UTamaulipas uphethe izimanga kubathandi bokuhamba izintaba nemvelo.
Izilungiselelo ezinhle zemvelo endaweni eyomile noma ehlathini, ebanda noma ezindaweni ezishisayo; imizila engakholeki eholela emifuleni e-placid, iziphethu ezisobala, izindlu zangaphansi ezihlaba umxhwele, emigedeni nasemacenotes angaqondakali. AmaCenotes eTamaulipas? Yize lokhu kungamangaza abafundi abaningi, lokhu akugcini enhlonhlweni yaseYucatan; Siphinde sibathole endaweni encane eTamaulipas lapho aziwa kakhulu ngegama elithi "amachibi".
Igama elithi mayad'zonot (cenote), lisho "umgodi emhlabathini" futhi lichaza umthombo wemvelo ovela enhlabathini enamanzi enamanzi ikakhulukazi ethinteka ku-leaching (inqubo elandelwa ngamanzi ukuncibilikisa amaminerali namatshe). Kulokhu, kuyidwala le-limestone, elibangela ukwakheka kwemigodi emikhulu engaphansi komhlaba; Emaphethelweni, uphahla lwale mihume olugcwele amanzi luyancipha futhi luwa, kuveze isibuko samanzi esiphakathi kwezindonga ezinamadwala.
Kunama-cenotes ambalwa kuphela eTamaulipas, atholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe, kumasipala wase-Aldama, cishe amakhilomitha ayi-12 entshonalanga yesihlalo sikamasipala; kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuqinisa ukuthi, ngenxa yobukhulu nokujula kwabo, badlula kude abaseYucatecans.
EMINYE ISizinda SOMlando
Ku-Report on the colony of Nuevo Santander and Nuevo Reino de León (1795), uFélix María Calleja, isazi sangempela samasosha futhi waba yindlalifa yaseNew Spain eminyakeni yokuvukela umbuso, wathi: “enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Villa de las Presas del Rey ( namuhla i-Aldama) kunomhume omkhulu okhanyiswe yizibhakabhaka zemvelo; nezindawo ezingama-varas ezingama-200 ezikude nalo mhume, umgodi ojulile okukhona kuwo ichibi lapho isiqhingi sotshani sintanta khona ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi okuphansi kwalo akuqondakali kusuka phezulu ”.
Ngo-1873 unjiniyela u-Alejandro Prieto, isazi-mlando kanye nombusi waseTamaulipas, wafaka encwadini yakhe ethi History, geography kanye nezibalo zombuso waseTamaulipas udaba olwabhalwa nguyise, uRamón Prieto, olwalunesihloko esithi "Imithombo eshisayo yaseLa Azufrosa", lapho enza khona incazelo eningiliziwe ichibi laseZacatón, namanye amachibi amathathu ngaleso sikhathi ayaziwa ngokuthi amaBaños de los Baños, amaMurcielagos namachibi e-Alameda; yenza ukuqagela okuthile ngokwakhiwa kwalezi zinhlabathi ezinhle kakhulu, kanye namazwana ngobuhle, izakhiwo zokuphulukisa kanye nemvelaphi enesulfure yemithombo yayo eshisayo. Iphinde ibhekise ekubeni khona kokumbiwa komhlaba noma igalari, ichibi laseLos Cuarteles, eliholela emhumeni owaziwa kancane.
I-POZA DEL ZACATÓN
Sijabule ngomqondo wokuhlola lezi zakhiwo zemvelo ezingavamile, sashiya uCiudad Mante saya kumasipala wase-Aldama; Ngemuva kwamahora amabili safika emphakathini we-ejidal wase-El Nacimiento, lapho kwakuqala khona ukuvakasha kudabula ama-cenotes. URafael Castillo González ngomusa wacela ukuhamba nathi njengomhlahlandlela. Endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukuzalwa komfula", sithola indawo enokuthula nenhle yomfula, izungezwe izihlahla zesundu, ilungele usuku lokuzilibazisa; umfula iBarberena (noma iBlanco, njengoba abantu bendawo beyazi), ubonakala sengathi uzalwa ngohlaza olujiyile lwezihlahla ezinkulu futhi akunakwenzeka ukubona ngeso lenyama iphuzu ngqo lapho kuvela khona intwasahlobo.
Sihamba sizungeza umngcele wocingo oluhlabayo bese siqala ukukhuphuka umqansa omfushane kodwa omfushane size sifike esiqongweni sethafa eligcina izihlahla, izihlahla, nezintaba, okufana nehlathi eliphansi elincanyana lesifunda; Silandela umhlahlandlela wethu ibanga elingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-100 kuze kube sekugcineni, futhi cishe ngaphandle kokuqaphela, sifinyelela emaphethelweni echibi elihle laseZacatón. Simangele lapho sibona isimangaliso semvelo esinjalo, futhi kuphela ukuxokozela okujabulisayo komhlambi we-quila - ama-parakeet amancane ohlobo lwe-Aratinga - kuphazamise ukuthula okuyisisekelo kwendawo.
Isiziba seZacatón sinezimo zakudala zama-cenotes: imbobo enkulu evulekile eyi-116 m ububanzi, enezindonga ezimile ezithinta ubuso bamanzi cishe ngamamitha angama-20 ngaphansi kwezinga lendawo ezungezile; ivault eyake yayimboza yawa ngokuphelele futhi yakha isilinda semvelo esicishe siphelele. Amanzi ayo azolile, ombala oluhlaza okotshani kakhulu, enza kubonakale sengathi amile; kodwa-ke, u-10 m ngezansi kukhona umhubhe wemvelo ongama-180 m ubude oxhuma ichibi nomthombo womfula, futhi kugeleza lapho kuhamba imisinga engaphansi komhlaba. Ibizwa kanjalo ngoba ebusweni bamanzi kunesiqongo sotshani esintantayo esisuka kolunye ugu siye kolunye, mhlawumbe ngenxa yomoya noma ukujikeleza kwamanzi okungabonakali.
Ngo-Ephreli 6, 1994, uSheck Exley, umgodi ohamba phambili emhlabeni (wabeka amamaki amabili okujula: 238 m ngo-1988 no-265 m ngo-1989) wangena emanzini aseZacatón, kanye nomlingani wakhe uJim Bowden, ukuzama wephula uphawu lokujula kwamamitha ayi-1 000 (305-m) okokuqala: ngeshwa kwaba nenkinga futhi waminza ngamamitha angama-276. Ichibi laseZacatón, umgodi ogcwele izikhukhula owatholakala kuze kube manje, wabonakala “uyilasha elingenamkhawulo” bonke abatshuzi bemihume ababefisa ukulihlola. Lokhu nguyena owavusa uthando lukaSheck Exley. Kepha ngokudabukisayo, abatshuzi abasemgwaqweni abahamba phambili emhlabeni bafa kwalasha ujule kakhulu emhlabeni.
ISIHLOKO ESILUHLAZA
Ngobubanzi obukhulu kakhulu kunobo beZacatón, ayinakho ukubonakala kwe-cenote yakudala; izindonga ezizungezile aziwi futhi zimbozwe uhlaza oluminyene lapho singahlukanisa khona kuphela izintende zezandla zeSabal mexicana. Kusinikeze umbono wokuthi sithole ichibi eliyimfihlakalo, elahlekile ekujuleni kwehlathi elishisayo eliyingqayizivele nelinomswakama. Sehla amamitha ambalwa ezansi nommango ongaxegi kakhulu saya “olwandle” okuwukuphela kwalo lwedwala eliqinile le-limestone elikhona emaphethelweni echibi; amanzi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala futhi acace kakhulu kunalawo kaZacatón.
Ukuma kwethu okulandelayo kwakusechibini elincane lemvelo elaziwa ngokuthi yiLa Pilita, elisendaweni ecindezelekile emhlabathini; ububanzi baleli chibi lincane kakhulu futhi amanzi acishe abe sezingeni lomhlabathi. Siyaqhubeka sibheke eLa Azufrosa; ukuphela kwendawo lapho kuvela khona isisekelo sesibabule samanzi: ubisi olunombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, olushisayo lapho kuthintwa khona nolokubhuza njalo ebusweni. Abantu baya lapho ukugeza ukuze basebenzise amandla okuphulukisa echibi lemvelo eliyingqayizivele.
UMgedE WEZINQOLA
Kancane ngaphambi kokufika kulo mgede siphawula inqwaba "yemigodi" noma ukuvuleka okuncane emhlabathini okuxhumana nengaphakathi; Lapho siwabuyekeza, siyaqonda ukuthi ukushuba kwedwala le- limestone cishe kuyimitha elilodwa, ngakho-ke besihamba ngokoqobo "emoyeni." Singena emhumeni ngomunye weminyango yawo futhi simangazwe umbukwane ongajwayelekile: igalari enkulu engaphansi komhlaba ekhanyiswe ngamalambu esibhakabhaka lapho iziqu nezimpande zama-higerones (Ficus sp.) Zingena khona ezifuna ingaphakathi elinomswakama lomgede. . Iningi lalezi zibani zasemkhathini zingamamitha ambalwa ububanzi, kepha kukhona nokuncipha okukhulu, ngenxa yokuwa kophahla, lapho ihlathi eliyingqayizivele lamatshe nezihlahla selithuthukile; Imvelo idale ukwakheka okuhle kwe-surreal lapha okufanele ukubabaze.
Ukucatshangelwa kwe-AL GUNAS
Kungacatshangwa ukuthi wonke amachibi axhumana ngaphansi komhlaba; Kodwa-ke, ziyehluka ngombala, ukusobala kanye nokuqukethwe kwesibabule emanzini abo, mhlawumbe ngenxa yobukhona bamanzi ahlukahlukene, ngalinye linekhwalithi yamanzi ehlukile, kamuva exutshwe emfudlaneni owodwa ogelezela emseleni wawo oguqukayo. emthonjeni womfula. Okungelula ukukuchaza ukujula okumangalisayo, okulinganiselwa kumamitha angu-1080 (330 m), okufinyelela echibini laseZacatón. Kufika engqondweni kuphela okushiwo nguDon Ramón Prieto ngekhulu elidlule: “Emanzini aseLa Azufrosa, konke kuhlukile, konke kukhulu futhi kuyamangaza. Amachibi esiwachazile kanye nomthamo omkhulu wamanzi obonwe ukugqolozela kwabo bonke, kubukeka kungajwayelekile kumsindo womfula owakha ipayipi lawo. Ngokusobala sebeshonile noma belele, bathole amandla adingekayo okwephula ungqimba lwetshe ebembozile futhi, benamahloni ngokuboshwa kwabo, bathi: sizobona ukukhanya, futhi ukukhanya kwenzelwa bona. "
UMA UYA KULAHLEKA KWABASEBENZI BE-DE ALDAMA
Ukusuka edolobheni nasethekwini laseTampico, eTamaulipas, landela umgwaqo omkhulu kazwelonke no. 80 okusisa eCiudad Monte; Ngemuva kwamakhilomitha angama-81, eManuel Station, thatha umgwaqo ongena emgwaqeni omkhulu cha. I-180 eya ngase-Aldama naseSoto la Marina; Hamba cishe amakhilomitha angama-26 futhi kuleli phuzu (amakhilomitha ayi-10 ngaphambi kokufika e-Aldama) jikela ngakwesokunxele emgwaqweni ogandayiwe, ongaba amakhilomitha ayi-12 ubude, oholela e-ejido. Ukuzalwa. Leli sayithi alinazo izinsizakalo zezivakashi, kepha ungazithola edolobheni eliseduze lase-Aldama, noma edolobheni laseTampico.
Umthombo: UMexico ongaziwa ongu-258 / Agasti 1998
