Njengamanje umgwaqo ongaphezulu kwamakhilomitha angama-24,000 wesitimela sikazwelonke uthinta kakhulu izifunda ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho eMexico, uhlanganisa izwe nenyakatho nomngcele wase-United States, eningizimu nomngcele waseGuatemala, nasempumalanga uye entshonalanga kuye IGulf of Mexico nePacific. Lokhu kube ngumphumela wenqubo ende yokwakhiwa kwezitimela, ngokususelwa kukwehlukahluka okukhulu kwemvume nezinhlobo zomthetho zobunikazi nokufakwa kolayini abanezici ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe.
Ujantshi wokuqala eMexico kwakunguJantshi waseMexico, onenhloko-dolobha yamaNgisi, usuka eMexico City uye eVeracruz, udlula e-Orizaba kanye negatsha elisuka e-Apizaco liya ePuebla. Yavulwa ngokuphelele, nguMongameli uSebastián Lerdo de Tejada, ngoJanuwari 1873. Ekupheleni kuka-1876, ubude bemizila yesitimela bafinyelela kuma-679.8 km.
Ngesikhathi sokuqala sikahulumeni kaMongameli Porfirio Díaz (1876-1880), ukwakhiwa kojantshi kwakhuthazwa ngokuvumelana kohulumeni bezwe nabantu baseMexico, ngaphezu kwalabo abaphethwe nguHulumeni ngqo. Ngaphansi kwemvume kohulumeni bezwe, kwakhiwa imigqa yeCelaya-León, i-Omestuco-Tulancingo, iZacatecas-Guadalupe, i-Alvarado-Veracruz, iPuebla-Izúcar de Matamoros neMerida-Peto.
Ngaphansi kwemvume kubantu baseMexico, imigqa yeHidalgo Railroad nolayini baseYucatan bayabonakala. Ngokulawulwa okuqondile kukaHulumeni, i-Esperanza-Tehuacán National Railroad, iPuebla-San Sebastián Texmelucan National Railroad kanye neTehuantepec National Railroad. Kamuva, iningi lale mizila lizoba yingxenye yezitimela ezinkulu zakwamanye amazwe, noma lizojoyina amaFerrocarriles Nacionales de México esikhathini esizayo.
Ngo-1880, izimali ezintathu ezibalulekile zesitimela zanikezwa abatshalizimali baseNyakatho Melika, ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinsiza zokwakha nokungenisa isitokwe nemishini, okwadala iCentral Railroad, iNational Railroad, kanye ne-International Railroad. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuqala sikahulumeni kaDíaz, ngo-1880, inethiwekhi yesitimela engaphansi kwegunya lombuso yayinethrekhi eyi-1,073.5 km.
Kamuva, phakathi neminyaka emine kahulumeni kaManuel González, kwanezelwa u-4 658 km kunethiwekhi. ICentral yaphetha isigaba sayo eya eNuevo Laredo ngo-1884 kwathi iNacional yaqhubekela phambili ezigabeni zayo isuka enyakatho iya enkabeni ngokufanayo. Ngalowo nyaka inethiwekhi yayinamathrekhi angama-5,731 km.
Ukubuya kukaPorfirio Díaz kanye namandla akhe okuhlala unomphela kusukela ngo-1884 kuya ku-1910 kuqinise ukunwetshwa kojantshi kanye nezinsiza zokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-1890 9,544 km wethrekhi kwakhiwa; 13,615 km ngo-1900; no-19,280 km ngo-1910. Ojantshi abakhulu kwaba abalandelayo: ICentral Railroad, yenhlokodolobha yaseNyakatho Melika. Imvume inikezwe inkampani yaseBostonia i-Achison, iTopeka, iSanta Fe. Umugqa ophakathi kweMexico City neCiudad Juárez (Paso del Norte). Yavulwa ngo-1884 ngegatsha eliya ePacific ngeGuadalajara nelinye ethekwini laseTampico lidlula eSan Luis Potosí. Igatsha lokuqala lavulwa ngo-1888 kwathi elesibili lavulwa ngo-1890. ISonora Railroad, yasenhlokodolobha yaseNyakatho Melika. Isebenza kusukela ngo-1881, inikezwe imvume eya e-Achison, Topeka, Santa Fe. Ulayini osuka eHermosillo uye eNogales, umngcele we-Arizona. I-National Railroad, yasenhlokodolobha yaseNyakatho Melika, isuka eMexico City iya eNuevo Laredo. Umzila wayo womboko wavulwa ngo-1888. Kamuva, lapho kuthengwa iSouthern Michoacano Railroad, yadlulela e-Apatzingán futhi yaxhunyaniswa neMatamoros enyakatho. Kwaqedwa ngokuphelele ngo-1898. I-International Railroad, yasenhlokodolobha yaseNyakatho Melika. Ulayini osuka ePiedras Negras uya eDurango, lapho wafika khona ngo-1892.
Ngo-1902, yayinegatsha eliya eTepehuanes. I-Interoceanic Railroad, yenhlokodolobha yaseNgilandi. Ulayini osuka eMexico City uye eVeracruz, ngeJalapa. Ngigatsha lase-Izúcar de Matamoros nasePuente de Ixtla. IFerrocarril Mexicano del Sur, evunyelwene nezizwe, ekugcineni yakhiwa ngenhlokodolobha yamaNgisi. Ulayini osuka edolobheni lasePuebla uye e-Oaxaca, odlula eTehuacán. Yavulwa ngo-1892. Ngo-1899 yathenga igatsha lisuka eTehuacán laya e-Esperanza eMgwaqweni Wesitimela WaseMexico. I-Western Railway, yenhlokodolobha yamaNgisi. Ulayini osuka ePort of Altata uye eCuliacán esifundazweni saseSinaloa. Isitimela iKansas City, iMexico ne-Oriente, enhlokodolobha yaseNyakatho Melika. Amalungelo athengwe ku-Alberto K. Owen ngo-1899. Ulayini osuka eTopolobampo uya eKansas City okwazile ukuhlanganisa umzila osuka e-Ojinaga uya eTopolobampo, nokwakhiwa yi-S.C.O.P. kweChihuahua-Pacific Railroad kusuka ngo-1940 kuya ku-1961.
UFerrocarril Nacional de Tehuantepec usuka echwebeni laseSalina Cruz oLwandlekazi iPacific uya ePuerto México (Coatzacoalcos) eGulf of Mexico. Ekuqaleni yayiphethwe yinhloko-dolobha, ngo-1894 inkampani yamaNgisi iStanhope, iHamposon neCrothell yathatha umthwalo wokwakhiwa kwayo, kwaba nemiphumela emibi. Ngo-1889 uPearson and Son Ltd. wayebhekele ukwakhiwa kabusha kwayo.Le nkampani efanayo yahlanganiswa ngo-1902 nohulumeni waseMexico ngokusebenza kojantshi. Ngo-1917 inkontileka noPearson yahoxiswa futhi uhulumeni wathatha izintambo, wahlanganiswa neNational Railways yaseMexico ngo-1924. I-Mexican Pacific Railroad, nenhlokodolobha yaseNyakatho Melika. Ulayini osuka eGuadalajara uye eManzanillo odlula eColima. Kwaqedwa ngo-1909. ISouthern Pacific Railroad, yeqembu laseNyakatho Melika iSouthern Pacific. Umkhiqizo weyunithi eminingi. Isuka eMpalme, eSonora, ifike eMazatlán ngo-1909. Ekugcineni ulayini ufinyelela eGuadalajara ngo-1927.
AmaFerrocarriles Unidos de Yucatán, axhaswe ngosomabhizinisi bendawo. Bahlanganiswa ngo-1902 nojantshi abahlukahlukene ababekhona kakade enhlonhlweni. Bahlala bodwa kwezinye izitimela kuze kube ngu-1958, nokwandiswa kwegatsha laseMérida kuya eCampeche nokuxhumeka kwalo neSoutheast Railroad. IPan-American Railroad, eyayiphethwe inhlokodolobha yase-US kanye nohulumeni waseMexico ngezingxenye ezilinganayo. Yahlanganisa umngcele neGuatemala, eTapachula naseSan Jerónimo, neNacional de Tehuantepec idlula eTonalá. Ukwakhiwa kwaqedwa ngo-1908. I-Northwest Railway of Mexico, yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1910. Kusuka eCiudad Juárez kuya eLa Junta esifundazweni saseChihuahua. Kamuva ihlanganiswe neChihuahua-Pacific, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeMexico, ingxenye yendawo emaphakathi yePacific, inhlonhlo yaseBaja California, iSierra de Chihuahua, ingxenye yeSonora kanye nezifunda ezithile esifundeni ngasinye kusalindile.
Ngo-1908 iNational Railways yaseMexico yazalwa ngokuhlanganiswa kweCentral, iNational kanye ne-International (kanye nojantshi abambalwa abangaphansi kwabo: iHidalgo, Noroeste, Coahuila y Pacífico, Mexicano del Pacífico). AbakwaNationals of Mexico babenamakhilomitha ayi-11,117 wesitimela endaweni kazwelonke.
Ngo-1910 kwaqubuka uguquko lwaseMexico, lwalwa ngojantshi. Ngesikhathi sikahulumeni kaFrancisco I. Madero inethiwekhi yanda ngama-340 km. Ngo-1917 izigaba iTampico-El Higo (14.5 km), Cañitas-Durango (147 km), Saltillo al Oriente (17 km) ne-Acatlán a Juárez-Chavela (15 km) zase zengezwe kwinethiwekhi yamaNationals of Mexico.
Ngo-1918 inethiwekhi yesitimela engaphansi kwegunya lombuso yafinyelela ku-20,832 km. Izifundazwe, ngokwazo, zazinamakhilomitha angama-4,840. Ngo-1919 inethiwekhi yomfelandawonye yayisinyukele ku-20 871 km.
Phakathi kuka-1914 no-1925, kwakhiwa eminye imigwaqo engama-639.2 km, kwakhiwa amakhilomitha angama-238.7, kwalungiswa eminye imigqa kwahlelwa nemizila emisha.
Ngo-1926 abaHlanga baseMexico babuyiselwa kubanikazi babo bangaphambilini, futhi kwasungulwa iKhomishini Yokubheka Izinga Nokubala Amaxabiso. Abaninimasheya abazimele bathole inethiwekhi kazwelonke ngemigwaqo engama-778 km ngaphezulu.
Ngo-1929, kwamiswa iKomidi Lokuhlela kabusha Izitimela Zikazwelonke, eholwa nguPlutarco Elías Calles. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwaqala ukwakhiwa kweSub-Pacific Railroad eyajoyina iNogales, iHermosillo, iGuaymas, iMazatlán, iTepic neGuadalajara. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa inqubekela phambili emgqeni owawuzobheka izifundazwe zaseSonora, eSinaloa naseChihuahua.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1930, izwe lalinemigwaqo engama-23,345 km. Ngo-1934, ngokufika kukaLázaro Cárdenas esikhundleni sikaMongameli weRiphabhulikhi, kwaqala isigaba esisha sokubamba iqhaza kukaHulumeni ekuthuthukiseni ujantshi, okubandakanya ukwakhiwa ngawo lowo nyaka wenkampani iLineas Férreas SA, ngenhloso yokuthola , wakhe futhi usebenze zonke izinhlobo zemizila yesitimela futhi uphathe iNational Tehuantepec, iVeracruz-Alvarado nolayini ababili abafushane.
Ngo-1936 i-General Directorate of Construction of Ferrocarriles S.C.O.P. yadalwa, eyayiphethe ukusungulwa kojantshi abasha, kwathi ngo-1937 iNational Railways of Mexico yathathwa njengenkampani esiza umphakathi.
Umoya wokwakha ukuhlinzeka izwe ngoxhaxha lwezitimela olunabile - kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho ngemuva kokubekwa kokuqala - kwaqhubeka emashumini eminyaka alandelayo. Ukusuka ngo-1939 kuya ku-1951, ukwakhiwa komfelandawonye kojantshi abasha kwakungamakhilomitha ayi-1,026 ubude, kanti uhulumeni waphinde wathola nojantshi waseMexico, owaba isikhungo sikahulumeni esisezingeni eliphansi.
Olayini abakhulu abakhelwe umfelandawonye phakathi kuka-1934 no-1970 yile elandelayo: ICaltzontzin-Apatzingán Line esifundeni saseMichoacán ibheke ePacific. Yavulwa ngo-1937. ISonora-Baja California Railroad 1936-47. Iqala ukusuka ePascualitos eMexico, iwele ugwadule lwe-Altar futhi ixhume iPunta Peñasco neBenjamín Hill, lapho iSouth-Pacific Railroad ixhuma khona. Southeast mpumalanga 1934-50. Ingxenye yetheku laseCoatzacoalcos liya eCampeche. Ixhuma ne-Unidos de Yucatán ngo-1957 nokwandiswa kwegatsha laseMérida-Campeche. I-Chihuahua al Pacífico Railroad 1940-61. Ngemuva kokuhlanganisa imigqa ekhona kusukela ngekhulu le-19 nokwakha izigaba ezintsha, yaqala e-Ojinaga, eChihuahua, futhi yaphela ethekwini laseTopolobampo, eSinaloa.Kuma-1940 kanye no-1950, kwenziwa imisebenzi ebalulekile ekwandiseni imigwaqo, ukulungisa kabusha imigqa kanye nokwenza isimanje kwezokuxhumana ngocingo, ikakhulukazi kulayini waseMexico-Nuevo Laredo.
Ngo-1957 kwavulwa iCampeche-Mérida Railroad futhi izingxenye ze-Izamal-Tunkás zakhiwa njengengxenye yeYucatán United, kanye ne-Achotal-Medias Aguas ukuxazulula isiminyaminya esisuka eVeracruz siya e-Isthmus. Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwaqala kabusha imisebenzi yeMichoacán el Pacífico Railroad, isuka eCoróndiro yaya ethekwini lasePichi, ngaseLas Truchas. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igatsha laseSan Carlos-Ciudad Acuña elihlanganisa lelo dolobha elingasemngceleni waseCoahuila kunethiwekhi kazwelonke liyaqedwa.
Ngo-1960 ujantshi waseMexico wajoyina iNationals of Mexico. Ngo-1964 kwakukhona izinhlaka eziyishumi ezehlukene zokuphatha kojantshi ezweni. Ubude benethiwekhi bufinyelela kuma-23,619 km, okuyi-16,589 yawo kungabakwaNationals of Mexico.
Ngo-1965 umfelandawonye uthatha iNacozari Railway. Ngo-1968 kwasungulwa iKhomishini Yokuxhumanisa Ezokuthutha kwafakwa izisekelo zokuhlanganisa ujantshi kazwelonke. Ngo-Agasti walowo nyaka iSoutheast Railroad kanye ne-United Yucatan Railroad bahlangana.
NgoFebhuwari 1970, ulayini weCoahuila-Zacatecas wanikezwa iNationals of Mexico, kwathi ngoJuni yathola umzila wesitimela iTijuana-Tecate, lapho kwaqedwa ukwenziwa kojantshi eMexico, inqubo eyaqalwa njengoba sekushiwo. ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka. Futhi ngalowo nyaka umgwaqo wenziwa wesimanje futhi kwalungiswa olayini abasuka enhlokodolobha eya eCuatla naseSan Luis Potosí, kanye nolayini oya eNuevo Laredo.
Eminyakeni yamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, umsebenzi wesitimela wawugxile kakhulu ekuphuculeni imigwaqo, ezokuxhumana ngocingo kanye nengqalasizinda, ukulungiswa kwemithambeka nokwakhiwa kolayini abasha.
Imali etholwe ngokuvuma izimali kanye nokuzibophezela kokuzimela kwangasese eminyakeni emi-5 ezayo Yesitimela Esikhokhiwe (izigidi zamadola) Utshalomali eminyakeni emi-5 (izigidi zamadola) Kusuka eNortheast 1, 384678 North Pacific * 527327 Coahuila-Durango 2320 Kusuka eningizimu-mpumalanga 322 278 Ingqikithi 2 , 2561,303 * Kufaka phakathi ulayini omfushane i-Ojinaga- Topolobampo.
