Okuhlukile, okujwayelekile, okumnandi, okushisayo, okunosawoti, ubhontshisi, ku-taco, al pastor, e-quesadilla, chilaquil, sope, esobho, ngesandla, ikhoma, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okumhlophe, ophuzi, okunonile, okuncane, okukhulu, okukhulu, la I-tortilla yaseMexico iwuphawu nenkambiso endala kunayo yonke yesiko lokupheka ezweni lethu.
Bathandwa ngabaseMexico kungakhathalekile ukuthi bakuphi isigaba senhlalo, i-tortilla idliwa nsuku zonke njengesinkwa sethu, iyodwa noma ngezindlela eziningi nezicebile zokuyethula; Ihambisana nemibala namaphunga okudla kwaseMexico okungajwayelekile, i-tortilla, ngokulula kwayo okungaqondakali, i-protagonist yezitsha, kanye ne-tequila nopelepele, uphawu lokupheka olumele iMexico.
Kepha yazalwa nini, kuphi futhi kanjani i-tortilla? Imvelaphi yayo indala kakhulu ukuthi imvelaphi yayo ayaziwa kahle. Kodwa-ke, siyazi ukuthi umlando wangaphambi kweSpanishi uhlobene nommbila futhi kwezinye izinganekwane nezinsumansumane sithola izinkomba ezahlukahlukene kulokhu.
Esifundazweni saseCalco kuthiwa onkulunkulu behla ezulwini beza emhumeni, lapho uPiltzintecutli ayelala khona noXochiquétzal; kuleyo nyunyana kwazalwa uTzentéotl, unkulunkulu wommbila, owangena ngaphansi komhlaba futhi wanikeza enye imbewu ngokulandelayo; ezinweleni zakhe kwavela ukotini, eminweni yakhe ubhatata nasezinzipho zakhe olunye uhlobo lommbila. Ngalesi sizathu, wathi unkulunkulu wayethandwa kakhulu kunabo bonke futhi bambiza ngokuthi "nkosi ethandekayo."
Enye indlela yokusondela kwimvelaphi ukuhlaziya ubudlelwane bayo neTlaxcala, ogama layo lisho ukuthi "indawo ye-tortilla yommbila."
Akukhona ngenhlanhla ukuthi isigodlo sikaHulumeni saseTlaxcala sisemukela ngemidwebo esendongeni lapho umlando wayo umelwe khona ngommbila. Ngabe singaphetha ngokuthi umsuka we-tortilla ukule ndawo?
Ukuzama ukucacisa le mpicabadala, sahamba sayofuna uthisha uDesiderio Hernández Xochitiotzin, isazi semidwebo esithandwayo nesilandisa umlando waseTlaxcala.
UMaster Xochitiotzin wayephambi kwemidwebo yakhe ebunjiwe, ethula inkulumo. Egqoke ngendlela kaDiego Rivera, emfushane, enesikhumba esinsundu nangezici zakhe zomdabu zasendulo, wasikhumbuza isiqeshana somlando esiphikelela ukusinda.
"Umsuka we-tortilla mdala kakhulu - uthisha uyasitshela - futhi akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi yasungulelwa kuphi, ngoba i-tortilla iyatholakala nasesiGodini saseMexico, eToluca naseMichoacán."
Zisho ukuthini izimpande zezilimi zeTlaxcala kithi lapho?
“ITlaxcala yayibizwa kanjalo ngoba itholakala endaweni ekhetheke kakhulu: ohlangothini olusempumalanga kunezintaba zaseMalitzin noma zaseMalinche. Ilanga liyaphuma lapho bese liyoshona entshonalanga, egqumeni laseTláloc. Futhi njengoba nje ilanga lihamba, kanjalo nemvula. Le ndawo ibonakala ngokutshala okuhle kakhulu; yingakho igama elithi Tierra de Maíz. Abavubukuli bathole ukuthi ineminyaka eyishumi noma eyishumi nanye ubudala, kepha akuyona ukuphela kwendawo, kunenqwaba ”.
Okufanekiselwa okuvezwe emifanekisweni yomdwebo wenkosi uDesiderio, edwetshiwe emakhothameni emnyango weSigodlo - indlu yekhulu le-16, lapho kwakuhlala khona uHernán Cortés–, kukhuluma kithi ngokubaluleka okunamandla kommbila emhlabeni wangaphambi kweSpanishi. Uthisha uyihlanganisa kanjena: “Ummbila yilanga ngoba impilo ivela kulo. Inganekwane ithi uQuetzalcóatl wehlela eMictlán, indawo yabafileyo, wafika lapho wathatha amathambo endoda nowesifazane waya kobona unkulunkulukazi uCoatlicue. Unkulunkulukazi ugaya ummbila kanye namathambo omhlabathi, futhi kusukela kulolo hlaka uQuetzalcoatl wadala amadoda. Kungakho ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko kungumbila ”.
Imidwebo yomdwebo wenkosi uXochitiotzin ilandisa ngomcabango onekhono umlando weTlaxcala ngokusebenzisa ummbila nemaguey, izitshalo ezimbili eziyisisekelo ekuthuthukisweni kwamasiko alaba bantu: iTechchimecas Texcaltecas yasendulo, amakhosi amaTexcales, lapho eba ngabalimi bommbila abakhulu Banikeza izwe labo igama leTlaxcallan, okungukuthi, umhlaba weTlaxcallis noma umhlaba wommbila.
Ukufuna kwethu umsuka we-tortilla akugcini lapha, futhi kusihlwa silibangise e-Ixtenco, idolobha lase-Otomí eTlaxcala elivela phambi kwamehlo ethu njengesipoki, nemigwaqo yalo emide futhi engenabantu.
UNkk Josefa Gabi de Melchor, owaziwa kulo lonke elaseTlaxcala ngomhlobiso wakhe omuhle, usilindele endlini yakhe. Eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ubudala, uDoña Gabi ugaya ummbila wakhe ngamandla emethini, ikhomishini selikhanyisiwe nomusi ufiphaza ikamelo ngokwengeziwe, kuyabanda kakhulu futhi nephunga lezinkuni ezivuthayo lisamukela ngemfudumalo yalo. "Nganginezingane eziyishumi nanye - Usitshela engabuzanga lutho. Ngangibagaya bese ngenza ama-tortilla chips abo. Kamuva umshini wokugaya waqala, kwathi omunye umlamu wami waba nomunye. Ngelinye ilanga wathi kimi: "Wenzani lapho, mfazi, uzoqedela imitha yakho" ". Ngendlela yendabuko, endlini kaDoña Gabi noDon Guadalupe Melchor, umyeni wakhe, kuhlwanyelwa ummbila; Kugcinwa ku-cuexcomate futhi kuvunyelwe ukoma, bese kufakwa isheluli. Lapho ibuzwa ukuthi ngabe i-tortilla yasungulwa yini eTlaxcala, le ntokazi iyaphendula: “Cha, iqale lapha, ngoba i-Ixtenco yasungulwa ngaphambi kweTlaxcala. Abantu basho noma yini, kepha inganekwane yedolobha yilokho. Okubi ukuthi akusekho ofuna ukugaya, sebejwayele ukuthenga. Ngabe ufuna usawoti owengeziwe ku-tortilla yakho? ”. Ngenkathi ekhuluma nathi, sidla ama-tortilla ngaphandle nje kukakhokho. Sibheke ukuthi uDona Gabi asebenze nalesi sigqi, futhi ngokusobala engakhathali, wokugaya imethodi. "Bheka, kugaywa kanjalo." Amandla ahlanzekile, ngicabanga. Futhi kuyakhathaza kakhulu ukwenza ama-tortilla? "Kulabo asebevele bekwazi ukugaya, cha."
Ubusuku budlula buthule, sazi phakathi kokuthula okude ingxenye ekhohliwe yaseMexico, iqiniso lasemaphandleni elisaphila ngenxa yenkumbulo yomlomo yabantu namasiko abo. Ukukhunjulwa kwephunga lentuthu ne-nixtamal kuhlala nathi, izandla eziqinile ku-metate kanye nomdabu womdabu we-Otomí. Ekuseni, amasimu ommbila akhanya ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza saseTlaxcala, esihlangene nentaba-mlilo iLa Malintzin, esisikhipha ezweni laphakade lelanga lommbila.
Umthombo: UMexico ongaziwa uNombolo 298 / Disemba 2001
