Sikunikeza ukuhlanganiswa kwezitshalo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ngamakhambi esintu ukwelapha izifo ezahlukahlukene. Thola ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezokwelapha futhi ufunde kabanzi ngale nkambiso yasendulo.
Ngokungafani namakhambi okwelapha enkabeni naseningizimu yezwe, lawo asenyakatho awaziwa kangako. Ngokwengxenye enkulu lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu baseMesoamerican babenemithombo yezithombe, ama-codices nemidwebo yodonga, kanye nesiko lomlomo elinothile, futhi kamuva ngesikhathi seKoloni, nababhali bezindaba nososayensi abanjengoMotolinia, iSahún, iLanda, uNicolás Monardes noFrancisco Hernández , phakathi kwabanye. Amaqembu asenyakatho, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayengabantu abayimizulane ne-agraphic, ngakho-ke abashiyanga bufakazi bemithi yabo, eyayingathuthukile kangako.
Kwakungesikhathi seNew Spain lapho izithunywa zevangeli ezingamaJesuit, ezokuqala nezamaFranciscans kanye nama-Augustinians, kamuva, kanye nabahloli bamazwe abathi ngemibhalo yabo, imibiko, ubudlelwano kanye nezindaba bashiya imininingwane ebalulekile ngalokho abakutholile, bakubona futhi bakufunda ngomuntu wamakhambi wendabuko.
Ezikhathini zakamuva nje, uphenyo lwezinto zakudala, i-ethnographic kanye ne-anthropological olwenziwe esifundeni lunikele ngemininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu olwazini lwalesi sitshalo. Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi iningi lemithi yemvelaphi yezitshalo yayaziwa futhi isetshenziswa kudala ngaphambi kokufika kweSpanish. Ngendlela yokuthi izazi zezitshalo zaseYurophu kanye nabadali bemvelo (abakholwayo nabezenkolo) babephethe ukuwayala, ukuwahlela futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuwasabalalisa.
Ngenhlanhla, phakathi kwezithunywa zevangeli ezazishumayela ivangeli kule ndawo kwakukhona izazi zemvelo eziyiqiniso, futhi okuningi okwaziwayo namuhla ngezitshalo zawo zokwelapha bakukweleta bona, njengoba befunda izitshalo zasenyakatho bazihlukanisa ngendlela elula. Ngakho-ke, kwakukhona izitshalo eziwusizo nezitshalo eziyingozi; okokuqala kwahlukaniswa, kwaba ukudla, okwelapha, okwe-hallucinogenic kanye nokuhlobisa. Khonamanjalo, eyingozi yasetshenziselwa ukufaka ushevu emicibisholo, noma emanzini emifudlana, emachibini nasezizalweni zemifula ukuzingela nokudoba, ngokulandelana.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwezitshalo zokwelapha okwenziwe amaJesuit kwakulula kakhulu: benza igama labo lomdabu iSpanish, balichaza kafushane, banquma umhlaba owakhulela kuwo nengxenye eyasetshenziswa, kanye nendlela okwaphathwa ngayo, futhi ekugcineni, yiziphi izifo welashwa. Lezi zinkolo zenze izincazelo eziningi zezitshalo zokwelapha, zaqoqa amakhambi, zatshala izivande nezingadi, zaphenya ngezakhiwo zazo, zaqoqa futhi zathumela amasampula kuma-protomedicato eMexico City naseSpain, zahanjiswa futhi zathengiswa. Kodwa futhi baletha izitshalo zokwelapha ezivela eYurophu, e-Asia nase-Afrika ezazijwayeleke esifundeni. Kulokhu kuza nokuhamba kwezitshalo kuvela iqoqo lamakhambi elisetshenziswa njengamanje esifundeni, ngokwamukelwa okukhulu okuthandwayo.
