala wasePotosí ukuyokwazisa izimpophoma zawo, izimpophoma ezakhiwe enkambeni yoMfula iTamasopo. IBhuloho LikaNkulunkulu liyimpophoma enomhume lapho imisebe yelanga, lapho ihlangana namanzi amanje, idala umphumela omuhle kuma-stalactites, ama-stalagmites nokunye ukwakheka komgodi. Enye indawo enentshisekelo yiCiénaga de las Cabezas, uhlelo lwezinto eziphilayo oluhlala izinhlobo zezilwane ezithakazelisayo.
22. Yikuphi okuheha kakhulu iMatlapa?
Umasipala waseMatlapa utholakala ngaseXilitla ohlangothini lwasempumalanga. IMatlapla yindawo enezintaba kakhulu, nemithambeka yezintaba eziluhlaza eniselwa nguMfula iTancuilín nemifula yawo. NjengeXilitla, inenqwaba yemifudlana, iziphethu namachibi, alungele isivakashi esinesifiso sokuthintana nemvelo yezintombi, ngaphandle kokunethezeka okutholakala ezindaweni zabavakashi ezithuthuke kakhulu.
23. Ngabe uncoma ukuthi ubone ini eTancanhuitz?
Futhi eduze naseXilitla ngumasipala wasePotosí waseTancanhuitz. Phakathi kwezindawo ezinentshisekelo eTancanhuitz kukhona iSonto lezinyathelo eziyi-149, iLam Herradura Dam, neCueva de Los Brujos. Okunye okuhehayo amanye amapulazi aseduze, phakathi kwawo okugqame leli laseDon Chinto.
24. Iyini imikhosi emikhulu eXilitla?
Umphathi wedolobha yiSan Agustín de Hipona, ohlonishwa ethempelini lekhulu le-16 okuyigugu eliyinhloko lokwakha kanye nomlando weXilitla. Usuku lukaSanta Augustine lugujwa ngo-Agasti 28, usuku lokufa kongcwele edolobheni lasendulo laseNumidic laseHippo Regius ngo-430 AD. Umbukiso weSan Agustín de Xilitla wenzeka phakathi kokuphela kuka-Agasti kuya ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Kwesinye isikhathi, iXilitla iyindawo yemihlangano kanye nemikhosi yaseHuasteca, enikelwe ekubonakalisweni kwamasiko emadolobheni ahlukene nasezifundeni zeSifunda saseHuasteca.
25. Yikuphi ukudla okunconywa kakhulu eXilitla?
Isitsha esibaluleke kakhulu eXilitla yi-zacahuil, isibiliboco esiyinkanyezi ye-Huasteca cuisine. Ilungiswa ngokugcwalisa ummbila omkhulu we-masa tamale ngengxube yenyama, okusetshenziswa kakhulu ingulube nenkukhu. Inyama inongwe ngopelepele, amakhambi anamakha nezinye izithako ezivela emazweni avundile aseXilitla. Ngemuva kwalokho i-tamale isongwa ngamaqabunga esitshalo esifana nobhanana bese iphekwa. Ezinye izinketho ze-gastronomic yi-xochitl, umhluzi wenkukhu onokwatapheya, ama-bocoles nama-enchiladas asePotosí.
26. Ngidla kuphi eXilitla?
EXilitla unezinketho ezahlukene zokunambitha iPotosi nokudla kwamazwe omhlaba. ILa Huastequita iyisikhungo esilula esihlinzeka ngokudla kweHuasteca, ama-enchiladas ajwayelekile esifundeni anconywa kakhulu. IQuerreque itholakala esigcawini esiphakathi neXilitla futhi kunemibono emihle kakhulu ngezinye zezitsha zayo, njengenkukhu ehlanjwe ngososo lwamantongomane. Indawo yokudlela yaseLos Cayos yaziwa ngama-enchiladas ayo ane-jerky. Ezinye izinketho ongazidla eXilitla yi-Ambar, Las Pozas neLa Condesa.
27. Ngabe kuliqiniso yini ukuthi eXilitla ngingathola ikhofi elisezingeni eliphezulu?
Izintaba zeHuasteca Potosina ziveza ukuphakama okufanele, umswakama nezimo zokukhosela lapho kwenziwa ikhofi. IXilitla izungezwe amasimu ekhofi kanti ingxenye kabhontshisi evunwa emagqumeni ezintaba iyasizakala kumasipala ofanayo ukuze ithokozelwe izivakashi ezindaweni zokudlela nezindawo zokudlela ezinhle. Yonke imizi yaseXilitlan inephunga elimnandi lekhofi futhi abantu bendawo babheka noma iziphi izizathu zokuxoxa ngomuthi oshisayo. Uma ufuna ukuthenga okuthile ngokweqiniso i-Xilitlense, thatha iphakethe lekhofi lobuciko.
28. Yimiphi imidlalo engingazijwayeza yona eXilitla?
Isimo sendawo ne-hydrography yeXilitla nomasipala bayo abaseduze banikela ngezikhala zomhlaba kanye nezifundo zamanzi ezilungele ukuzijwayeza ukuzijabulisa nezemidlalo ezahlukahlukene kakhulu, ezijwayelekile nezimbi kakhulu. Ukwenza i-Rafting kungenziwa ezingxenyeni eziphakeme kakhulu futhi ezinamandla kunawo wonke emigodini nasezinsizeni nasemaphandleni abathandi bokukhumbula nokukhuphuka banezinselelo ezithokozisayo. Vele, kukhona izinketho zakudala neziphephile, ezingacebile kangako ku-adrenaline, zokuhamba izintaba nokuhamba ngebhayisikili ezintabeni.
Sithemba ukuthi lo mhlahlandlela weXilitla uqukethe konke odinga ukukwazi ukuze uhlale kahle kule Dolobha laseHuasteco Magical. Sobonana kungekudala kwenye indlela emangalisayo.
