IMexico izwe elinengcebo yemvelo kwesinye isikhathi okunzima ukuyikholelwa; isibonelo, kuthatha imizuzu engamashumi amahlanu kuphela emgwaqeni ukusuka esimweni sezulu esineqhwa elingapheli, uye ezindaweni ezishisayo, nazo zonke izimila zalo ezichumayo!
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zezulu, izilwane nezitshalo ezihlala ezweni lethu ikakhulu kungenxa yezimbangela ezimbili: eyokuqala, ngoba insimu yethu isendaweni yesikhashana phakathi kwezindawo ezishisayo nezogwadule zeplanethi; Okwesibili ukuthi iMexico inejografi emangele ngokwedlulele, ukuze ukuphakama ngakunye, isigodi ngasinye, intaba noma umhosha kuveze izimo ezihlukile ze-microclimatic, ezikhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kusuka emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo kuya ezingwadule nasezinkangala noma emahlathini amakhulu. ama-conifers; Konke lokhu kufaka isandla, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukudala ubukhulu besizwe sethu esihle.
IMexico izwe elinengcebo yemvelo kwesinye isikhathi okunzima ukuyikholelwa; isibonelo, kuthatha imizuzu engamashumi amahlanu kuphela emgwaqeni ukusuka esimweni sezulu esineqhwa elingapheli, uye ezindaweni ezishisayo, nazo zonke izimila zalo ezichumayo! Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezimnandi zezulu, izilwane kanye nezitshalo ezihlala ezweni lethu ikakhulu kungenxa yezimbangela ezimbili: okokuqala, ukuthi insimu yethu itholakala endaweni yezinguquko phakathi kwezindawo ezishisayo nezogwadule zeplanethi; Okwesibili ukuthi iMexico inejografi emangele ngokwedlulele, ukuze ukuphakama ngakunye, isigodi ngasinye, intaba noma umhosha kuveze izimo ezihlukile ze-microclimatic, ezikhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kusuka emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo kuya ezingwadule nasezinkangala noma emahlathini amakhulu. ama-conifers; Konke lokhu kufaka isandla, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukudala ubukhulu besizwe sethu esihle.
Ihlathi lemvula
Eyaziwa nangokuthi ihlathi elishisayo, ihlathi elihlala liluhlaza noma ihlathi eliphakeme njalo, kuyisimo semvelo somhlaba esinokuhlukahluka okukhulu kunakho konke emhlabeni, ngoba kwikhilomitha elilodwa lesikwele lingaba nezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane kunalezo ezihlala emazweni amaningi aseYurophu.
Ngenxa yezimo zomswakama ophakeme namazinga okushisa angaphezu kwama-22 ° C atholakala ngokwesilinganiso ehlathini, nasendaweni ephakeme egeleza phakathi kwezinga lolwandle no-1,200 m, inani elimangazayo nokwehluka izitshalo, umthombo wokudla wenani elimangalisayo lezilwane, isikhunta, amabhaktheriya nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zokuphila ezihlala ehlathini.
Ukungena ehlathini lemvula kuyinto engavamile. Ukuhamba esihlahleni esinomthunzi kusigcinela izinto eziningi ezimangazayo, futhi kusivumela, isibonelo, ukubabaza izihlahla zasendulo eziphakeme kakhulu, ezinikeza umbono wokuthinta isibhakabhaka; ngasosonke isikhathi kuzwakala imisindo, oskwiza, iskroshi kanye nengoma yezinkulungwane zezinyoni ezihlala emiqhele. Konke lokhu, ndawonye, kusinikeza umuzwa oyingqayizivele futhi oqinisekile wokuthi sizungezwe ngokuphelele impilo.
Indawo: Quintana Roo, Yucatán, Campeche, Tabasco, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Puebla naseSan Luis Potosí.
Ihlathi elinamanzi
Eyaziwa nangokuthi ihlathi elinamanzi ashisayo, ihlathi lemvula elisethafeni liyisimo semvelo esinokuhlukahluka okukhulu. Isungulwe kusuka olwandle iye kumamitha ayi-1,900, futhi ivame ukuxubaniswa nezingxenye ezincane zehlathi eliphakeme, ikakhulukazi ezihosheni. Inesimo sezulu esifudumele unyaka wonke, kanye nenkathi eyomile edala ukuthi izihlahla zingafinyeleli ezindaweni eziphakeme futhi zilahle amaqabunga, ngenxa yokushoda kwamanzi. Njengoba ibonwa kude, lesi simiso semvelo sisithokozisa ngamathoni aso aphuzi, ocher kanye nokubomvu, okushintshaniswa nemifino kanye nama-nuances amaningi njengoba izinhlobo zezihlahla zihlala kuwo; Lapho izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zincane futhi kunezinhlobo ezinameva ezibusayo, ibizwa ngokuthi ihlathi elinameva.
Ehlathini eliphansi kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale ukwehluka okukhulu kwezilwane okuguqulwe ngokungabi khona kwemvula okwenzeka ezinyangeni ezine kuya kweziyisithupha zamanzi aphansi; Ngakho-ke sithola izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo, izinambuzane, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo nezilwane eziphila ezweni, phakathi kokunye, nokuthi, njengakuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo, kuyadingeka ukuba nokubekezela okuncane kanye nomqondo omuhle wokubuka ukuze sikwazi ukubabaza ukwakheka okuhle nemibala yazo .
Indawo: Yucatán, Veracruz, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Puebla, Michoacán, Morelos, State of Mexico, Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Durango, Chihuahua, Sonora, Zacatecas, Baja California Sur naseTamaulipas.
Isikhuhla se-Xerophilous
I-xerophilous scrub iyisimo semvelo esiningi kakhulu eRiphabhulikhi yethu, ngoba ngenxa yezimo zemvula eziphansi ezikhona kakhulu endaweni yethu enkulu, ikakhulukazi enyakatho, le ndawo yezemvelo ingasungulwa ezindaweni ezinkulu. Ngezinye izikhathi kwaziwa njengehlane. I-xerophilous scrub inezimila ezincane, ezakhiwe izitshalo eziguqulelwe izimo zesomiso, njenge-cacti, i-agaves nezihlahlana ezincane ezinameva, okuyinika umlingiswa ohlukile. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kushoda, inenqwaba yezinhlobo zezilwane, njengezinyoka, ama-iguana, izinambuzane, ama-arachnids, ofezela, izinyoni nezinye izinhlobo eziningi ezikwaziyo ukuhlala ezifundeni ezinamanzi amancane.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokukhuhla, kuya ngezitshalo ezihamba phambili, njenge-rosetophilic scrub, ebuswa ama-magueys ezinhlobonhlobo nobukhulu obuningi, noma isihlahlana lapho i-cacti ibusa kakhulu, kufaka phakathi izitho ezinkulu, ezikhuphuka ngokuziqhenya zibheke esibhakabhakeni.
Indawo: Oaxaca, Puebla, Hidalgo, Querétaro, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, Durango, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Sonora, Baja California Sur naseBaja California.
AmaGrasslands
EMexico izindawo ezinotshani zaziwa kangcono ngokuthi ama-zacatales. Zikhula phakathi kwamamitha ayi-1100 kuya kwayi-2 500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle futhi zikhula cishe njalo emaflethini (ngaphandle kwama-zacatales akhona emithambekeni yezintaba ezinkulu), ezimila zawo ezinkulu zakhiwe izitshalo zomndeni wotshani , okungukuthi, utshani, obusebenza njengokudla kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezidlayo, ezinjengezinambuzane, amahare kanye namagundane, phakathi kokunye. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, izindawo ezinotshani zihlala ezindaweni ezinemvula encane noma enenkathi eyomile kakhulu, ngasikhathi sinye nesimo sezulu esipholile. Njengoba izindawo ezinotshani zingaba nezinye izinhlobo zezimila, njengezihlahlana, zivame ukuphutha ngokuthi izihlahlana.
Indawo: Oaxaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, Durango no Chihuahua.
IBosques de EncinoMexico yizwe elicebe kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezihlahla, kanti ihlathi le-oki limelela ingxenye enkulu yalezo ezikhona ezweni lethu. Lesi simiso semvelo, esilawulwa ama-oki noma ama-oki, sinokuphakama okuguquguqukayo, nezihlahla ezisukela ku-3 noma ku-4 m ukuphakama kuya kuma-specimens amakhulu angama-20 m. Ihlathi lom-oki laseMexico lisikhumbuza ngamahlathi amakhulu asezingeni eliphakeme laseNyakatho Melika, ngoba lezi zihlahla zilahlekelwa amaqabunga ezikhathini ezingezinhle, zidweba indawo enezinhlobonhlobo zamathoni "ekwindla", yize ezweni lethu ukulahleka kwamaqabunga Isebenza kangcono ebusika. Iningi lama-oki likhula ebangeni eliphakathi kwamamitha ayi-1,500 kanye nama-2,800 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, ngesimo sezulu esiveza imvula eningi noma engaphansi kodwa ngesizini eyomile, engavimbeli izihlahlana, ubulembu, ubulembu nokuhlala ehlathini. kufaka phakathi izitshalo ze-epiphytic njenge-hay nama-orchid. Izilwane zichichima kakhulu, kunenani elikhulu lezilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo; Ngokwengeziwe, kulolu hlobo lwehlathi imvamisa kunemifudlana eminingi namachibi amancane akhiqize inqwaba yezindawo zokuzijabulisa zobuhle obubodwa.
Indawo: Itholakala kuyo yonke iRiphabhulikhi, ngaphandle kwezifunda zaseYucatán, Quintana Roo naseCampeche.
Ihlathi leConiferous njengoba igama lalo likhombisa, kulesi simiso semvelo izihlahla ezizalanayo ngezigaxa noma “izigaxa” ziyabusa, njengezihlahla zikaphayini, imisedari, ama-oyele kanye nemijunipha; Ikakhulukazi, amaphayini ezweni lethu abaluleke ngokukhethekile, ngoba lapha cishe u-40% wokuhlukahluka komhlaba kwalezi zihlahla ezinomusa zihlala. Ekuthuthukisweni kwayo isimo sezulu esipholile siyadingeka, nezimvula ngenkathi ethile echaziwe, ngokuvamile ehlobo, okwenza ihlathi likaphayini lihlangane nehlathi lom-okhi kaningi, ngoba zombili zihlala ezimeni ezifanayo, yize okokuqala ingaqala ezindaweni ezibandayo.
Izihlahla zikaphayini azikuvumeli ukukhula kwesihlahla semifino esiningi ngoba amaqabunga aso akha inhlabathi ene-asidi kakhulu, kepha ihlathi lalolu hlobo liyikhaya lezilwane zasendle eziningi, kufaka phakathi izilwane ezincelisayo ezifana nonogwaja namagundane, izinyoni, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo kanye izinhlobonhlobo ezingenamgogodla. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, ihlathi likaphayini, futhi ngokujwayelekile ihlathi le-coniferous, lingesinye sezimiso zemvelo ezihlaba umxhwele ezweni lethu ngenxa yobukhulu bezihlahla zalo, ukunotha kwezilwane zalo nephunga lomoya ophefumulelwa lapho.
Indawo: Itholakala kuyo yonke iRiphabhulikhi, ngaphandle kwezifunda zaseYucatán, Quintana Roo naseCampeche.
I-Mountain Mesophilic Forest Mhlawumbe le ecosystem ingenye yezinhle kakhulu ezweni. Ngenxa yobukhulu bezihlahla zayo ze-oki neze-sweetgum - ezifinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingafika kuma-20 m-, kanye nezimo zomswakama ongapheli nemvula eningi cishe unyaka wonke, kanye nesimo sezulu esipholile, ihlathi le-mesophyll limbozwe unomphela ngempilo: ubulembu, Ubulembu, amakhambi, izihlahlana kanye nenombolo ekhangayo yama-bromeliads, ama-orchid nama-fern, kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezincane kuya ezihlahleni ezinkulu zezihlahla ezinamamitha ayi-10 kuya kwayi-12 ukuphakama. Ngokuqondene nezilwane zayo, kuleli hlathi singathola zonke izinhlobo zezilwane: izinyoni ezinemibala ehlukahlukene, izilwane ezincelisayo (izingulube, izimpungushe, izingwejeje), izilwane ezinwabuzelayo, cishe nazo zonke ezinye izilinganiso zezilwane. Bonke lobu buningi nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zenza ihlathi lasezintabeni i-mesophilic libe yindawo yomlingo emhlabeni.
Indawo: Chiapas, Veracruz, Puebla, Hidalgo naseSan Luis Potosí.
AmaMangroves: AmaMangrove awuhlobo lwezinto eziphilayo eziphila ngaphansi kwamanzi ezikhula ogwini lwamachibi asogwini, ematheku avikelekile nasemilonyeni yemifula. Umhlume isitshalo esinezinkuni esikhula emanzini angajulile, futhi singaba kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-20 m ukuphakama. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umhlume wakha amahlathi eqiniso anikeza isithombe sokuntanta emanzini, yize izimpande zawo zibambelele ngokuqinile phansi odakeni. Imihlume iyisiphephelo sezinhlobo zezilwane ezingenakubalwa, kusukela ezimpethuni ezincane nasezimbuzaneni kuya ezinyonini ezinhle, ezenza umhlume lo ube yindawo ehlukile futhi emangazayo, esondelene nepharadesi emhlabeni.
Indawo: Zitholakala kuwo wonke amagquma eRiphabhuliki, yize kungenjalo ngokuqhubekayo.
Izixhobo zamakhorali
Imifula yaziwa kahle ngokuhlukahluka kwayo okungavamile; empeleni, ziyi-ecosystem yasemanzini enenqwaba enkulu nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Leli reef liyisakhiwo esimangalisayo esicwilisiwe, esakhiwe ukunqwabelana kwe-calcium carbonate okwenziwa yizigidi zezilwane ezincane kakhulu, ama-coral, okugcina kukhosele ulwelwe olungenakubalwa, isixhumanisi sokuqala ochungechungeni lokudla olusekela indawo enkulu ubuningi bezidalwa eziphilayo. Ukuntywila emfuleni wamakhorali kuyinto enganqobeki, njengoba ngokuzumayo uzungezwe izigidi zezinhlanzi, ezihlukahluka njengabo bonke ubuningi obumnandi nokuhlukahluka kwempilo okufaka imibala kulesi simiso semvelo esimangalisayo.
Indawo: Zitholakala kuzo zonke izifundazwe ezisogwini, ngaphandle kweBaja California, Sinaloa naseSonora, yize ukusatshalaliswa kwazo kungafani.
