Kunoma iyiphi indawo, noma ngasiphi isikhathi, izicabucabu zingavela zikukhumbuze ukuthi, yize zincane ngakhona, ziyakwazi ukudala izindwangu ezingakholeki ezingamelana nomthelela wenhlamvu!
Sasikhona UMorelos, ubusuku base buvele buzinzile - ngaleyo ndlela ebabazekayo yokwenza, nemisindo yayo ejwayelekile - isizungezile. Ngakho-ke sasingekho isikhathi sokulahleka, kwakudingeka ukuthi sikanise ngokushesha.
Saqala ukugxumeka amatende ethu - sasiyiqembu elincane lezintaba ezincane-, ngemuva kokubhukuda emanzini omfula UTlaltizapan kwanele ukufisela bonke abanye. Sasilungiselela ukulala lapho, ngokungazelelwe, sahlaselwa ngamakhulu izicabucabu Mnyama njengobusuku
Bethukile, babebonakala bebakhulu kunabo; Sasibabheka behamba benganqeni, ngenkani belibangise empumalanga. Balandela leyo ndlela, bahamba phezu kojosaka, amabhuzu, amatende nezikhwama zokulala, njengokungathi balalela izwi elilodwa lokuyala. Ngokusemandleni ethu sagxuma phakathi kwabo, saqoqa izimpahla zethu sabaleka ngonyawo olukhulu saze safika esigcawini sedolobha.
Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho okungenakulinganiswa kungenze ngaba nelukuluku lokwazi ngama-arachnids futhi ngaqala ukuzicwaninga. Manje sengiyazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo zezicabucabu ezikwazi ukuzijabulisa kakhulu kunezinye nokuthi ngenkathi yazo yokuzala zihlangana ngobuningi zize zibukeke njengezinkumbi.
Ngokuvamile kwesatshwa -kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangokwesaba okunganqandeki-, izicabucabu esingazithola ezigcekeni, ezingadini naphakathi ezindlini zethu, ngokuvamile azinabungozi futhi ziwusizo olukhulu kumuntu. Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe ukushwabadela inqwaba yezinambuzane eziyingozi njengezimpukane, omiyane, amaphela kanye nama-arthropods afana nofezela, phakathi kokunye okuningi. Kodwa-ke, akulula kubantu abaningi ukwamukela noma ukuzwa ukuzwelana nezicabucabu; Esikhundleni salokho, basikhuthaza ngokwesaba noma ngabe siphambi kuka tarantulakodwa ngesicabucabu esivandeni. Kungani sesaba ngisho nabancane? Izizathu mhlawumbe zisekelwe ekuziphatheni okungokwemvelo kohlobo lwethu; okusho ukuthi, zibonisa ingxenye yokuziphatha kwezilwane kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kunengqondo encane esinayo. Kepha lokho kwenqatshwa okungokwemvelo kungaholela ekubeni yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi arachnophobia noma ukwesaba okungenampilo nokungalawuleki kwama-arachnids.
Izicabucabu emlandweni
Izicabucabu - njengezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, izibankwa, izibankwa nezinyoka - zihlotshaniswe ngokungafanele nemisebenzi efana nobuthakathi, iziphonso, iziphikisi, njll. Le mikhuba ivame kakhulu ekuziphatheni komuntu kangangokuthi akuyona into engavamile ukuthola, ezincwadini ezindala kakhulu zemithi yokuthakatha, izindlela zokupheka noma zokwelapha lapho ingxenye ethile yomzimba we-arachnid, noma wonke, kubandakanya ulwembu lwesicabucabu.
Abantu baseMexico abakhuluma isiNahuatl babebabiza kanjalo thinta ngobunye, ngithinte ngobuningi, futhi bathi kuwebhu umagazine. Bahlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene: i-atócatl (isicabucabu sasemanzini), i-ehecatócatl (isicabucabu somoya), i-huitztócatl (isicabucabu esincanyana), i-ocelotócatl (i-jaguar spider), i-tecuantocatl (isicabucabu esinolaka), ne-tzintlatlauhqui (detzintli, ngemuva kanye ne-tlatlauqui, okubomvu). Lokho ukusho ukuthi, "lowo onemuva elibomvu", lo esimazi namuhla njengo umfelokazi omnyama noma i-spider capulina, (ogama lakhe lesayensi yiLatrodectus mactans); nokuthi, impela, inendawo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ebomvu noma ewolintshi ebusweni obuphakathi nxazonke zekholomu yayo nekholomu noma ipistosomu.
Kukhona nedolobha: I-Xaltocan, okusho ukuthi "indawo lapho kunezicabucabu ezihlala khona esihlabathini." Ezinye izethulo zama-arachnids zingatholakala kwi-Borgia Codex, iFejérvári-Mayer Codex neMagliabecchiano Codex. Uphawu oluthakazelisa kakhulu luvela etsheni elimnyama le-volcanic cuauhxicalli (isitsha sezinhliziyo ezinikelwe), lapho isicabucabu sihlotshaniswa nezidalwa zasebusuku ezifana nesikhova nelulwane.
Njengoba sibona, izicabucabu zazihlobene kakhulu nezinganekwane zabaseMexico basendulo futhi isibonelo esiyigugu yileso esadalulwa ngu-Eduard Seler omkhulu waseMexico: "unkulunkulu ovela ezulwini uwele kuwebhu ..." Ngaphandle kokungabaza ubhekisela ku-ehecatócatl, noma isicabucabu somoya, okungalezo zinhlobo ze-arachnid ezihamba zisebenzisa izigaxa ezifanayo.
Iningi lama-arachnids asebusuku, futhi lokhu kwaqashelwa ngokunembile ngabantu baseMexico basendulo. Kungani bekhetha ukusebenza kakhulu ebusuku? Impendulo kubukeka sengathi ebumnyameni babalekela kalula izitha zabo zemvelo futhi abachayeki emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, angabanciphisa futhi ababulale.
AmaCobwebs angenazinhlamvu
Uma sikhuluma ngomsebenzi walaba baluki abangakhathali, kufanele sisho ukuthi imicu wezinsimbi kunamandla futhi kuvumelana nezimo kunezintambo zensimbi noma izintambo zobubanzi obufanayo.
Yebo, yize kungabonakala kungakholeki, kutholakale muva nje ukuthi okungenani uhlobo olulodwa lwe-arachnid oluvela emahlathini asePanama lunewebhu eliqine kangangokuba, ngaphandle kokuphuka, limelana nomthelela wenhlamvu. Lokhu kukhuthaze ukugcwaliseka kocwaningo olunzima, oluzovumela ukwenziwa kwamavesti okuvikela izinhlamvu ukuthi angabi lula futhi, ngakho-ke, akhululeke kakhulu kunalawa akhona manje.
Izicabucabu zensangu
Izazi zezinambuzane o odokotela bezinambuzane Benze ucwaningo olunzima ukuzama ukuchaza ukuthi izicabucabu zenza ama-webs azo alandela indlela ethile. Baye bathola ukuthi ukuhleleka okunjalo kukhona, nokuthi izicabucabu azinaki nje kuphela isikhundla selanga nemimoya ekhona; Babala futhi ukumelana kwezindwangu zabo nokumelana nezinto abazobambelela kuzona, futhi benza izindlela zikasilika ezinganamatheli ukuze bakwazi ukudlulela kulokho okumiselwe inyamazane yabo.
Ilukuluku labanye ososayensi be-arachnological selibaholele ekutheni benze uphenyo oluyinqaba, njengokufaka ezinye izinhlobo zezicabucabu ngentuthu yensangu. Umphumela waba ukukhiqizwa kwezindwangu zomhlanga ezingenasici ngokuthinta -ngaphandle kwemiphumela yesidakamizwa- iphethini lezicubu ezilandela uhlobo ngalunye lwenhlobo.
Izinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezicabucabu
Izicabucabu zingaphansi kwesigaba sama-arachnids naku-oda le-Araneidae. Njengamanje kwaziwa cishe ama-22,000, okumbili kuwo: the umfelokazi omnyama kanye ne- i-violinist zinobuthi kakhulu futhi singazithola emhlabeni wonke.
ICapulina (iLatrodectus mactans), i-violinist (eqanjwe kanjalo ngoba inokwakheka okufana ne-violin kuma-prosome ayo) kanye nokuhamba oku nsundu (iLaxosceles reclusa) kukhiqiza ubuthi obunamandla kangangokuba kubhekwe ukuthi buyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni, I-Capulin kuthiwa inesihlungu esinamandla aphindwe ka-15 kunaleso se-rattlesnake.
Ubuthi balezi zigcawu buhlasela uhlelo lwemizwa ngakho-ke babizwa ngokuthi yi-neurotoxic, gangrenous noma necrotizing. Lokho wukuthi, zibangela ukuwohloka okusheshayo kwezicubu, kubangele ukulimala nokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana wesilwane; ngokufanayo, ubuthi be-capulin buyi-neurotoxic futhi leyo ye-violinist iyabulala.
Uthando phakathi kwezicabucabu luyindaba yokuphila nokufa kwabesilisa
Eqenjini lezicabucabu, abesifazane ngokuvamile bakhulu kunabesilisa; banomkhuba ongajwayelekile wokuguqula inkanuko yabo yezocansi ibe yikudla, uma nje ukuhlangana sekuphelile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngemuva kokuthi isethi yokwenza uthando isiqediwe, badla abalingani babo ngaphandle kwenkokhelo kanembeza.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu esizwakala kahle, kwezinye izinhlobo, owesilisa unomkhuba obonwe kusengaphambili futhi onempilo wokubopha insikazi ngezintambo zentambo yobulembu; Ngale ndlela angakwazi ukulingisa kahle, futhi asinde othandweni ngaphandle kokwenza ukuphunyuka okululazayo nokushesha.
Isicabucabu sinesikhwama esibizwa ngokuthi yi-seminal receptacle, lapho sithola futhi sigcine isidoda siphila isikhathi eside ukuze sitshale amaqanda aso uma kunesidingo. Iningi linomona wokuqapha amaqanda avundisiwe kuze kube yilapho izicabucabu ezincane zichanyuselwa kuwo, okuthi ngemuva kokuchitheka kwesikhumba okulandelanayo okungu-4 kuye ku-12, zifinyelele osayizi babantu abadala futhi ziqhubeke nomjikelezo wokuphila wezinhlobo.
Isikhathi sokuphila sezicabucabu siyahlukahluka futhi kuya ngohlobo lwaso. Ama-tararantula, ngokwesibonelo, aphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20, ama-violin aphila kusuka eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kwengu-10, ama-capulinas asuka ku-1 kuye eminyakeni emibili nengxenye, kanti amanye isikhathi sonyaka wezinyanga ezimbalwa.
Ama-tararantula asengozini yokuqothulwa
Ngokumangazayo, izicabucabu ezinkulu kunazo zonke, ama-tarantula nama-migala, yizona ezisengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa. Abantu abaningi bababulala ngokushesha nje lapho bezibona, futhi bazingelwa futhi ngenhloso yokuzithengisa njengezilwane ezifuywayo kubantu abangazi ukuthi ukuthanda kwabo izilwane "ezingandile" noma "ezingajwayelekile" kungenza izinhlobo eziningi zinyamalale.
Izicabucabu yizilwane ama-arthropods (izilwane ezinemilenze ehlangene) zesigaba se-arachnid, esaziwa ngokuhlukaniswa komzimba kube izingxenye ezimbili: i-cephalothorax nesisu noma i-opisthosoma, izinyawo ezine zemilenze ku-cephalothorax, nezitho (ezibizwa imigqa) ezibekwe ekugcineni kusuka esiswini okukhipha into efana nosilika efana nentambo. Ngalokhu baluka inethiwekhi ebizwa nge-spider web noma i-cobweb, abayisebenzisela ukubamba izinambuzane eyondla ngazo, nokuhamba ngokulenga kuyo.
Zinama-pair ambalwa wamehlo ne-ocelli (amehlo athuthukile) kanye nama-appendage phambi komlomo, abizwa ngokuthi yi-chelicerae.
Lezi zithasiselo ziphela ngehhuku okungena kulo indlala enobuthi; Futhi banenye i-appendages ngemuva komlomo, ebizwa nge-pedipalps, enezitho eziningi zezinzwa.
Banamaphaphu noma amasaka wamaphaphu axhumene namanethiwekhi eziteshi zokuphefumula ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-tracheas, axhumana nengaphandle ngaphandle kwalokho okubizwa nge-stigmata: izimbobo ezinama-caps, eziwavula futhi zivale ukwenza umsebenzi wazo wokuphefumula.
Ukuthola ukudla kwabo bazungeza isisulu ngewebhu yesicabucabu; manje abanganyakazi, bayazinikezela - ngaphandle kwengozi - ukuyimunca ngesisu sabo esincelayo ize ingabi nalutho.
Ngemuva kokuyigaya, bakhipha imfucumfucu yesisulu, equkethe i-guanine ne-uric acid ngokuyisisekelo, abayikhipha isesimweni esomile nge-anus.
