Amathempeli nezindawo zezindela zaseQuerétaro, ezasungulwa ngenhloso yokuqinisa umoya walabo ababehamba phambili emsebenzini wokuvangela esifundeni, zinikeza umlando ngobukhazikhazi besikhathi esedlule. Zazi!
Ukuzulazula ngokungenanjongo emigwaqweni yedolobha iQuerétaro kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusondela emphefumulweni waleli dolobha lamakoloni. Phakathi kwezikwele nezingadi ezibeka izindlu ezinhle ezizuzwe njengefa ebukhosini, indlela isiholela emakhoneni angaziwa nakuma-patio afihliwe, asikhombisa iQuerétaro eyiqiniso.
Phakathi namashumi eminyaka okuqala esikhathi sekoloniyali, iQuerétaro yayingenye yamadolobha amahle kakhulu futhi abalulekile eNew Spain, ngoba yayimaka umkhawulo walokho abakubiza ngokuthi umhlaba ophucukile: kwabamakoloni, ukuqhubeka enyakatho kwakukhona ubuqaba kuphela, futhi Babebona kunesidingo endaweni ukuthola amathempeli nezigodlo lapho kwaqiniswa khona umoya wamakholwa kanye nowenkolo. AmaFranciscans, amaKarmeli akhethiwe, amaJesuit kanye namaDominican abalindanga futhi bafika eQuerétaro ukuqala ukunqoba okungokomoya kwalesifunda, okwaziwa nge-Inside Earth. Iningi lamathempeli amaningi kanye nezivakashi ezihlala edolobheni zisukela ngaleso sikhathi nokuthi nanamuhla zisitshela ngobukhazikhazi besikhathi esedlule.
IQuerétaro ibilokhu ibhekwa njengendawo yamasu ngenxa yebanga eliyihlukanisa neMexico City. Ngesikhathi sezimpi zeNguquko kanye neFrance Intervention, kwakuyindawo yezimpi eziqhubekayo phakathi kwabakhululekile nabasadla ngoludala, behlushwa imiphumela emibi. Ngaleso sikhathi izikhumbuzo ezinkulu zalahleka, kanye nengcebo ebalulekile yobuciko; amathempeli amaningi adilizwa nezisekelo zawo zacekeleka phansi, kuyilapho ama-altare ayo abhasikidi okhuni oluqoshiwe aphonswa emlilweni. Kakade esikhathini samaPorfirian, amathempeli amaningi abuyiswa, azama ukuhlonipha isitayela sangaphakathi senkathi entsha; Ngokunjalo, izikwele, izingadi, izimakethe kanye nezakhiwo ezintsha kwakhiwa ukuze kuthathe indawo yamathempeli kanye nezindela.
Yize umbuso uphinde waba yindawo yezimpi ezinkulu ngesikhathi seNguquko, izakhiwo zawo nezikhumbuzo zazo akuzange kulimale kakhulu njengoba kwenzeka ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ngenxa yalokho, namuhla, esingajabulela ubuhle bazo.
Ukuze uthande iQuerétaro kufanele uyazi, futhi lokho okungcono kakhulu ukuqala ePlaza de Armas, indawo yokuqala nendawo yokuhlangana yezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhamba. Lezi zindlela ezinezintambo, ezifinyeleleka kuphela kubahamba ngezinyawo, ziqukethe ingxenye yakudala yedolobha futhi ethandekayo futhi zinikeza isikhungo ubuntu obuhlukile futhi obuhlukaniswe kahle. Izitaladi namakhona agcina umlando wedolobha uphila futhi anamagama acasulayo anjenge- "Calle de Bimbo" ngenxa yezimfoloko eziningi ebinazo, noma i- "El Callejón del Ciego", zibuyisiwe zaguqulwa zaba izindawo ezigcwele ukukhanya futhi umbala.
Ukushiya indlela yokuhamba 5 de Mayo sifika kuyo Zenea Garden, isikhala esimnandi futhi esiluhlaza esisebenza njengohlaka lwethempeli kanye nesigodlo sangaphambili saseSan Francisco. Ukwakhiwa kwalesi sakhiwo esihlaba umxhwele kwaqala cishe ngo-1548, yize isakhiwo sokuqala, esasibukeka kahle futhi silula, sadilizwa maphakathi nekhulu le-17. Isigodlo samanje ngumsebenzi wesakhi uSebastián Bajas Delgado futhi senziwa phakathi kuka-1660 no-1698. Ithempeli laqedwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18. Ingaphambili lesakhiwo sethempeli lithweswe umqhele ngewashi, lapho kungabonakala khona isithombe senkwali esibomvana sompostoli uSantiago, isithombe esisho ukubonakala komphostoli nokusungulwa kwedolobha. Ithempeli, elakhiwe ngumbhoshongo wezinkwali ophindwe kathathu nedome elimbozwe ngamathayili eTalavera, lasebenza njengesonto lombhishobhi iminyaka engamakhulu amabili, ngaleso sikhathi okwenziwe ngalo izinsimbi ze-altare le-neoclassical, eziphikisana kakhulu nokuchichima kwebaroque kwamanye amasonto.
Isakhiwo esibabazekayo esakhiwa yithempeli kanye nesigodlo sethempeli kanye nesigodlo asizange sisinde ekuguqulweni kweNguquko, ngoba ezinsukwini zombusi wenkululeko uBenito Zenea yalahlekelwa i-atrium yayo namasonto ayo, aguqulwa aba yiPlaza de la Constitución kanye neNsimu yamanje. Zenea. Isigodlo esihle namuhla siyindlunkulu yeRegional Museum yaseQuerétaro, engelinye lamagalari obuciko aphawuleka kakhulu ezweni, kanye namagumbi okukhangisa ahlukahlukene anikezelwe umlando waseMexico.
Phambi kwethempeli laseSan Francisco, kuzalwa omunye wemithambo ebaluleke kakhulu wedolobha, uMadero Street, lapho kutholakala khona amanye amasonto nezindlu ezinkulu zaseQuerétaro. Ekhoneni noGuerrero Street, i- ithempeli kanye nesigodlo sangaphambili saseSanta Clara. IRoyal Convent yaseSanta Clara de Jesús yasungulwa cishe ngonyaka we-1606, lapho umphathi-sikhulu uDon Juan de Mendoza enikeza uDon Diego de Tapia imvume yokwakha indawo yezinkolo zaseFranciscan, ukuze akhe indodakazi yakhe, indela. Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngemuva nje futhi kwaqedwa ngo-1633. Ngesikhathi seKoloni kwakungomunye wezindela ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezibaluleke kakhulu eNew Spain, kodwa namuhla kuphela isonto nesijobelelo esincane esisele, ngoba ingxenye enkulu yaso yacekelwa phansi ngesikhathi sempi yeNguquko. Lapho kuqala iMpi Yenkululeko, uDoña Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez wakhonza njengejele. Ngaphakathi kwethempeli ungabona izingcezu zalo ezinhle eziqoshiwe ze-altare, ikwaya, lapho izindela zazithamele khona izinkonzo, zihlukaniswe nakho konke okusethwe ngothango, kanye neminyango yensimbi ebunjiwe kakhulu epulpiti nasehholo.
Ekhoneni likaMelchor Ocampo noMadero kukhona ithempeli kanye nesigodlo sangaphambili seSan Felipe Neri. Ukwakhiwa kwe-oratory ye-San Felipe kwaqala ngo-1786 futhi kwaqedwa ngo-1805. Ngawo lowo nyaka wathola isibusiso sikaDon Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, owayengumphathi wemisa yokuqala. Ngo-1921 uPapa Benedict XV wamemezela ukuthi uyisonto elikhulu. Ithempeli lakhiwe ngetshe le-tezontle kanti izingcezu zalo ze-altare zenziwe ngenkwali. I-façade iyisibonelo esihle soguquko phakathi kweBaroque neNeoclassical. I-façade yayo ithathwa njengomunye wemisebenzi yokugcina yezimbali yedolobha futhi kuyo ungabaza izinto ezahlukahlukene zokuhlobisa, ezinjengezihloko zamakholomu nezindondo. Ngokwengxenye yayo, i-nave yethempeli isangulukile futhi inesibindi, okungukuthi, i-neoclassical ngokuphelele. Isigodlo esasiyisikhungo samanje sigcina uMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Kwezindawo Zasemadolobheni kanye Nemisebenzi Yomphakathi, owaziwa ngegama elithi "Palacio de Conín", ukukhumbula umsunguli wedolobha.
Amabhulokhi amabili ukusuka ethempelini elikhulu, ekhoneni lika-Ezequiel Montes naseGeneral Arteaga, ithempeli likhona futhi liyisigodlo saseSanta Rosa de Viterbo. Ithempeli likhombisa ubukhazikhazi obukhulu obufinyelelwe yiBaroque eQuerétaro, ebonakaliswa ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Ku-façade, singazazisa izingxenye ezimbili zamawele zezindela, nezinqe ezindizayo ezindizayo, ezinomsebenzi wokuhlobisa kuphela. Ngaphakathi, ipulpiti elihlotshiswe ngophondo lwendlovu, umama-wamaparele, ufudu nesiliva, isitho somzimba kanye ne-nave eqoshwe kahle ngokhuni kuyabonakala. Ku-sacristy kunesinye sezithombe esaziwa kakhulu somdwebo waseNew Spain, esikaDade Ana María de San Francisco y Neve, okuthiwa senziwa yinkosi uJosé Páez.
Isigodlo saqala ngo-1670, lapho umbhangqwana wamaKatolika wakha amaseli athile aphansi engadini yawo ukuze amadodakazi abo amathathu aqale futhi aqhubeke nempilo yawo engokomoya. Kamuva, uDon Juan Caballero y Ocio wagunyaza ukwakhiwa kwamaseli amaningi nesonto. Izindelakazi zanikela impilo yazo kwezemfundo kwathi ngo-1727 yabizwa ngokuthi yiRoyal College yaseSanta Rosa de Viterbo. Ngo-1867 isigodlo savalwa futhi sasetshenziswa njengesibhedlela kwaze kwaba ngu-1963. Kulezi zinsuku sesibuyele ekubeni yisikhungo semfundo futhi abafana sebebuya ukugcwala imihubhe yaso namakilasi aso.
Ekhoneni lika-Allende noPino Suárez ukhona ithempeli kanye nesigodlo sangaphambili seSan Agustín. Ukwakhiwa kwethempeli kukhonjwe nguDon Ignacio Mariano de las Casas futhi kwaqala ngonyaka we-1731. Ekhoneni elingasile lenkwali, isithombe sikaKristu obethelwe ezungezwe imivini kanye nemicu esesithombeni iyabonakala. IVirgen de los Dolores, iSanta Mónica, iSanta Rita, iSan Francisco neSan Agustín. I-dome yayo ingenye ye-Baroque yaseMexico enhle kakhulu, futhi kuyo ungazincoma izingelosi ezilingana nempilo; umbhoshongo wethempeli awuzange uqedwe.
Isigodlo sasiphethwe ama-friar kusuka ngo-1743, yize umsebenzi waqhubeka kuso sonke isigamu sesibili sekhulu le-18. Indlu yasesigodlweni ingenye yobuciko obuhle kakhulu be-oda lika-Augustinian eMelika nesinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zeBaroque emhlabeni. Udumo lwayo lungenxa yomhlobiso ohlaba umxhwele wamakhothamo namakholomu angabheki igceke elingaphakathi. Izibalo zamatshe eziyinqaba ziyavela kulezi zinhlu, okubonakala sengathi zibheke izivakashi. Izithombe ezisefulethini langaphansi ziveza ubuso obunolaka okuthi, naphezu kwakho konke, zikwazi ukuheha nokusithakazelisa, kuyilapho izithombe ezisezingeni eliphezulu zifana futhi ukuthinta kwazo kuthule ngokwengeziwe. Emakhothameni kunochungechunge lwezinto ezihlanganayo ezakha uchungechunge olubamba lezi zilwane njengesiboshwa.
Isigodlo sangaphambilini saseSan Agustín sisingathe iMyuziyamu enhle kakhulu yaseQuerétaro kusukela ngo-1988. Ineqoqo elingunaphakade elihlanganisa imisebenzi yaseYurophu neyaseMexico kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nane, kanye neqoqo eliyingqayizivele lomdwebo omusha waseSpain, ongokwenkolo ngokuyisisekelo.
Kude kancane nasenkabeni yedolobha kumi isakhiwo sokuqala samakhosi esakhiwe eQuerétaro, ithempeli nesigodlo seSanta Cruz de los Milagros. Ukuze ukhulume ngaleli qembu, kufanele uzicwilise emlandweni wokusungulwa kweQuerétaro. Inganekwane ithi ngo-1531, uFernando de Tapia, ogama lakhe lingu-Otomí kwakunguConín, wahola amabutho akhe ayolwa nebutho laseChichimeca egqumeni laseSangremal. Phakathi kwempi enzima, omunye nomunye wabona ukukhanya okukhazimulayo okwadonsa ukunaka kwabo: maphakathi nakho futhi kumiswa emoyeni kwavela isiphambano esimhlophe nesibomvu, futhi eceleni kwaso umphostoli uSantiago wayegibele ihhashi elimhlophe. . Ngalokhu kubukeka okuyisimangaliso impi yaphela kwathi uFernando de Tapia wasithatha lesi sifunda. AmaChichimecas athumela futhi acela ukuthi kubekwe isiphambano egqumeni laseSangremal njengophawu lwesimangaliso esenzeke lapho. Ngawo lowo nyaka kwakhiwa isonto elincane leSiphambano Esingcwele kwathi phakathi nekhulu le-17 kwakhiwa isonto kanye nesigodlo.
Ithempeli selibuyiselwe ngokuphelele futhi okuhehayo okuyikho kuhlala ngaphakathi, lapho kunomfanekiso oqoshwe ngamatshe weSiphambano Esingcwele owavela esibhakabhakeni ngoJulayi 25, 1531. Ungabona futhi izingcezu ezinhle ze-altare zekwari ezinhle Zivela ku-Baroque kuya kwisitayela se-Neoclassical.
Isigodlo seSanta Cruz singesinye sezakhiwo zaseQueretaro esike sabona umlando omkhulu udlula emaphasishi aso. Kusukela ngo-1683 kwakuyindlunkulu yeCollege of Missionaries of Propaganda Fide, elinye lamakolishi abaluleke kakhulu kubavangeli eMelika. Omunye wabafundi abathweswe iziqu kuleli kolishi kwakunguFray Junípero Serra, okwathi, njengomongameli wemishini, wazinikela ekufundeni izimo zokuphila kwamamame ukuze anciphise usizi nokulahlwa ababehlala kulo.
Lapho kuqala inkululeko, lesi sigodlo kwakuyijele leMeya yaseQuerétaro, uDon Miguel Domínguez, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa lathathwa yi-Iturbide ukuze likwazi ukubusa iQuerétaro lisuka egqumeni. Isikhathi sahamba namaFrentshi afika.
UMaximilian waseHabsburg wasebenzisa isigodlo njengendlunkulu yakhe futhi kamuva kwaba ijele lakhe lokuqala.
Namuhla ungavakashela izingxenye ezithile zesigodlo: ikhishi elidala nohlelo lwalo lokupholisa lwemvelo oluthakazelisayo, igumbi lokudlela - elalibizwa ngokuthi i-refectory--, kanye neseli uMaximiliano ayehlala kulo; Eminye imidwebo evela ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa neshumi nesishiyagalombili nayo iyagcinwa, kanye nensimu emaphakathi, lapho kukhula khona isihlahla esidumile esameva aso afana nesiphambano sesiLatin.
I-Querétaro, ngamafuphi, idolobha elihehayo lapho ubuciko, inganekwane namasiko kuxubana ngayo yonke indawo. Amathempeli alo futhi ahlanganisa isikhathi sokugcina futhi agcina iminyango yabo izimfihlo zabalingiswa abadumile abakha umlando waseMexico.
